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Performance measurement in automated manufacturing

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Added on  2021-06-07

Performance measurement in automated manufacturing

   Added on 2021-06-07

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Performance Measures ofPlant Level AutomationAbstract---An automation systemis used to automaticallycontrol a process. In the absence of process automation, plantoperators have to physically monitor performance values and thequality of outputs to determine the best settings on which to run theproduction equipment. Performance measures are the parameterswhich are used to evaluate the performance of an automatedmanufacturing systemI.INTRODUCTIONDue to the rapid advances in technology, all industrialprocessing systems, factories, machinery, test facilities, etc.turned from mechanization to automation. A mechanizationsystem needs human intervention to operate the manual operatedmachinery. As new and efficient control technologies evolved,computerized automation control is being driven by the need forhigh accuracy, quality, precision and performance of industrialprocesses. Automation is step beyond the mechanization whichmakes use of high control capability devices for an efficientmanufacturing or production processes. As compared withmanual systems, automation systems provide superiorperformance in terms of precision, power and speed ofoperation. Automation involves using computer technology andsoftware engineering to help power plants and factories inindustries as diverse as paper, mining and cement operate moreefficiently and safely. In the absence of process automation,plant operators have to physically monitor performance valuesand the quality of outputs to determine the best settings onwhich to run the production equipment. Maintenance is carriedout at set intervals. This generally results in operationalinefficiency and unsafe operating conditions.II. PERFORMANCE MEASURESPerformance measures[1] are the parameters which are used toevaluate the performance of an automated manufacturing system(AMS) and they are,A. Manufacturing lead time Alead time[2]is the latencybetween the initiation andexecution of a process. For example, the lead time between theplacement of an order and delivery of a new car from amanufacturer may be anywhere from 2 weeks to 6 months. Leadtime is made of:1)Pre-processing Lead TimeIt represents the time required to release a purchaseorder (if you buy an item) or create a job (if youmanufacture an item) from the time you learn of therequirement. It’s also known as "planning time" or"paperwork"2)Processing Lead TimeIt is the time required to procure or manufacture anitem.3)Post processing Lead TimeIt represents the time to make a purchased itemavailable in inventory from the time you receive it(including quarantine, inspection, etc.).To be in more detail Lead Time is made up of:4)Order Lead TimeTime from customer order received to customer orderdelivered.5)Order Handling TimeTime from customer order received to sales ordercreated.6)Manufacturing Lead TimeTime from sales order created to production finished(ready for delivery).7)Production Lead TimeTime from start of physical production of first submodule/part to production finished (ready for delivery).8)Delivery Lead TimeTime from production finished to customer orderdelivered.Example: A restaurant opens up and a customer walks in. Awaiter guides him to a table, gives him the menu and asks whathe would like to order. The customer selects a dish and thewaiter writes it in his notepad. At that moment the customerhas made an order which the restaurant has accepted – OrderLead Time and Order Handling Time have begun. Now thewaiter marks the order in the cash register, rips the paper fromthe notepad, takes it into the kitchen and puts into the orderqueue. The order has been handled and is waiting in thefactory (kitchen) for manufacturing. As there are no othercustomers, the waiter decides to stand outside the kitchen, bythe door, waiting for the dish to be prepared and begins
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