Student Knowledge Assessment Task

This document provides information about the Student Knowledge Assessment Task, including its duration, instructions, purpose, and conditions for assessment. It also includes multiple-choice questions related to pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, pharmacotherapeutics, and more. The document also provides answers to these questions and explains concepts in detail.

STUDENT KNOWLEDGE ASSESSMENT TASK
Task Name Written Assessment - ONLINE
National unit/s
title
Administer and monitor medicines
and Intravenous therapy
Student Name
Section A - Assessment Information
Duration and/or due date: Please see CANVAS for due dates
Task Instructions
Summary and Purpose of Assessment
 This short-answer assessment task is. This is 2nd of 9 assessment tasks for administration of
medication.
 The student is required to attain satisfactory (S) outcome in all 9 assessment tasks to be deemed
competent (CA) in this course.
 Please remember this course is a yearlong course and this is 1st half of this course and the student
will complete the 2nd half of the course in Semester 2 to gain overall competent (CA) for the
course: Administer and monitor medicines and intravenous therapy.
Assessment Instructions
• You must Satisfactorily answer all 55 questions
• You should answer all questions in the spaces provided, using full sentences, word count and dot
points when requested
• All work must be your own
Where
This is an online assessment task. You will need to upload your assessment to CANVAS.
If you are not able to attend the scheduled assessment timeframe you need to advise your teacher so
that an alternative assessment arrangement can be made. This knowledge assessment is an individual
assessment task that must be completed with minimal support from your supervisor (allowed support
includes further explanation of the task requirements or explanation of assessment criteria etc).
Conditions for assessment
 You must complete the task within the maximum allowed duration

 This is an individual task that you must complete with minimal support from others (allowed support
would be questions related to the location of equipment needed)
 Please make arrangements with your assessor at least one week prior to the assessment due date if
you feel you require special allowance or allowable adjustment to this task
 Please ensure your full and correct name is written on the student version of this assessment task (do
not use nicknames or abbreviations)
 You will be assessed as satisfactory or not satisfactory
 You can appeal the assessment decision according to the RMIT Assessment Processes
 You must meet the conditions of the marking guide to be deemed satisfactory with your responses
 Plagiarised submissions will not be assessed
 If you fail this assessment, your progress will be reviewed and eligibility for one more resubmission
will be determined by your teacher as per RMIT policy.
 Where relevant remediation may be offered prior to resubmission Only one resubmission per assessment allowed and one resit per course
Equipment/resources students must supply: Equipment/resources to be provided by RMIT or
the workplace:
 Computer and relevant software  Computer and internet access
 Canvas Portal
 Appropriate space to complete the assessment
Instructions on submitting your knowledge assessment
 The assessment task sheet will need to be uploaded via the link in the medication shell on
CANVAS. It will be reviewed by Turnitin plagiarism software when submitted.
 Assessments uploaded after the due date will not be accepted and the grade will be DNS
 The due date and time will be displayed on CANVAS.
Equipment/resources students must supply: Equipment/resources to be provided by RMIT or the
workplace:
 Computer access to complete and
upload assessment
 CANVAS login
 Soft copies of the student version of this
assessment task uploaded to CANVAS
Section B – Student Answer Sheet
Student Name Student ID

True or False Responses
Please clearly identify your response by deleting the incorrect
response.
Questions Satisfactory
Y N
Qu1. Written prescriptions must be re-written rather than altered
A. True
Qu2. A side effect is a predictable and often unavoidable secondary effect
A. True
Qu3. Medication is a substance administered for physiological effects on the body
A. False
Qu4. The trade name is the name that must appear on the medication chart
A. True
Qu5. The following medication routes (topical; SL; buccal) are affected by the first pass effect.
A. False
Qu6. Telephone orders are encouraged and can be performed with 2 EN’s
A. True
Qu7. Sub-cut lines can be inserted and used in symptom management in end of life care
A. False
Students, provide your responses in the boxes below each question
Questions Satisfactory
Y N
Qu8. List three (3) government acts or regulations that are in place in Australia, to guide healthcare

workers with the safe administration of medication?
1. Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Regulations 2017
2. Drugs, Poisons and Controlled Substances Act 1981
3. Medications and Poisons Act 2014
Qu9. There are 8 standards listed by the National Safety and Quality Health Standards (NSQHS). How
does Standard 3, Preventing and Controlling Healthcare-Associated Infection, relate to medication
administration in Australia? (200 words)
According to the National Safety and Quality Health Standards (NSQHS), it has been
analysed that there are eight standards which should be considered by care professionals
while providing care to wellbeing of an individual. It includes clinical governance
standard, partnering with consumers standard, preventing & controlling healthcare
associated infection standard, medication safety standard, and comprehensive care
standard, communicating for safety standard, blood management standard and
recognising & responding to acute deterioration standard (Alexander and et. al., 2019). It
is necessary for medical practitioners to consider these standards and relevant guidelines
in order to carry out medication administration accurately which helps to make an
individual disease free. On the other hand, it has been evaluated that standard 3,
preventing and controlling healthcare associated infection to take clinical measures of
maintaining safety factor for patients and provide secure medication. It is important for
nursing staff to make decision of medicine administration accurately in respect of
preventing relevant infections to make sure stable health condition of an individual.
However, it will encourage the care professionals to manage all the safety measures and
provide appropriate medication with accurate dose for making an individual wellbeing.
Moreover, the selected standard is beneficial in terms of facilitating accurate medication
administration with right route, right person, right medicine at right time.
Qu10. The medication schedules are designed to guide healthcare workers in the safe storage of
medications within Australia.
Fill in the table below with storage requirements of each schedule and an example of a medication in
each schedule.
SCHEDULE HOW THIS MEDICATION IN THIS SCHEDULE MUST BE
STORED and DISPENSED
ONE (1) MEDICATION
FROM THIS SCHEDULE
SCHEDULE 2 S2 medicines are known as pharmacy only items which
should be stored in proper are to prevent access of
public and dispense by licensed retailer via a closed
display counter.
Paracetamol

SCHEDULE 3 S3 medicines are pharmacist which should be stored
behind the counter to prevent physical access of public
and some of S3 restricted medicines including
pseudoephedrine must be stored in dispensary are that
is away from retail area of the pharmacy (Cremers and
et. al., 2019).
Pseudoephedrine
SCHEDULE 4 S4 medicines are prescription only that is store in
dispensary to prevent access by the public. It includes
to consider several aspects such as quantities are
restricted to reasonable amounts, medicines are in the
possession of health professional at all times and
reasonable steps are taken to protect against loss or
theft.
Lipitor
SCHEDULE 8 S8 medicines are controlled prescription drugs and
they must be stored in approved drug safes at all times
and strictly follow legal requirements to dispense these
medications.
Alzapam
Qu11. Complete the table below. Fill in the drug calculation used for each form of medication listed. If
no calculation required, then write N/A.
Also write the route that the prescriber would use when prescribing each form of medication.
Remember some forms of medication eg drops, may be administered by multiple routes.
FORM OF MEDICATION WHAT DRUG CALCULATION IS USED FOR
THIS FORM OF MEDICATION? IF NONE
REQUIRED, WRITE N/A.
ROUTE/S THAT MAY BE
ORDERED FOR THIS FORM OF
ADMINISTRATION
CAPSULES/TABLETS
Convert 1.5 g * 1000 mg/g, to prescribe
the capsule or tablet for patient
(6 routes)
Oral, nasal, ocular, parenteral,
trans mucosal and transdermal.
DROPS
Drops of medication is calculated as drop
rate is 42 drops per minute and drop
factor is 20 drops per ml (Alexander and
et. al., 2017).
(3 routes)
Ophthalmic, oral and otic
LIQUIDS Calculation includes that 1 mg of
medicine is found in 0.5 ml of solution
(7 routes)
Oral, injection, sublingual &

buccal, rectal, ocular, otic and
nasal route
INHALANTS (3 routes)
Oral and nasal route
LOTIONS/CREAMS/
OINTMENTS
Calculation is in grams to provide lotions
or creams or ointment.
(5 routes)
Skin route
WAFERS (2 routes)
SUPPOSITORY (2 routes)
Qu12. What is the difference between Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics? (300 words)
W
A. Pharmacodynamics can be defined as branch of pharmacology that is concerned
with effects of drugs as well as their respective mechanism of action. It includes
the science drug performance and their way of reacting human body to drugs.
Meanwhile, it has been analysed that pharmacodynamics includes the criterion of
studying complex interactions between drugs, human body and then pathogen in
order to treat specific disease or infection for making an individual wellbeing
(Milani and et. al., 2017). It involves the way of analysing the mechanism of drug
and their effects to treat the cause of particular health problems, infection and
other relevant issue which impact positively on heal status to make it stable as
well as wellbeing. However, it includes the specific way of analysing the
biochemical, physiological as well as molecular impact of specific drug on body
which also consist the binding of receptor, post receptor effects and chemical
interactions accordingly.
In contrary to this, the pharmacokinetics can be described as branch of pharmacology

that remain concerned with the movement of drugs within the body. It includes the
main steps of several processes such as absorption, distribution and the two routes
of drug elimination, metabolism as well as excretion. However, it has been identified
that pharmacokinetics can also be known as action of body, what it does to a drug
and it consist the movement of specific drug into as well as throughout the human
body. It involves the entire movement of drug into the body at the time of carrying
out its mechanism for treating the specific health problem. Meanwhile, the
pharmacokinetics is responsible for studying the several aspects related to drug
movement in body including absorption, bioavailability, distribution, metabolism and
excretion respectively. Moreover, it consist the criterion of specific response of
human body to particular drug which results into desired health outcomes.
Qu13. Describe pharmacotherapeutics (150 words)
The pharmacotherapeutics can be defined as an important branch of pharmacology
that includes the study of the therapeutic utilisations as well as impacts of drugs. It
includes the criterion of understanding the beneficial effects and adverse effects of
specific drug on human body. Meanwhile, it consist the study of using drugs in order
to prevent, treat and diagnose particular health problem among people. It is also
favourable in terms of altering the normal physiological functions and activities of
human body (Alexander and et. al., 2019). It involves the criterion of using number of
therapies in order to treat the health problems for make an individual wellbeing.
However, it has been analysed that it includes number of steps including
identification of specific health condition to be treated, current drugs used by client,
possible drug interactions that may take place, client’s mental state, need follow up
testing, cost of drug, social history of an individual, route of administration and
current medical conditions should be considered to use pharmacotherapeutics for
wellbeing of an individual.
Qu14. NSAID medications can cause moderate to severe gastric upset. If you were to administer them
to your patient, what two (2) nursing considerations would be required when administering them to
avoid gastric upset?
1. It is required to provide anti-diarrheal drugs including Loperamide, Bismuth and
subsalicylate in order to recover severe gastric upset.
2. It includes to encourage client to strictly avoid caffeine, milk and dairy products
along with intake food rich in potassium.
Qu15. Why are Antacids (also known as acidifiers and alkalisers) taken two (2) hours apart from other
drugs? (100 words)

A. Antacids can be defined as the medication which is responsible for neutralising
the stomach acid in order to break down on heartburn, sour stomach, acid
indigestion and stomach upset. It is observed that some of antacids drugs are
accountable for consisting the simethicone that is known as an ingredient which
is helpful to human beings to get of gas (Alexander and et. al., 2017). However, it
has been analysed that antacids are generally taken two hours apart from any
other medications because it has property to affect the absorption of other drug
that impact negatively on their specific mechanism for treating specific health
problem among people.
Qu16. List three common anti-emetic medications
1. Aprepitant (Emend)
2. Dexamethasone (DexPak)
3. Granisetron (Kytril)
Qu17. What are four nursing considerations when applying transdermal patches?
1. It is necessary to ensure that skin is intact, non-irritated and non-irradiated.
2. It is required to avoid hairy areas if possible or clip excessive hair.
3. It includes that if the site requires to be cleaned before application then utilise
only clear water and let the skin dry completely (Alexander and et. al., 2019).
4. It is essential to remove the patch from its pouch and peel off half of its
protective liner.
Qu18. Complete the following table comparing the administration of subcutaneous injection and
intramuscular injections
SUBCUTANEOUS
INJECTION
INTRAMUSCLUAR
INJECTION
INJECTION NEEDLE SIZE One-half to five eighths of 1” to 1 ½” inch long

an inch long
SWAB SKIN (YES OR NO)
- INCLUDE ANY
EXCEPTIONS
Antiseptic solution Alcohol based solution
ANGLE OF NEEDLE WHEN
INSERTING INJECTION
45 degree of angle 90 degree of angle
DO YOU DRAW BACK FOR
BLOOD? YES OR NO
Yes No
Qu19. Describe why there may need to be an adjustment to the dose of a medication in the elderly?
(100 words). Give two reasons the older patients may need a different dose to the standard adult.
A. In context of elderly people, it has been analysed that there are specific immune
response of every individual and their medical needs are different due to which
medication dosage is required to be decided very carefully. It is necessary for
medical staff to diagnose the actual health condition of an individual along with
studying their medical history and genetic information according to appropriate
medication as well as respective dose can be provided to the for their wellness.
The reason behind need of different dose among older patients to standards
adult includes the slowed metabolism of human body due to which older people
cannot consume the strong dose as compared to adult (von Kügelgen, 2019). The
other reason includes the weak immune system and reduced immunity according
to which dose for older people are different than a standards adult respectively.
Qu20. What is the maximum daily dose of paracetamol written in grams?
A. The maximum daily dose of paracetamol can be around 4 grams (4000 mg).
Qu21. What class of drug is Captopril and what is it prescribed to treat?
A. Captopril refers to an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors that are used for
treatment of hypertension as well as several heart problems. It is favourable to
prevent the strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems. However, it has been

analysed that captopril has an important action in order to relax blood vessels so
that blood can flow easily (Zhou and et. al., 2018).
Qu22. You come across an unfamiliar drug on a patient’s medication chart. Who, or what, do you
consult to become familiar with this medication? List three places or people appropriate to consult.
1. The nursing staff associated with specific patient
2. The midwife in charge of patient
3. The specialist in charge for specific patient
Qu23. List four situations when a nurse should query a medication prescription?
1. It consists when a specific medication has an adverse outcome on condition of
patient.
2. It includes the situation when a client gets referred to another hospital for
specific treatment (Boezio and et. al., 2017).
3. It involves the situation when a patient has been shifted from intensive care unit
to normal wards.
4. It includes the situation when patient has complicated health condition and
medication has no effect on client condition then nurse make query for
medication prescription.
Qu24. Your patient has been commenced on an anticoagulant. Complete the table below to
demonstrate knowledge for the anticoagulants listed.
DRUG BLOOD TEST
USED TO
MONITOR
LEVELS
ROUTE/S
USED FOR
ADMINISTRA
TION
TWO (2)
INDICATIONS
REVERSAL
DRUG
WARFARIN Prothrombin
time test
Intravenous
route of
administratio
n
1. Ptophylaxis
2. Treatment of
venous
Ommission
of dose

thrombosis
HEPARIN Activated partial
thrombopalstin
time test
Intravenous
infusion or
subcutaneous
injection
1. Treatment of
acute and
chronic
2. Treatment of
pulmonary
embolism
Protamine
sulphate is a
medication
that is used
for reverse
effects of
heparin
ENOXAPARIN Anti-factor Xa
activity
Subcutaneou
s injection
under skin
1. Prevent
complication
of angina
2. Prevent
blood clots in
leg
Protamine
sulphate can
be used for
reverse
effects of
enoxaparin
Qu25. Describe what is meant by the term ‘half-life’ of a medication (50 words)
A. The half-life of medication can be defined as specific duration that has been taken
by specific drug for half of dose metabolised as well as eliminated from the blood
stream. It can be known to be a period of time a drug taken in order to be
reduced by half that is known as half-life of medication (Alexander and et. al.,
2019).
Qu26. When is the “Z track” injection technique is used? You need to write in what situations or for
what medications may you decide to use this technique, instead of the tradition IM technique. Why do
you sometimes want to protect the skin from the drug leaking back? Provide two reasons.
A. “Z track” injection technique refers to a kind of IM injection technique utilised for
preventing tracking (leakage) of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue
(under the skin). It has a reason for preventing the leakage into subcutaneous
tissue and for sealing the drug in muscles. However, it has another reason of
reducing skin irritation due to which Z tracking technique is used.

Qu27. A drug that produces its effects by activation of a receptor would be classified as:
A. Agonists activate receptors
Qu28. If you and another nurse perform a medication calculation and you each get a different answer
but you are sure that your answer is correct, what would you do? (100 words)
A. Considering the situation, it has been analysed that a nurse with accurate
calculation should suggest the colleague nurse to re-check their calculation by
suggestion own calculation outcome. It includes the requirement to consult from
senior nurse or more experienced staff in order to make appropriate decision of
medication dosage (Miotto and et. al., 2017). However, it is necessary for a nurse
to put client at centre and make sure appropriate dose of specific medicine
should be provided to them by ensuring the same via help of senior nurse. It will
facilitate to make sure correct calculation of medication dose which impact
positively on condition of patient to make them wellbeing.
Qu29. In adults, medications often have a set dose for all patients eg paracetamol is 1gm per dose for
everyone. However, for children the dose is different for each patient. What two things are different
about children’s bodies so they can’t all have the same dose unlike adults?
1. The dose of medication is small than adults because of their age factor and need
of body to recover from specific health problem.
2. The dose of medicine used for adults has heavy power for children that may have
severe effects of their health.
Qu30. In what common medical conditions affecting the airways, are Opioid cough suppressants such as
Codeine contraindicated? Make sure you answer is a medical condition not a sign or symptoms.
A. It includes number of medical conditions that are responsible for affecting the
airways such as asthma, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), chronic

bronchitis, emphysema, acute bronchitis and cystic fibrosis.
Q31. Providing patient information and education in relation to medication requirements is an
important role of the EN. Discuss three (3) considerations when teaching an elderly person about a new
drug they have been prescribed to ensure that they are able to hear and remember all the information
presented (250 words)
1. It includes providing appropriate information to elderly patient related to specific
new drug and the way of taking the same accurately. It is necessary for client to take
medication on time with accurate dosage and never miss their dose because it may
develop complications for them that creates problem because recovery is slow in
elderly people (Borea and et. al., 2018).
2. It includes making effective communication with elderly patient and evaluating their
comfort level to intake their medication by their own. It is necessary to clarify the
queries of elderly people and evaluate their conscious level to ensure that they can
take correct medication on time in order to recover from their particular health
problem. However, it includes the use of effective conversation which is favourable
to improve the knowledge of patient and make them completely understand about
specific dosage to be taken by following proper schedule. It will facilitate to enhance
the identify the need of nursing assistance regarding medication of independent
intake of the same to provide desired support for wellbeing of elderly client.
3. It includes to make sure that patient understand accurately about the intake of dose
and provide information about relevant symptoms of allergy related to specific drug.
It is very important to make them aware of relevant allergies and encourage client to
immediately consult from physician regarding such symptoms. Meanwhile, it has
been analysed that it is necessary for care professionals to quickly take action
regarding such allergies for avoiding complications and make client disease free
respectively.
Q32. Mrs Evans has been prescribed a course of Amoxicillin (a broad-spectrum antibiotic) for a UTI.
What advice would you give her in regard to both the administration and storage of her medication?
(100 words)
Administration of Amoxicillin
The Amoxicillin is available in firm of capsule, tablet, chewable tablet and as a suspension to
be taken by mouth. It is generally taken every 12 hours (twice a day) or every 8 hours (three
times in a day) with or without food. However, the duration of taking this medication

depends upon the specific health condition and its severity.
Storage of Amoxicillin
In context of Amoxicillin, it has been evaluated that capsules ad tables can be stored at room
temperature and away from excess heart as well as moisture (not in kitchen or bathroom). It
includes that liquid medication should be preferable kept in refrigerator but it may store at
room temperature. Do not free the medication liquid (Alexander and et. al., 2017).
Qu33. Define the term ‘broad-spectrum antibiotic’. Make sure you include information about the type
of bacteria that broad spectrum antibiotics destroy (50 words).
A. The term broad-spectrum antibiotic can be described as a kind of antibiotic which is
responsible to act on two major bacterial groups such as gram positive and gram
negative bacteria. It can also be considered as any antibiotic that has potential to act
against a wide range of disease causing bacteria.
Qu34. Mrs Evans has now been admitted to hospital due to Sepsis. The Dr has requested blood cultures
and a MSU be collected for culture and sensitivity testing. Discuss the purpose of C & S testing including
information about how the test is performed. (200 words)
A. In context of Mrs Evans, it has been analysed that care professionals has been
decided to carry out Culture & sensitivity testing in order to evaluate the actual
condition of patient. It is necessary for care professionals to identify actual health
problem of patient which facilitate to make appropriate decision making of
medication. However, it has been evaluated that septic condition of client which
helps to deliver accurate treatment which impact positively on their medical situation
in respect to make them wellbeing. It will provide support to avoid relevant
complications which facilitates to boost up the health condition of patient (Smith and
Badri, 2019). In addition to this, it has been identified that the purpose of C & S
testing as they has potential to find out the cause behind occurrence of specific
disease or infection among people. Meanwhile, it is observed that culture is a test in
terms of finding germs including bacteria or fungus which are responsible for causing
different types of infection. It is observed that sensitivity test is much effective as well
as efficient method which helps to check that what kind of medications such as
antibiotic which has potential to work best for treating specific illness or infection

respectively.
Qu35. 48 hours following the screening the C+S results have come back. The Dr has changed Mrs Evans’
medication to a new antibiotic regime. Outline two rationales for the change post C+S testing (200
words)
1. It has been analysed that urine culture and sensitivity can be utilised in order to
diagnose and screen for health problems or medical conditions related to urinary
tract infection. It is generally use for patients having specific health condition who are
experiencing symptoms such as frequent and painful urination. However, it has a
rationale to make some required changes in care plan with the help of providing new
as well as appropriate medications in order to improve health condition of Mrs Evans
wellbeing. Moreover, it will provide support to enhance the medical condition of
patients by providing accurate care services and make them wellbeing accordingly.
Qu36. Mrs Evan’s is having issues managing her medications at home. Identify two (2) drug
administration aids that may be used that can be implemented to aid Mrs Evan’s in remaining
independent with medication administration. Do not include people or phone apps in your answer.
1. Electronic prescribing of controlled substances and Bar-coded medication
administration systems.
2. Medication safety self-assessment for hospitals and Medication reconciliation
solutions
Qu37. List three medical conditions that may be treated using Digoxin
1. Heart failure

2. Atrial fibrillation
3. Arrhythmias
Qu38. Discuss the necessity for closely monitoring therapeutic digoxin levels for the patient (100 words)
A. The medication of digoxin has potential to treat the several conditions like heart
failure, irregular heartbeats and other heart related problems among human beings.
It is necessary for care professionals to provide accurate dosage of this medicine in
order to treatment specific health condition. However, it is very important for
medical practitioners to closely monitor the therapeutic digoxin levels for patient
because high levels of this medication is responsible for developing relevant toxicity
in body that cause harmful impact on patient’s condition. Moreover, it is required for
care professionals to carefully adjust the digoxin dosage according to the levels
measured.
Qu39. Identify two (2) diuretic medications. Choose medications that from a different group of diuretics
and write the group name that they belong to.
Describe six (6) nursing considerations for when you administer a diuretic to a patient. Considerations
can include before and after administration of a diuretic in order to keep the patient safe (150 words)
Make sure you do not include medical considerations.
Diuretic A: Chlorthalidone
Diuretic B: Indapamide

Nursing Considerations:
1. It is required for nursing staff to assess for the mentioned cautions and
contraindications in order to prevent any untoward complications.
2. It is necessary to perform via a physical assessment in terms of establishing baseline
information before drug therapy starts to identify effectiveness of any adverse effects
linked with drug therapy.
3. It consist the inspect skin for determining hydration status and have a baseline data
for effectiveness of drug therapy.
4. It is essential to assessing cardiopulmonary status for evaluating fluid movement as
well as state of hydration and it is also required to monitor the effects on heart and
lungs.
5. It is required to obtain an accurate body weight for providing baseline in terms of
monitoring fluid balance and it includes the criterion of evaluating liver status for
determining potential issues in drug metabolism.
6. It includes the consideration of monitoring the results of laboratory test including
serum electrolyte levels especially potassium and calcium. uric acid as well as glucose
levels etc. for determining drug’s effect.
Qu40. Explain why electrolytes need to be monitored for patients prescribed diuretic medications (150
words)
The electrolytes are required to be monitored in order to evaluate the response of specific
diuretic medication on human body. It is also favourable in terms of preventing the adverse
effects of specific medication provided which specifically influence the electrolyte
imbalances and decline in renal function. Meanwhile, it consist the use of appropriate
medication along with closely monitoring its effects for making patient wellbeing.

Q41. Mary Lou arrives post op following surgery. Outline how and why you would conduct a pain
assessment on Mary Lou (400 words)
A. Pain assessment is an important aspect which should be focused by care
professionals after the completion of surgery. It is favourable to identify the
infections and other relevant problems related to surgical wound and internal pain
that is helpful to identify internal issue of client. However, physical examination has
been carried out analyse the pain when patient is conscious and evaluate the results
of specific surgery along with identify need of severe pain or its cause to make
effective clinical action for wellbeing of patient. It is helpful to take immediate action
of severe pain and avoid relevant complications to make patients table very soon.
Your patient has reported 7 out of 10 on the numerical pain scale.
Qu42. List three (3) nursing measures or complementary pain management strategies that could be
used to alleviate pain and discomfort in this patient. Please remember that analgesia is not considered
complimentary pain management.
1. It includes to provide analgesics before surgery to manage the pain of patient and
make them feeling relief.
2. It is required to divert their pain by providing some interesting tools and took them to
area of greenery to divert the, from pain and improve their comfort level.
3. It is necessary to provide non-pharmacological pain management measures such as
cognitive behavioural therapy, massage, distraction, heat & cold applications to

manage the pain of patient.
Qu43. Describe three (3) subjective and objective observations a patient would report, that indicates
the effectiveness of pain relief management. (150 words)
SUBJECTIVE PAIN DATA
1. It includes that pain symptoms are reduced for patient.
2. An individual feeling relieved and remain comfortable
3. The patient is happy and comfortable.
OBJECTIVE PAIN DATA
1. The pain rate is 8 out of 10 after pain management therapy
2. The patient is looking confident and relaxed from pain
3. The pain rating is measured to be 9 out of 10.
Qu44. On assessment one (1) hour post-administration, your patient has become increasingly difficult
to rouse. Their GCS has decreased, and respiratory rate has fallen to 10 breaths per minute. Think about
what analgesia might have these side effects then explain how you would manage this situation (300
words)
A. The analgesic of morphine is responsible for causing such kind of side effects like
increasing difficulty to rouse, reduced GCS and reduced respiratory rate of patient. It
includes the criterion of providing the respective medication for managing these
symptoms and immediately stop the administration of morphine. However, it
includes to treat the effects of morphine and improve their condition by taking quick
action.
Qu45. Describe the difference between enteric coated and sustained-release medications (150 words)

A. The enteric coated medications perform their task via keeping the drug’s active
ingredient from releasing until it has gone all the way through the stomach along with
arriving in small intestine. In contrary to this, sustained release medication are
dosage forms that are formulated to design for releasing a drug at a predetermined
rate in terms of maintaining a constant drug concentration for a particular duration of
time with minimum side effects.
Qu46. What education must you provide to your patient regarding their self-administration enteric
coated and sustained-release medications? (100 words)
A. The education for patient includes the way of eating these medications according to
their performance of mechanism. It includes to make client aware that they should
take meal before and after specific time of intake medication and never eat
something immediately after taking drug. However, it is required to encourage them
to take medication properly to facilitate effective action of it to make their health
wellbeing.
Qu47. Your patient has been taking Panadeine Forte on a regular basis for the past week. He complains
that he is constipated, telling you he has not moved his bowels for 5 days. Describe four (4) suggestions
you would make to your patient regarding management of his constipation, in relation to diet and
medication (400words)
1. It is necessary to reduce dosage of Panadeine if it is necessary for patient otherwise
change the medicine.

2. It is suggested that specific medication for constipation should be provided.
3. Encourage patient to take liquid and light food to maintain electrolyte balanced.
4. The warm siz bath and hemorrhoidal for reducing rectal discomfort of cleint
Qu48. Which medication would be prescribed during an acute asthma attack? Give the generic name.
A. Albuterol
Generic name: Albuterol sulfate
Qu49. Identify two routes that bronchodilators can be administered via the respiratory tract.
1. Oral route
2. Nasal route
Qu50. Describe the mode of action of salbutamol (300words)
A. In context of mode of action of salbutamol, it has been analysed that it is responsible
for opening the medium, and large airways in the lungs. It can be considered as short
acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist that is responsible for performing via causing
relaxation of airway smooth muscle.

Qu51. Provide an example of a preventer inhaler an asthmatic patient may be prescribed.
A. Beclometasone
Qu52. Briefly explain the role of insulin in the blood and why a patient with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is
required to have regular insulin.
A. The insulin is an important hormone which has function of managing the levels of
blood glucose into cells. It is required for insulin to move blood sugar into cells where
the glucose is stored and later used for energy. With type 1 diabetes, beta cells
produce little or no insulin due to which glucose level become high among patients an
effect their health severely.
Qu53. List two (2) commonly prescribed insulins in the management of Type 1 Diabetes and a common
adverse effect of insulin
1. Lispro
2. Aspart
Common Adverse Effect of insulin is: low blood sugar, weight gain. lumps or scars and rash
on site of injection.
Qu54. What does the abbreviation ADR stand for?
A. Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)

You have just received handover for Mrs Wilson and you are about to commence her
medication round.
You have the following order for Metoprolol that you must administer at 0800hrs.
Date:
23/5/18
Medication (Generic Name):
Metoprolol
Route:
PO
Dose: Frequency:
50mg BD
Prescriber Signature: Print Your Name:
Smith Smith
Contact:
#1234
Qu54. a. List two (2) indications for which this medication would be ordered.
b. Identify three (3) general nursing considerations related to this medication.
c. Identify two (2) rationales for withholding this medication
ANSWERS
INDICATIONS FOR
METOPROLOL
1. It includes providing metoprolol twice a day.
2. The specific dose of metoprolol is 50 mg for two times that is 100 mg
for a day.
THREE (3) NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS
FOR METOPROLOL
1. It is required to provide proper dosage of metoprolol on time and
make sure that patient have proper meal before the medication.
2. It includes monitoring the body response regarding metoprolol and
closely evaluating its adverse effects if observed.
3. It is required to make few of change in medications according to
health condition of patient if required.
TWO (2) REASONS
YOU WOULD
1. It includes reason of occurring adverse effects.

WITHHOLD
METOPROLOL
2. It includes the reason of not gaining desired potential effects of
metoprolol to make an individual wellbeing.
You have just received handover for Mrs Wilson and you are about to commence her
medication round. For the following medication order:
PRN
Date:
22/5/18
Medication (Generic Name):
GTN
Route:
Sublingua
l
Dose: Frequency:
500micrograms
Every 5 minutes max of 3 tablets
within 15 minutes
Prescriber Signature: Print Your Name:
Smith Smith
Contact:
#1234
Qu55.
a. Outline one reason / condition this medication would be ordered for.
b. Identify three (3) general nursing considerations related to this
medication.
c. Identify a single (1) rationale for withholding this medication.
ANSWERS
INDICATIONS FOR GTN 1. It includes to provide every specific dose of 500 micrograms
2. It involves to criterion of providing 3 tablets in every 15 minutes that
means one tablet in every 5 minutes.
THREE (3) NURSING
CONSIDERATIONS FOR
GTN
1. It includes to provide dose
accurately.
2. It is required to provide the information to client for
making them ware of taking proper medications by
following desired duration of after taking meals.

3. It includes the way of monitoring effects of this
medication to evaluate its positive and negative effects for
making changes on medicine if required.
ONE (1) REASON YOU
WOULD WITHHOLD GTN
1. It consist the adverse effects of
medication to change the same for
patient.
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