Organizational Behaviour and Management Styles

The assignment delves into the field of organizational behavior, exploring key concepts like social identity processes, job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and the influence of organizational culture. It examines different leadership styles and their effectiveness in promoting work engagement and retention. The analysis draws upon academic literature and empirical studies to provide insights into the complexities of human behavior within organizational settings.

Organisation
and
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
a. Comparison and contrast in different organisational structures and culture...........................4
b. Explanation relationship between organisation's structure and culture which can impact on
the performance of employees....................................................................................................5
c. Discussion on the factors which influence individual behaviour at work...............................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
a. Comparison of the effectiveness of different leadership style and its impact on organisations
.....................................................................................................................................................6
b. Explanation organisational theory is linked with the style of management ...........................6
c. Evaluation of different approaches of management used by organisation..............................7
d. Discussion on the impact different leadership styles on motivation in organisation in period
of change.....................................................................................................................................8
e. Comparison of the application of different motivational theories within the workplace .......8
f. Evaluation of the usefulness of a motivation theory for the managers....................................9
g. Explanation of the nature of groups and group behaviours in the organisation......................9
h. Discussion on the factors which may promote or inhibit development of effective team
work...........................................................................................................................................10
I. Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning in the organisation................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisation and behaviours is having focus on the interaction in between the peoples
and groups which are making their collective efforts to attain the business objectives (Suppiah
and Singh Sandhu, 2011). It is a theory which emphasis to maximise the purpose of the human
resource to increase the work efficiency of the employees which are working in the organisation.
The present report focuses on the City College and Rent a Car which is working in UK. It
provides details regarding different organisational structures, culture and its impact on both the
organisations. Leadership styles have huge impact on the companies which are linked with the
management styles, these both are having impact on the employee's performance, it's details are
given below in the report.
TASK 1
a. Comparison and contrast in different organisational structures and culture
The City College is using flat structure in which have two levels of management which
provides guidance to the lower level to perform their activities. Rent-A-Car organisation is using
the tall structure because they have more than 50,000 employees in their company. Both
structures are having huge difference e.g. management level and impact, a comparison is here
under given below:
Command Chains: The flat structure has short command chain because it has a smaller
management hierarchy and tall structure has a large chain which divides the responsibility in the
management (Rahim, Jalaludin and Tajuddin, 2011).
Impact: Flat structure has a lesser potential to manage employees because senior
management are responsible for many things and on the other side tall structure can manage
large number of employees in a time because it divides responsibilities in different management
level.
But these both structures help the company to manage their employees in the business
activities. It has a difference between the results but both are having same motive to engage
employee in the work.
Charles Handy's four type of culture which are having some comparison and similarities
which are given under here:

Power culture: Most of the control is centred on the higher authorities (Mohammad, Habib and
Alias, 2011).
Role culture: It divides the work and responsibilities among employees.
Task Culture: It divides the work in the task format in which organisation sets target for the
employees.
Person culture: This is not an appropriate work culture; projects are allotted to the persons who
are having skills.
These cultures focus on increasing productivity of the company. Most of the companies
are using power, role and task culture. But these cultures are having huge difference in between
the impact on the organisation (Punjaisri and Wilson, 2011).
b. Explanation relationship between organisation's structure and culture which can impact on the
performance of employees
As Rent-A-Car organisation is having huge number of employees and they are having
trade on big level so they are using tall structure of management and task culture to perform their
business activities. Different management level and distinct department helps them to execute
their services task culture is supporting them to divide their work in the team which helps them
to perform their business activities effectively (Farndale, Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011). The
car rental enterprise is having different departments and they have the team to perform their
work. It helps to the company to complete the task in a given deadline.
On the other side, City College is having Flat structure in which they are having two
layer of management which is having all the responsibilities to execute work in the college. It
exerts pressure on the management and higher authorities to complete their work in the given
deadline in an appropriate manner. They are having power culture which provides all command
and control to central administration which helps to the senior management to create work from
the employees (Yaniv, Lavi and Siti, 2010). It generates work force from the team members but
it is not appropriate, it does not involve their employees in decision making which reduces
employees motivation and work efficiency.
c. Discussion on the factors which influence individual behaviour at work
Many factors influence the work and the behaviour of employees. It is essential for the
both City College and Rent-A-Car to manage their working environment appropriately to

increase the employee's motivation towards the work and individual's behaviours on the work
place. Some factors are here which affects the employee’s behaviours:
Work safety: It is mostly works on the employees behaviours while working in the
organisation, Rent-A-Car is having huge risk of the any types of accidents cause their employees
are working on the roads which are unsafe (Agarwal and et. al., 2012). It impacts of their work,
drivers hesitate to go on that roads where they are having risk and unsafe.
Leadership: As the City college is having all the leadership control in the higher
authorities so it affects employees. They not feel like part of the organisation which decreases
their motivation to work in the organisation. Leadership has a potential to increase employees
involvement and increase their work efficiency.
Employee's participation: It is essential for the organisation to involve their employees in the
decision making and as well as to make working policies for them. Rent A Car is using their
employees, drivers and other team members to make work policies which are related with them
(Wong, Wong and Ngo, 2012).
TASK 2
a. Comparison of the effectiveness of different leadership style and its impact on organisations
The City College is using Autocratic leadership style which is effective for them as per
their structure and culture, they are having small number of employees and mainly there are
teachers and lecturers. The Autocratic leadership style is a traditional style to manage people in
the organisation. Most of the decision and policies are made by the higher management authority
and it is applied on the employees. It is not appropriate to increase work efficiency and
employees productivity (Sandman. and et. al., 2012). It does not involve employees which
creates negative impact on employees, it is a type of neglect which creates a negative impact on
the employees work willpower.
Democratic leadership styles is using by the Rent A Car, in it the the top level
management and authorities always involves their juniors to make decisions for the organisation
betterment. This type of leadership involves their undertaken employees which are having direct
connection with the topic on which seniors are making decisions (Mendes and Stander, 2011). It
is helping to the company to increase the work efficiency of the employees.

So the democratic is more effective to increase the employee's work efficiency and it
helps to the company to attain their business objectives in the given time period.
b. Explanation organisational theory is linked with the style of management
The Rent A Car enterprise is using the Scientific theory which has a focus on the
development of the organisation and increase the work efficiency of the employees to
accomplish their work and task in a faster and appropriate manner (Pareek, 2012). As they are
working in the cars segments they are having a lot of work which is related to the science and as
well as they are using the democratic leadership styles which helps them to use scientific
management theory. Both are having focus to increase the mutual understanding in between the
employees and management which helps them to perform their work and increase the
productivity which create a positive impact on their annual revenues.
As the City College is using the autocratic leadership styles which helps them to impose
their decisions on their employees. It has linked with the neo classical theory which has a focus
on the group of peoples which are working in the organisation (Hogg and Terry, 2014). These
both are linked to take decision to increase the working capabilities of the organisation.
The both leadership style and theories are having linked with to each other to maximise
the impact of the management which helps them to increase the capabilities to attain the
organisational objectives.
c. Evaluation of different approaches of management used by organisation
Some management and leadership approaches are here which can be used by cited
organisations to increase the work efficiency and to make effective behaviours of the employees;
Systematic Approach: It has a focus to make a system in t6he organisation which divides the
responsibilities in the employees and as well as it is having a potential to increase the work
efficiency of the employees. It can be use by the Rent A Car enterprise to divide duties among
the managers and employees which helps them to make their own working criteria (De Board,
2014). But it has also some disadvantage, it can reduce the work flow of the employees and as
well as of the company but it can increase the effectiveness of their work.
Behavioural Science Approach: It targets on the employees behaviours which is essential for
the City College to establish better relations in between the management and employees. It helps
to the organisation to attain their objectives more effectively. So it is helpful for the organisation
as they are using the autocratic leadership style so they have to use to make more better

relationship with the employees and employer. But management have to focus on their targets
otherwise this theory can misguide them (Buchanan. and Huczynski, 2010).
d. Discussion on the impact different leadership styles on motivation in organisation in period of
change
Different leadership styles are here which can impact on the organisations to increase the
productivity and effectiveness to provide better products and services to their customers and
clients. Some leaderships styles are here;
Autocratic leadership: It is traditional type of leadership styles which helps to the organisations,
it does not involve their employees in the policy making and decision making which helps to the
management to make faster decision and policy which is helpful for them to attain their business
objectives. It reduce the employees involvement which impacts on their motivational level and as
well as on their faith for the management (Suppiah and Singh Sandhu, 2011). So it have to be
replaced by the participative leadership styles which helps them to increase employee's
motivational elements and as well as it helps to increase employee's efficiency.
Democratic Leadership: It invites the employees to give their suggestions for the betterment of
the organisations. Most of the employees are having innovative ideas to make more better
products and procedures to convey their business objectives. It helps to the employees to involve
their personal benefits in the decisions and policies. It has a huge impact on the employees faith
and motivation towards organisations and work.
e. Comparison of the application of different motivational theories within the workplace
Maslow's hierarchy needs and McGregor X and Y theory are mainly used by the
organisations to increase the productivity of their team members to attain the organisational
objectives in the pre decided time limit. These motivational theories helps and motivates to the
employees to perform more better in the organisation and achieve their own business objectives
(Rahim, Jalaludin and Tajuddin, 2011). Some of the motivation theories are here for the
comparison of them according to the organisation's needs and suitability;
X and Y McGregor theory: This theory makes a contradictory impact of the management on the
employees. X factor emphasis on the factor to generate more work for the employees by putting
pressure on them and another Y factor focus on them to appreciate their employees for their
work. So this helps to the managers in the City College to encourage their employees and as well
as to increase the working capabilities of the employees.

Maslow's hierarchy needs: It is used by the Rent A Car enterprise to motivate their employees.
Their senior management is focused to fulfil the employees needs which helps them to increase
employee's morality and faith for the organisation (Mohammad, Habib and Alias, 2011).
According to Maslow's hierarchy employees are having three types of needs basic needs in
which they wants drinking water, proper working environment. Psychological needs in which
employees needs positive working environment and support of team members. Self fulfilment
needs in which employees wants some activities in which they feel touched with the
organisation.
So Maslow's hierarchy need s is much effective to increase employee's motivation and it
helps to increase the employee's involvement in the organisational activities.
f. Evaluation of the usefulness of a motivation theory for the managers
These above presented motivational theories are helpful for the managers to increases the
employees work and as well as it helps to the managers to make their acts to motivate their
employees (Punjaisri and Wilson, 2011). Rent A Car enterprise is having tall structure because
they are having large number of employees in their organisation so it is very essential for them to
manage motivational level in the employees. It can helps them to increase their capabilities and
work efficiency to produce the work from their employees. They have to use Maslow's Hierarchy
needs to analyse the needs of the employees which are working on different management levels.
They have to fulfil their employees needs, as they are having managers in each and every
management level it helps them to analyse the needs of the employees and provide all of the
facilities which they want from the management.
City college can use X and Y motivational theory cause they are small number of
employees in the organisation and they are having flat structure so their senior manager have to
communicate with their employees to give them instructions to make more better performance.
As well as they have to appreciate those employees which are working well, it helps to the
college to spread out a motivation in the employees to make more better efforts for the
organisation (Farndale, Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011).
g. Explanation of the nature of groups and group behaviours in the organisation
Most of the employees are having group in an organisation which helps them to
communicate on their working issues and as well as these groups helps them to perform their

task in more appropriate manner. Here is the group of employees in both organisations with the
it's nature:
Formal Groups: In the City College, management has divide groups of employees which helps
them to perform their business activities. As they are having most of the employees which are
related to the education so they are having team or groups on the basis of subjects which helps
them to learn their students (Yaniv, Lavi and Siti, 2010). Formal groups are made by the
management and higher authorities to perform activities according to the needs of the
organisation to achieve their objectives. These types of groups are focused to achieve the
objectives after the accomplishment it can be dismissed by the management.
Informal Groups: Management of Rent A Car is having informal groups which are based on the
personal values and habits. Most of the employees which are having same habits and values can
make their own group to spent their time and communicate on the personal and profession issues.
All of these types of groups are not having any type of objective and it does not related with the
work.
h. Discussion on the factors which may promote or inhibit development of effective team work
Some factors are here which may impact on the team effectiveness in the City College
and Rent A Car enterprise:
Factors which may impact on the effectiveness of the formal groups:
Selection of the group members: As the management decide the employees selection in the
group so it is very essential for the group that all of members are having same skills to perform
activities in the group. Otherwise it can decrease the work efficiency of the group.
Communication: It is necessary for the effective group to make proper communication with the
group members to share their views and thoughts to increase the effectiveness of them to achieve
their objectives (Agarwal and et. al., 2012).
Factors which may impact on the effectiveness of the informal groups:
Personal conflicts: Some times informal group members can create conflicts which can create a
distance in between them. It can reduce the achievement of the groups as they are not having any
particular object so it can not impact on the organisation performance. It can reduce the their
focus on their work and as well as it can reduce their working capabilities. So it is highly
essential for the management to makes their control on these groups to aware the it's negative
impact on the employee's performance.

I. Evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning in the organisation
In the current world culture, each and every task which is performed in the organisation
are based on technology. It is having huge impact on the Rent A Car and City College which are
here:
In the City College:
Learning: Most of the classes are having a need of the technology to provide learning to their
students. The organisation is providing visual learnings to their student which is effective for the
students to learnt from it and as well as it helps to the teams to provide learnings easily and
effectively (Wong, Wong and Ngo, 2012).
In the Rent A Car:
Communication: It is very essential for the company to manage proper communication in
between the team, the organisation has provide communication gadgets to their team to make
proper and immediate communication in between the team members to accomplish their work in
a perfect manner.
CONCLUSION
The above presented report is having focus on the behaviours of the employees with in
the organisation. It is having focus on the City College and Rent A Car which are having huge
difference in between the management and number of employees. Organisational structure helps
to the employees to perform their work and take guidelines from their seniors. So it is very
essential to select an organisational structure according to the need of the organisation.
Leadership styles and theories helps to the management and higher authorities to make their
policies, rules and regulations to increase the productiveness of the company.

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Online
6 Leadership Styles, And When You Should Use Them. 2017. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.fastcompany.com/1838481/6-leadership-styles-and-when-you-should-
use-them>. [Accessed on 17th March 2017].
6 Management Styles and When to Use Them. 2015. [Online]. Available Through:
<http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rosalind-cardinal/6-management-styles-and-when-to-
use-them_b_6446960.html>. [Accessed on 17th March 2017].