Psychology for Health and Social Care

Psychology for health
and social care

Introduction
This project assessment has been covered into two tasks; 1 and 2. In first task the chosen life
stage is infancy which includes children age between 3 to 6 years. Different psychological
theories such as Piaget’ Cognitive development theory and Erikson’s psychological theories have
been discussed in Task 1. While in task 2; reflection based on the theories of Task 1 has been
done with explanation of roles and responsibilities carried by health care professionals.
Life stage as per interest and professional experience
Developmental psychology can be defined as a study which focuses on how human body and
mind-set specifically gets change over the course of life. In other words, developmental
psychology stage related with children, infants, adult development, adolescence, aging and
including the overall life span (Tyler, 2020).There are different range of theories that are applied
in order to develop adolescence, as this is the period during a person’s life expectancy where
most of the alterations takes place. Away with this, many developmental clinicians study has
showed that it is must for practitioners to consider a range of factors like social, biological,
emotional along with cognitive processes as well, because then only developmental psychology
can be understood in a detailed manner.
Including this, it has been found that there are basically three objectives of developmental
psychology and these are to depict, clarify, and to upgrade improvement. To portray
advancement it is important to concentrate both on regulating improvement as well as
idiographic developments. In spite of the fact that there are regular pathways of improvement
that people will follow.
Developmental psychology consist of different life stages and mostly these are divided among
three different groups (infant, elderly and adolescence).In this particular report, the life stage that
has been taken into consideration is infancy where the particular group which has been chosen
based on the interest and professional experience is Early Childhood (Ages 3-6).This is said to
be the age where young children focuses on recreation of the world and this stage can
specifically being described with one particular word and that is playfulness. It has been
analyzed to infant belonging to this particular age limit focuses on a particular element and they

take what is and join it with the is conceivable to mould occasions that have never been found
throughout the entire existence of the world. All things considered, they encapsulate the rule of
development and change that underlies each and every innovative demonstration that has
happened over the span of progress (Gazzillo and et. al., 2020)
In present context, the particular life stage is chosen because, for an orthodontist it is must to
understand the psychology of children because then only right decisions can be taken into
consideration in order to resolve the exam related issues or teething problems can easily be
resolved.
Lifespan psychological theories to the identified life-stage
Piaget’s Cognitive Developmental Theory
Jean Piaget was a representative Swiss analyst who viewed young people in the mid-20th
century. His concept of an academic or intellectual version of events, unveiled in 1936, is still
used today in some aspects of teaching and brain science. It focuses on children, from birth to
immaturity.
Piaget's stage theory reflects the psychological progress of children. Intellectual development
involves changes in the circle and psychological skills. According to Piaget's point of view,
initial psychological progression includes action-dependent measures and subsequent progress
towards changes in mental function.
The theory has been discussed based on infancy life stage (3 - 6 years):
According to Piaget; the age between 3 to 6 years has been considered as The Preoperational
Stage.
Major Characteristics and Developmental Changes:
 Children begin to think of a logo and understand how to use words and images to speak
to objects.
 Children at this stage are usually self-centered and find it difficult to see things from
others' perspectives.
 As they show signs of development with language and thinking, they will consider
nonetheless.

The basis of speech enhancement may have been laid down at an earlier stage, but speech
enhancement is one of the important symptoms at the stage of preoperative progression. At this
stage, children learn through playing pictures but struggle with logic and other people's
perspectives. They also constantly strive to understand the potential of consistency.
Comparison to other stages:
The Concrete Operational Stage (Adolescent)
At this stage, more children become less attentive and start thinking about how others think and
feel. Children of strong working age begin to realize that their ideas are new to them and that not
everyone else basically shares their thoughts, feelings and opinions.
The Formal Operational Stage (old age)
The final stage of Piaget's thinking involves an extension of philosophy, the ability to use
sensitive thinking and an understanding of conceptual ideas. Now, individuals will be equipped
to see different possible answers to problems and consider their surroundings in general.
Erickson’s Psychosocial Theory
Erikson has maintained that character which he creates in predetermined demand through eight
stages of psychosocial advancement, from beginner to adult. At each stage, the individual
encounters a psychosocial crisis that can have a positive or negative effect on character
development.
According to the theory, the effective completion of each level proves a strong character and
achieves basic excellence. Basic ethics are specific traits that the insider can use to determine the
emergencies that arise. The inability to complete a level effectively can lead to a decrease in the
ability to complete other levels and thus a more unpleasant character and sense of self. These
levels, however, can be effectively resolved in the not too distant future.
The selected stage is infancy and Erikson considered this stage as Initiative vs. Guilt:
Initiative versus guilt is the third stage of Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. At
the level of anti-crime activity, young people defend themselves more often through coordination
games and other forms of social cooperation. During this period the essential part is to involve
the child in regular cooperation with other young people in the school. At the center of this phase