This report focuses on the role of HR in an organization and the importance of financial management. It discusses motivational theories related to HR and provides an overview of sources of finance. The report also includes a discussion on the role of a financial manager and the allocation of funds.
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3 Role of Human resource in an organisations...................................................................................3 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................8 Importance of financial management:.............................................................................................8 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................12
INTRODUCTION Human resource is a set of people who make workforce of company in order to perfom work effectively. The report focus on Mark and Spencer, which is multinational retailer company and has its headquarter in London, England.The report elaborate about role of HR and theories related with motivation and HR. Role of Human resource in an organisation. Human resource is used to describe who work for company in selecting or recruiting potential candidates. HR plays vital role in company that includes recruiting and selecting, training and development and screening(Macke and Genari, 2019). HR manager coordinate workforce to best use of employees' skills and talent and try to resolve issues that occur between employees and management.The main role of HR which is crucial for company and its growth will be discussed below: Employees Motivation Every company wants to see that its employees flourish and do their best. M&S must provide them all necessary tools or equipments that they need to succeed. Employees are the most vital aspects of any organisation for its success (Nieves and Quintana, 2018). Therefore, employees need to be motivated in order to engaged, productive and effective at work. HR managers should responsible for maintaining positive environment so that employees feel more secure and motivated and do their extra in order complete their job effectively. Motivation Motivation refered a process that try to guide and retain goal oriented behaviour among employees. Motivation is action of willingness or need that requires for satisfaction. These desires can be satisfied through influence of lifestyle, culture or society. Herzbergs 2-way theory : Herzbergs two way theory tries to include motivation factor at workplace. This theory includes two main factors like motivators and hygiene factor. According to this theory, motivators and hygiene are important factors to determine motivation in workplace.
Motivational factors–This factor is essential to encourage employees to work harder so that they perform better and increase efficiency. Motivational factors lead to develop positive satisfaction among employees (Njoku, 2020). These factors refers as satisfiers and M&S must include this in performing a particular job because employees find this factors intrinsically satisfying. Motivators factors includes- Sense of Achievement- At M&S, workforce should develop sense of achievement and it usually depend on job. Recognition- Employees must be recognised or praised at workplace for their accomplishments or achievement by managers. Growth opportunities–M&S must provide advancement and growth opportunities so that it motivate employees to perform well. Responsibility– Employees should hold themselves accountable for their work and managers should provide them ownership of work. Manager ensure to decrease control but maintain accountability. Hygiene factor– This factor provide satisfaction to employees but only for short duration. However, hygiene factor is essential in M&S as its non existence will lead to dissatisfaction at workplace(Aguenza and Som, 2018). This factor also refer as maintenance factor because they are required to control dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors also identifies as physiological needs which employee wanted to be fulfilled. This factors includes following elements: Status- M&S must determine status of its employees and it should be familiar or retained. Job security- M&S must provide job security to all its employees. For example, provides control access to gates and security officers. Working conditions- Working conditions at M&S need to be clean and safe for example, tools and equipments must be updated. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory - Maslow's hierarchy needs theory is explaining human motivation is based on various levels of needs. This theory explain that human needs are motivated to satisfy their needs in a hierarchical
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order from basic to advanced needs. Following are factors that includes in this theory: Physiological needs It is lowest level of Maslow's theory that includes most important things that an individual need in order to survive. Basic necessity includes shelter, waster, food and health. M&S make sure to provide pure water, canteen facility and healthy surroundings so that physiological need is satisfy among employees. Safety needs This is second need of Maslow's hierarchy of needs that includes security or safety needs. An individual need to feel safe and secure in their surroundings. As per this theory, motivation comes from need for protection from dangerous situations. For example, M&S must provide protection to its employees in regards with protecting tools and proper equipments to perform their job well (Ștefan, Popa and Albu, 2020). Love and