Project-Based Learning & Risk Management

This assignment explores the implementation of project-based learning in classrooms by examining teachers' perceptions. Additionally, it delves into the translation of research into practical models, with a focus on risk management in project-based learning environments. The assignment covers six key project constraints and various tools, methods, and approaches for monitoring and evaluation.

Planning a Work-Based Team
Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION:.............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION:
Projects are always executed and completed in a team. A team refers to a group of people
who work together to achieve a common goal. They integrate their efforts so that goals can be
achieved in effective way (Pheng, 2018). Every person is assigned with different roles and
responsibilities according to their skills and abilities. They perform tasks and duties by
communicating with each other. A team consists of diversified people who give creative ideas to
complete the assigned tasks. Project management means planning, organising and implementing
a project. This report will describe the way in which a project is completed by developing a
team. It will show what resources are required in project and how activities are carried out.
Moreover, the way performance of team members is evaluated and what recommendations are
taken to make improvements in the project will be discussed (Helyer, 2015).
TASK 1
Aims and objectives of the project
Aim: To open an amusement park as a recreation point for people of Malta
Objectives:
 To enhance the quality of life of people in Malta
 For growth and development of Malta
 To provide tourist spot to people
 To provide a playing area for children and people
Propose roles and responsibilities of team members
The team will consists of 10 key members which will have various responsibilities. Each
member will be accountable to each other. They will all contribute in planning what activities
and task have to be performed (Parihar, Bhar, and Srivastava, 2015). Each member will be
given one particular department. For example- Human resource, finance, supply chain,
operations, etc. member will be responsible for carrying out activities of their division. They will
be assigned different goals according to their unit. Like supply chain member will be responsible
for communicating with suppliers and ensuring that stock is available in right quantity. Similarly,
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member handling finance unit will ensure that funds are distributed in appropriate manner so that
each unit should have enough resources to perform activities.
Finance- To analyse budget of activities and to find manage funds in different departments.
Also, to coordinate with stakeholder regarding use of resources. By maintaining appropriate
resources to perform tasks (Habók and Nagy, 2016).
Human resource- To plan how many workers are needed to complete project. Also, what skills
and abilities should are needed for that project.
Supply chain- To communicate with suppliers and ensuring that stock is available in right
quantity.
Operations- To manage operations between different departments. Also, to assign goals and
provide brief on what task will be performed by whom and when.
Management- To manage and develop procedure to carry out activities. Also, to measure
performance of labour and monitor project performance ( Cockburn and Cockburn-Wootten,
2017).
Identify the constraints on the project
The project may go through certain limitations that may affect its overall efficiency.
Every project are having six constraints. Thus, the amusement park also contains these
constraints as described below:-
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Illustration 1: 6 project constraints
(Source: The 6 project constraints, 2016)

Cost- It is the most variable constraint that may affect overall project. The cost may increase due
to some factors. Thus, for managing cost, quality of project may have to be reduced.
Time- Time plays a crucial role in the completion of project. It may or may not be completed on
time (Hall, and Zierler, 2015).
Scope- If activities are not completed on time, it will lead to more time consuming of project.
Also, if risk factors are not controlled then it may affect the overall project’s cost, quality and
time.
Risk- It included risk assessment. If any risk factors occurs then it may increase delivery of
project as well as cost.
Resources- This means if resources are not available on time, it may increase the time period of
park. Also, for completing it on time, alternative resources may have to be used that can affect
both; cost and quality (Moneta, 2017) Alternative resources can be expensive that increases the
cost or they may be of low quality that will affect overall quality of park.
Quality- If the quality team finds that resources used are of low quality then it may increase time
and cost of project. It is because; additional resources can be required that will increase the cost.
Also, delivery of resources may take time that results in more time to deliver.
These constraints are interrelated to each other. If any of them occur then it will lead to
affect the other one. Thus, all must be properly analysed in order to complete project in specific
time period (Agyeman and Platt, 2016).
Propose ways of monitoring and evaluating the project
It is important to monitor the activities of project so that loop wholes can be found and
improvements can be made. This will help in smooth flow of activities and thus, park will be
completed on time. Also, each activity must be evaluated in order to determine its cost and
quality. It is done so that according to same, next activity can be planned. There are several ways
of M&E of the project.
Performance indicators- In this, standards are set so that performance can be measured
accordingly. It measures process, inputs, outputs, etc. (Luecking and Luecking, 2015). It will
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help in setting the targets and monitoring progress towards same. Also, impact of results can be
determined with this.
Rapid appraisal methods – In this, surveys can be done to measure the project’s performance.
Feedback can be taken from stakeholders, customers, etc. This will help in identifying the weak
areas and thus, improving them.
Formal survey- The purpose is to collect information from various people. It will help in
identifying the present condition of project and changes that can be done.
Cost benefit- In this, tools are used to analyse the cost of completing an activity (Rogers,
Pawlik and Shwom, 2016). With this, actual cost can be compared with the standard cost. It will
help in finding out the cost benefit.
Impact evaluation- It is a systematic identification of effects of factors on project. Generally,
environmental factors are monitored with this.
1.4 The project was monitored by using performance indicators. It helped in evaluating how each
activity has been done and what resources were utilised in it. Along with this, project was
monitored by taking feedback from stakeholders. It helped in identifying weak areas so that it
can be improved.
TASK 2
Physical, financial and human resources needed for the project
Every project requires these three basic resources. It helps in executing and completing
the project. It is very important to identify right quality and quantity of resources (Parihar, Bhar,
and Srivastava, 2017) This is because; it can have a huge impact on the project. If sufficient
amount of resources are not identified, it can hamper the overall project management.
Physical resources- They are materials or goods that are needed for project. They can tangible
resources that includes assets, goods, etc. For example- equipments, machinery, etc. In this it is
analysed that which resources are the most essential. These resources differ in various project
and depends upon its nature and size (Nelson, and Staggers, 2016) It is necessary to identify in
advance the type of resources requires so that it will maintain smooth flow of activities. Project
required raw materials and other resources that are needed to complete a project.
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Financial resources-It consists of funds and investment that is required in building park. For
this, right amount or figure must be identified. Capital should be available in sufficient amount to
have an idea about what activities can be performed. Also, how much workforce can be hired
and what resources are needed (Granlund and Egeröd, 2015). If enough capital is not there then
delivery of project will be late leading to increase in the cost. It is estimated that 1800 million
Euros was required for completing overall project.
Human resources- Effective manpower is required to organise and perform activities so that
common goals can be attained. They must be experienced and qualified to manage the tasks and
operations. A team must consists of individuals with different skills and abilities (Garnett,
Abraham and Abraham, 2016) It will help in creative thinking as well as in completing the
project. A large number of man power is required to perform each activity of project. They are
the main pillars of building theme park in Malta. Almost , 3000-5500 human resource are
required for this project.
Activities that each team member will carry out
With regards to responsibilities mentioned above of team members they must
perform several activities. Member managing human resource should plan how many workers
are needed to complete project. Also, what skills and abilities should he or she possesses.
Moreover, from which source workers can be hired. Besides this, by identifying the need of work
force in project HR must estimate number of labour and then submit report to finance so that
budget can be allotted.
In similar way, member managing supply chain division will be responsible for
communicating with suppliers and ensuring that stock is available in right quantity (Parihar,
Bhar, and Srivastava, 2015). He must search out different supplier so that their cost can be
compared. With this he will choose supplier. Also, his role will be ensuring that raw materials
are available in right quantity. By comparing cost report is submitted to finance unit so that
budget is allotted.
Risk assessment for the project
Every project faces risks till its is completed. It is because projects are designed to take
advantage of opportunities. So they will have to face risk and challenges. For this risk
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management plan is used and applied. It involves various stages that helps in risk assessment
(Habók, and Nagy, 2016). The risk of Amusement park can be calculated on the basis of its
ability to hamper environment. There are several factors that can occur. First is risk of having
earthquake in that area can affect Amusement park.
Risk assessment:
Risk involved Impact of risk Measures taken
Time High To ensure project is completed
on time , schedule is
developed. It will help in
completing activities on time.
Cost High To maintain cost of project,
each activity will be allocated
proper amount of resources.
Interim and completion timescales for the project
For organising activities and deciding resources requires takes time. Moreover, in case of
any circumstances park will be constructed in not more than three years (Cockburn, and
Cockburn-Wootten, 2017). But in occurrence of any factor it can take more time than mentioned
to complete the project. In this gantt chart is developed to show the timescales of project.
Task Name Duration Start Finish
Development of project
charter 5 days 23 March
2018
29 March
2018
Resource requirements 15 days 30 March
2018 19 April 2018
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Development of goals and
objectives 2 days 20 April
2018 23 April 2018
Setting deadlines 5 days 20 April
2018 26 April 2018
Scope of project 5 days 24 April
2018 30 April 2018
Collection of data 15 days 27 April
2018 17 May 2018
WBS structuring 6 days 01 May 2018 08 May 2018
Planning of budget 3 days 18 May 2018 22 May 2018
Assuring quality 10 days 09 May 2018 22 May 2018
Training of team 12 days 23 May 2018 07 June 2018
Change control integration 10 days 23 May 2018 05 June 2018
Monitoring and control of
project 3 days 08 June 2018 12 June 2018
Checking of quality 5 days 06 June 2018 12 June 2018
Evaluation of project 10 days 13 June 2018 26 June 2018
Areas of modification 10 days 13 June 2018 26 June 2018
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TASK 3
Personal and team log which records the activities
There were many activities that was carried out by different people after planning. These
activities involved organising, implementing, evaluating and monitoring of project. A team was
built to maintain and record what activities are completed and who did it.
Date Project responsibilities Activities
23/1/2017 Management- to plan and organise
activities to each department
Planning what activities will be
done by whom and when
30/3/2017 Finance – To plan and estimate budget Allocating budgets to department
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of each department according to their goals.
5/4/2017 Human resource- To manage and
maintain records of labour
To plan how many labours are
needed and appropriate source of
hiring them.
15/6/2017 Supply chain- To handle and coordinate
with suppliers
To find out the best supplier and
total cost of raw materials
needed.
25/7/2017 Quality check – in this stakeholder check
the quality of project and each activity.
This is done to find out whether
project has met set standards or
not.
3.1 The team involved a variety of people and every single person was having an influence on
the overall rate of the processing. Some well known and basic examples of the people involved
includes HR manager, director, administration etc. The role of HR is to provide a direction that
can help all the employees to process the operations in a right way so that it can help the
company to achieve all their targets and goals
Personal and team log recording the problems and solutions
Date Project responsibilities Problems Solutions
31/1/2017 Management- to plan and
organise activities to each
department
Overall plans were not
properly developed.
Before performing next
activity proper planning
was done
7/5/2017 Finance – To plan and
estimate budget of each
department
Funds was not
sufficient in HR unit to
recruit labour.
Labour was hired on
monthly basis rather
than daily.
19/7/2017 Human resource- To manage
and maintain records of
labour
There was shortage of
labour during festive
seasons
Project was kept on
hold in those seasons.
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5/9/2017 Supply chain- To handle and
coordinate with suppliers
The raw material got
waste due to
insufficient warehouse
Only required raw
materials was brought
to reduce the wastage.
25/2/2017
TASK 4
Analysis of data from the project
4.1 After completing project the data and information collected from people and stakeholder
were analysed and presented in written format. According to finance department it the budget
given for this project was around 5000 million Euros (Hall, and Zierler, 2015). It was allotted
in different phases. It means that for completing first phase 1050 million Euros was allotted.
 According to human resource management total number of workers that was hired
5000. the time given for completing park was 2 years. It was find out that
designing of project took more days as expected. There was almost 15 days
extended in this phase.
 During construction stage, there was problem of finance. The construction was
stopped for 10 days.
 Moreover, total cost of project came was 1500 million Euros.
Findings/outcomes from the project.
The planning of project done by team reflects upon its outcomes. It shows that team have
effectively planned the entire project layout and also created a roadmap on how activities will be
performed (Luecking, and Luecking, 2015). This helped us in finding out what outcomes can be
achieved by this. By this team members worked upon defined task. Outcomes generated
provided way in which operations can be performed.
4.2 findings
 It was found that the construction phase was completed in less time. This was
done by hiring 200 more workers. For this more wages was paid to them.
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 It was found that quality check was completed in 10 days. It helped in taking
further step in project.
 The overall quality of each activity was closely observed. It helped in maintaining
efficiency of project.
 Each team member performed their role in effective way. They also help and
supported each other.
4.3 A range of communications kills have helped in increasing the efficiency of the project on an
overall basis. It is because an efficiency in the interaction with the other co workers and team
members play a very important role because by such ways, one can discuss their ideas as well as
issues with them. BY having an efficient interaction and communication skills with the co
workers, the discussion can become more easy and also, it can help in achieving the objectives at
a much faster rate. Thus, efficiency in communication skills play an important role for making
improvements in the overall processing of all the processes and operation
TASK 5
Evaluation of own performance
During project I analysed that by working in a team goals and objectives can be achieved
easily. Also, I effectively performed my role that I took. I managed and monitored the
performance and assigned roles to members. I found out that my performance was not so good, it
was average. At times I was not able to solve critical problems. Thus, I was lacking problems
solving skills. But I easily took decisions regarding what task can be done in creative way and
who will do it. This enables the team to complete project on time. If any team member was
absent than I took the responsibility to perform the task of that person. This helped me to
enhance my knowledge and skills. By taking the feedback of others I observed that I was very
good and worked hard in project. My team members gave feedback that I came to a result that I
got nervous in critical situation and that affected my performance. It was because I was not able
to handle the situation. I was not able to think what I have to do or not. I took decisions without
analysing its affects. This hampered my efficiency in certain problems. I took finance department
as I was having experience in it. I estimated cost for each activity and then provided funds to it.
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This helped my team members to work effectively. This role provided me extra knowledge of
how manage capital. I searched out various sources through which funds can be borrowed in case
of emergency. Then I analysed the effect of each source and its impacts on project.
I communicated with each other regularly in order to find out their needs. I took feedback
from stakeholders and made changes in budgets. I coordinated with suppliers to ensure that raw
materials are available on right time and in proper quantity. I also ensured that cost of project
does not exceed with time.
Along with finance sometimes I handled operations department. I was able to coordinate
Evaluation of the team’s performance
My team members performance was very good as I was expecting. They performed their
roles and responsibilities very well and it leads to completion of amusement park on time. I
know very well how they performed in critical situations and gave their best. Each member was
assigned different department. They all coordinated with each other continuously to ensure what
activity has been done and now what they have to do. Members were easily able to solve
problem that enabled smooth flow of operations. Also, whenever conflict arise they all discussed
together and sole them.
But I analysed that if they put have put more efforts in their work then project must have
been completed before deadline. This would have been achievement for team. Feedback given
by stakeholders shows that in certain areas like human resource and operations. Human resource
was responsible for hiring unskilled labour on daily wages for constructing amusement park.
But they did not hired enough labour. This affected the project as search for new labour wasted a
lot of time for project. Due to this operations was going smoothly and it lead to delay in other
activities. So I came to a result that overall team performance was average and it could have been
improved further.
5.2 HR manager – he played his role very effectively. Also, he looked after all the activities
related to work force and controlled and managed accordingly.
Finance manager - he ensured that proper amount of finance is available for each activity. It
helped in making proper use of finance.
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Quality manager- He ensured that each activity is performed is effective way so that quality can
be evaluated.
Recommendations for improvement for future projects
By evaluating the overall performance of project there are some recommendations that
can be given. It is as follows:-
 Each member should be provided support in case of emergency. It will help in planning
and organising activities in effective manner. Also, before implementing a plan its pros
and cons must be evaluated to find out what impact it will have on project.
 There must always be back up plan of failure of any activity or in shortage of resources.
This will help in smooth flow of operations with getting delayed.
 Human resource department must make a plan on how many skilled and unskilled labour
are needed. Also, they must have a back up source of recruiting workers in case of
shortage or absence of any person.
 A proper communication channel must be established or created so that each member
should now who is he accountable to. Also, they will follow that structure that will lead
to proper communication between them.
CONCLUSION:
This assignment concludes that a project is completed wit the help of a team. Each
member is given different role and responsibilities according to his skills and capabilities. They
integrate their efforts to achieve common goal. If each member performs his role and
responsibilities than project can be completed on time. Also, it is important to monitor the
activities of project so that loop wholes can be found out and improvements can be made. Every
project requires these three basic resources. It includes physical, financial, human resources. It
helps in executing and completing project. Every project faces risks till its is completed. It is
because projects are designed to take advantage of opportunities. At last the overall project that
is amusement park was successfully developed.
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REFERENCES:
Books and journals:
Agyeman, J. and Platt, C.A.A., 2016. Food Justice: Critical Approaches in Policy and Planning
Fall 2015.
Cockburn, T. and Cockburn-Wootten, C., 2017. Nimbyville team project exercise discussion
paper.
Garnett, J., Abraham, S. and Abraham, P., 2016. Using work-based and work-applied learning to
enhance the intellectual capital of organisations. Journal of Work-Applied
Management.8(1). pp.56-64.
Granlund, M. and Egeröd, O., 2015. Long-term Motivation of Generation Y in Project Based
Work Environments: A study of how project leaders can cope with motivational challenges
concerning the most recent generation in the work force.
Habók, A. and Nagy, J., 2016. In-service teachers’ perceptions of project-based
learning. SpringerPlus, 5(1), p.83.
Hall, L.W. and Zierler, B.K., 2015. Interprofessional Education and Practice Guide No. 1:
developing faculty to effectively facilitate interprofessional education. Journal of
interprofessional care.29(1). pp.3-7.
Helyer, R., 2015. The work-based learning student handbook. Palgrave Macmillan.
Luecking, D.M. and Luecking, R.G., 2015. Translating research into a seamless transition
model. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals.38(1). pp.4-13.
Moneta, G.B., 2017. Applications of flow to work. Flow at Work: Measurement and
Implications. p.119.
Nelson, R. and Staggers, N., 2016. Health Informatics-E-Book: An Interprofessional Approach.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Parihar, S., Bhar, C. and Srivastava, N.K., 2015. A Project Risk Management Methodology
Based on Probabilistic and Non-probabilistic Approach: A Study on Transmission Line
Installation Projects. Jindal Journal of Business Research.4(1-2). pp.27-45.
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Parihar, S., Bhar, C. and Srivastava, N.K., 2017. Assessment of environmental risk from the
project team’s perspective in electrical transmission line installation projects. Vision.21(2).
pp.162-171.
Pheng, L.S., 2018. Project Quality Management. In Project Management for the Built
Environment (pp. 113-125). Springer, Singapore.
Rogers, P., Pawlik, L. and Shwom, B., 2016. What Do Formal Communications Contribute to
Knowledge-Intensive Project Work?.
Online:
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<https://resources.workfront.com/project-management-blog/the-6-project-constraints>
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