belongingness needs This need relates with love and belongingness. This hierarchy level determines need for family, friendship and love. Every individual need to receive love and feel that they belong to group. M&S must host social activities and provide more opportunities so that it increase higher rate of employment engagement. Esteem needs Esteem need is related to an individual's gain, recognition and status. Once a person is fulfilled their love and belongingness needs then they seek for their esteem needs. For example, M&S need to provide positive feedback and encouragement to all its employees. Offering continuous appreciation to employees may positively impact esteem. However, if M&S provides feedback in a form of review than employees esteem may decrease. Self Actualization needs This is last need of Maslow's hierarchy needs and it relates with realization of a person's full potential. At this stage, an individual strive to become the best at workplace. For instance, M&S must focus on employees' skills and capabilities so that it help them to advance their career
(Hopper, 2019). If employee is self-actualised than they feel more trusted that encourages more growth. Motivation factors that M&S used M&S has now become well known on British high street as it caters wide range of customer requirements.Company also acheive developemt and growth as company has abiltiy to satisfy ever changing requirement of cusotmer baseMark and Spencer's main vision is to provide maximum quality products and services and builts on core values of service, innovation and trust. Company also aim to provide standardin which it care more about environment and community and to work in order to provide more sustainable products.M&S already took various methods in order to motivates its employees without spending much on its benefits budget. For example, company offer yearly bonus, provides huge incentives and increase employeesengagement.Companyalsoensurethatitsprovidegrowthanddevelopment opportunities to all its employees that allow them to succeed(Calnan, 2020).With more than 75000 employees across the world, M&S mainky focuses on technology for instance, its social media network that is Yammer benefits employees to work together and also wish them for their hardwork.M&Soffersinnovativerecognitionorappreciationatworkplacesothatit acknowledg workers that perform best.
REFERENCES Nieves, J. and Quintana, A, 2018.Human resource practices and innovation in the hotel industry: The mediating role of human capital.Tourism and Hospitality Research.18(1). pp.72-83. Macke, J. and Genari, D, 2019. Systematic literature review on sustainable human resource management.Journal of cleaner production.208. pp.806-815. Njoku, E.C., 2020. Impact of psychological empowerment and stress coping strategies on work performance of industrial workers in owerri.African Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences.10(2). pp.236-247. Aguenza,B.B.andSom, A.P.M.,2018.Motivationalfactorsofemployeeretentionand engagement in organizations.International Journal of Advances in Agriculture Sciences. Ștefan, S.C., Popa, Ș.C. and Albu, C.F., 2020. Implications of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory on healthcare employees’ performance.Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences.16(59). pp.124-143. Hopper, E., 2019. Maslow's hierarchy of needs explained.Viitattu.12.p.2019. Calnan, 2020.Available through:<https://employeebenefits.co.uk/issues/may-2015/marks-and- spencer-takes-a-mixed-approach-to-staff-motivation/>
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INTRODUCTION Financial management is define as an area of functions in company which determine profitability, cash and expenses so that company have resources to carry out its objectives. It also define as strategic planning, controlling, financial resources and directing in an organisation. The report elaborates about importance of financial management within an organisation and role of financial manager. Lastly, the report discuss about sources of finance. Importance of financial management: Financial planning play important role in management operations. Following are importance of financial management : Financial Planning Financial planning is an essential function of financial management as it is associated with every financial necessity needed in business. Financial Planning need to take prompt and accurate measures for company rather worries at later stage of financial management. Financial planning consider a vital area that is connected with business concern. Generally, success of any business mostly depend on financial planning (Damayanti, Murtaqi and Pradana, 2018). It also encourages staff member to save money that helps them in accurate financial planning. Investment Opportunities Investment opportunities will assist an organisation to create wealth so that it will enjoy development and growth. Company can make investment as per need and risk ability. Company must make investment so that it raise more capital and gain returns. Hence, financial manager should ensure that it invest in safe or profitable ventures. Economic Growth If financial planning is done carefully than it will lead to successful venture. Company must do financial planning for its economic growth. Proper financial management help an organisation improves its transparency and speediness in management. Additionally, timely management of funds and revenue helps to reduce cost of funds and increase organisational value. Estimate Capital It is foremost responsibility of financial management to estimate required capital for an
organisation. There are several areas that company used financial planning and implementation for instance, expansion or modernization of its business and meet day to day working capital requirements. Money management Financial management is also responsible for effectively managing funds. Funds are most important source for conducting its various activities such as payments of bills, meeting liabilities, purchase of tools or necessary equipments and maintaining proper stock. Financial management is used for utilizing resources. It can be conclude that financial management is very essential to plan, organize, operate and monitor financial resources for achieving overall objectives and goals (Thom, 2019). Role of financial Manager : Financial activities are essential part for firm but at the same time most complex activities as well. Financial manager will make sure that all financial activities are perform well and company meet all requisites. Financial manger is responsible to takes care of all financial functions. Below paragraph provide roles of financial manager: Planning for profits Profit earning is vital for every organisation for its survival and sustenance in marketplace. Therefore, to earn maximum profits is one of the primary functions. It refers as proper usage of profit that is generated by company. Profit may occurs through many factors like industry competition, state of economy and cost or output. Fixed costs are occurred by an organisation with use of fixed factors of production that includes machinery. It essential to regularly value depreciation cost of fixed cost of production. Therefore, fixed cost may cause huge fluctuations in profit. Capital Market An accurate understanding of capital market is foremost requirement of financial management and therefore financial manager play important function to carefully examine capital market. As shares are traded on stock exchange and there is a purchase and sale of securities. Financial manager should understand and examine risk involved in trading of share because when securities are traded in stock market than it involves a huge amount of risk. 9
It is also responsibility of a financial manager to carefully distribute profits. As few investors doesn't agree that company distribute profits amongst shareholders instead they want to invest in the business itself to improve development in future. Allocation of funds Company raised funds through different channels now essential function is to allocate funds properly. Funds need to be allocated by financial manager in such a manner that they are effectively used. In order to allocate funds in the best way then financial manger should consider size of company and growth capabilities. Status of assets whether it is short or long term and lastly mode of funds. Activities of financial management will influence other managerial activities in direct or indirect way. Sources of finance : Sources of finance for business are mainly includes equity, retained earnings, long term or short term loans, working capital loans, retained earnings and venture funding. All these sources of funds used in various conditions. They are usually classified on basis of time period, control and ownership. Therefore, it is best to evaluate each source of capital before opting any of it. Sources of finance are most crucial area specifically for those entrepreneurs who wants to start new business and perhaps the most critical path of all efforts. There are various sources of capital that a company can use on the basis of various parameters. Sources of finance are required in company on basis of time period in which funds are required (Vinczeova and Kascakova, 2017). Long term Long term finance means that company required capital for longer period of time that almost includes 5 years to 15 or 20 years or may be depending on some other factors. Capital expenditures in fixed assets includes machinery and plant, land an building of businesses that used for long term sources of finance. Long term sources of finance can be in the form of share capital, preference capital, retained earnings, debentures and ventures funding and international financing through foreign currency loans and ADR or GDR. Short term Short term financing means that an organisation required finance for short period of time like for 1 or less than one year. Requirement of short term finance arises so that company finance
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current assets that includes stock of raw materials or finished goods, minimum amount of bank or cash balance and debtors etc. Short financial also refereed as working capital financing. The following are short term finances that are available in form of creditors, payables, advances received from customers, factoring services and fixed deposits for less than one year. Sources of finance is classified on basis of ownership or control of business (Oseifuah, 2017). 11
REFERENCES Damayanti, S.M., Murtaqi, I. and Pradana, H.A., 2018. The importance of financial literacy in a global economic era.The Business & Management Review.9(3). pp.435-441. Thom, M., 2019. Teaching public financial management: an integrated approach to a critical subject.Teaching Public Administration.37(1). pp.92-106. Vinczeova, M. and Kascakova, A., 2017. How do Slovak small and medium-sized enterprises make decision on sources of finance.Ekonomicko-manazerske spektrum.11(2). pp.111- 121. Oseifuah, E., 2017. Awareness of state-facilitated sources of finance among owner/managers of small and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa.