Romanian & Bulgarian Migration to EU

This assignment analyzes the complex phenomenon of Romanian and Bulgarian migration within the European Union. It examines the historical context, demographic trends, economic motivations, and societal impacts of this migration. Specific focus areas include labor market integration, challenges faced by migrants, and policy responses from receiving countries like Italy, Spain, and the UK.

Dissertation
(To investigate the issues and challenges of
Romanian migrant in hospitality (from employee
point of view)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................3
1.1 Overview................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Rationale for the study...........................................................................................................5
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives................................................................................................6
1.4 Research questions.................................................................................................................6
1.5 Significance of the study........................................................................................................6
CHAPTER- 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................8
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................8
2.2 Training and development.....................................................................................................8
2.3 Romanian migration in UK..................................................................................................11
2.4 Benefits of employing Romanian workforce.......................................................................13
2.5 Challenges faced by Romanian employees in UK hospitality industry...............................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................18
2

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Title: To investigate the issues and challenges of Romanian migrant in hospitality (from
employee point of view)
1.1 Overview
Throughout history and throughout the world individuals have always moved across
significant borders. Migration has been regarded as the universal part of the human condition/ In
the present era, nearly each state as well as political contexts are affected through the
international migration. Human migration has become debatable topic that can be observed in the
various parts across the globe. It can be defined as the movement of individuals from one
particular location to another (Black, Adger, Arnell, Dercon, Geddes and Thomas, 2011). The
migration among the people is carried out with the aim to live either on temporary or permanent
basis within new location. The movement is often over longer distances and from one country to
another. There is greater impact of migration on the economy of the host country. The influence
of migration can be viewed over various sectors that includes education, health housing as well
as hospitality etc. Migration has continued in the form of both voluntary migration that is within
one region, country or beyond and involuntary migration. Earlier the human being migrated as
the reason of various factors that includes change in climate, landscape as well as inadequacy in
the supply of food (Biermann and Boas, 2010). The people migrating face wide range of
challenges. The present era of globalization has taken the activities of the employment beyond
the boundaries of the nation. In hospitality sector the individuals are being employed from
another countries. The presence of existing migration of Romanian within UK is concentrated in
four various sectors that involves construction, trade, hospitality as well as cleaning services.
This has resulted in increasing number of people that are migrating with the aim to get
employment. There is greater impact of immigration on the growth of population. This has
become one of most prevalent themes in the political and media debates on UK immigration
policy.
Earlier migration was regarded and utilized as last resort for the purpose of maintaining
moderate living that is impossible to acquire in origin country while this successfully responds
to significant labor needs of the destination countries. Then with this migrants might not has any
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trouble to get employment within host countries. But beside this there are several challenges that
are being faced by the migrants in the host countries.
The issues as well as challenges that are being faced by the migrants includes cultural
differences and educational issues etc. the major challenge which young migrants are required to
face before starting up new journey relates with preparing to adapt to new culture, in a different
environment from what they were used to and getting informed regarding their rights and
obligations as new comers (Muttoni, Scardia and Kent, 2010). Cultural differences demonstrate
major issue being faced by migrant workers even in the situation when they are not at the job.
Migrants workers are often isolated by their neighbors as they do not speak similar language and
shop mostly at the ethnic stores. The barrier regarding language can make it difficult for them to
gain better understanding in relation to legal documents such as tax forms and leases. The
patterns of people flowing among the countries are widely affected by the international
economic, political as well as cultural interrelations (Adamo and Izazola, 2010). There are
various factors affecting international migration. This includes factors such as economic
disparities, poverty and environmental degradation that is combined with absence of peace,
security as well as human tights violations.
Today, it has been examined that there are nearly 200 millions migrants that are living in
the countries in which they are not born. About 60% of the recorded migrants are found in the
developed countries. However 40% are in the developing areas. In the present era the migration
to the developed countries is work oriented. The predominant form of the migration varies from
one part of the globe to another in a considerable manner (Levy, 2010). There have been
conflicting views regarding the impact of immigration on the economy of the host countries. It
has been believed that migrants steal the jobs and depress the wages. Further immigration has the
potential to create conflicts among the ethnic group. This is because of the assumption that the
possibility of occurrence of such environment wherein low income native groups consider
migrants as the competition for jobs as well as resources (Kempadoo, Sanghera and Pattanaik,
2015). Further it has been gained that increase in number of migrants results in destroying local
community's identity as well as its institution.
Along with this there is presence of certain barriers that makes it impossible for the
migrant workers to integrate with the labor markets of the host society. Non recognition of
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diplomas gained in the origin country, discrimination in relation to access to employment, lower
wages as well as other barriers for women immigrants for participation in the labor market acts
as major challenges that is being faced by the migrants. Due to such they face difficulty in
residing in the host nation without fear in an effective manner. Human possess the tendency to
migrate. Migration to the uninhabited lands has not created any potential for conflict as there was
no interest that can be challenged (Mangalam, 2015). Conflict emerged when the migrating
people were forced to crystallize their quest for better life on the expanse that has been made by
others. This presents that earlier conflicts took place as a result from movement of people. It has
been gained that children of migrant workers often have to miss school and fall behind their
peers due to the reason that they have to work along with the entire family.
The present study explores the issues and challenge faced by the Romanian migrant
under the UK hospitality industry. Further the dissertation covers the views points of various
authors who have carried out research on similar subject in past. With the assistance of such
phenomenon under subject matter can be gained in an effective manner.
1.2 Rationale for the study
The major purpose of the present investment is to investigate the issues and challenges of
Romanian migrant in hospitality (from employee point of view). The research is being conducted
in the areas of challenges of human migration that is getting significant growth in the today's era.
What is the research issue?
In the present investigation the research issue that will be discussed is with respect to
increasing number of Romanian migrants in the hospitality business in UK.
Why it is an issue?
This is research issue as in the present era there are various number of people who are
migrating to developed nation for the purpose of getting job (Scheffran, Brzoska, Brauch, Link
and Schilling, 2012). This further results in creating situation of conflict among the people of
host country and they regard is at loss of job. Thus due to this major challenges and issues are
being faced by immigrants in UK.
Why it is an issue now?
The subject under the present report has become an issue now because of increasing
poverty and unemployment in developing and underdeveloped nation there is increasing number
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of people that are migrating to the developed nation in search job. This has greater impact on the
host community in terms that they would not agree for such situation prevailing in the country.
What could this research shed light on?
The present research would shed light on the challenges and issues that are being faced
by the migrants in the host country. Further it explores human resource literature that relates with
training to the employees. The present study also makes analysis of the advancement with the
hospitality business in UK so as to deal with migrants. Along with this it highlight what
Romanian migrants bring regarding skills and what they gain or learn from working in this
sector.
1.3 Research Aim and Objectives
Research Aim
The main aim of the present investigation is: To investigate the issues and challenges of
Romanian migrant in hospitality (from employee point of view)
Research Objectives
 To explore the Human Resources literature related to employee training.
 To analyses the advancement within their organization.
 To highlight what Romanian migrants bring regarding skills and what they gain or learn
from working in this sector
1.4 Research questions
 What are the relevant theories on employee training development?
 What are the benefits of employing Romanian workforce?
 What does current literature states regarding Romanian immigrants working in the
hospitality industry?
1.5 Significance of the study
The present investigation is effective in investigating the issues and challenges of
Romanian migrant in hospitality (from employee point of view) within UK. In addition to this it
assist in gaining in-depth knowledge regarding human migration. The significance of the present
research has been enumerated in the manner stated below:
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 The present investigation acts as an aid for the academicians in carrying out Ph.D. In
addition to this the present investigation offers greater knowledge regarding the
challenges and issues of Romanian immigrants.
 There is huge importance of the present research for the hospitality organization that are
operating in UK (Frost, 2016). These organizations can gain knowledge with respect to
feasibility of considering the issues in the hospitality sector.
 The present investigation is of greater advantage to the other researchers who desires to
carry out investigation on the similar phenomenon under subject matter. Through this
they can get adequate information with respect to importance of resolving challenges
attached migrants that are coming the host countries.
 The present research is of greater importance for the thinkers. As such it demonstrates the
innovative knowledge regarding the tools that are being incorporated in the investigation.
 Present report plays significant role due to presence of complex nature of the
organization. By carrying out research attention can be given on various operational
issues that relates with the business.
 Along with this investigation is significant for the intellectuals and researchers as this
would act as an aid for them in generalizing new theories that relates with the subject
matter under investigation.
Therefore present investigation is regarded as the base of knowledge and is regarded as
the important source that provides guidelines for resolving the various social and business issues.
It is regarded as the formal training that facilitates in developing understanding of the new
developments in the area with greater effectiveness.
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CHAPTER- 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Following the introduction chapter another part of thesis is regarded as literature review.
It is regarded as most significant part of dissertation. This particular chapter is comprised of view
points of various authors in relation to subject matter under investigation in an effective manner.
The information which is presented in the particular part is gathered by through the assistance of
secondary sources. This is regarded as base that acts as an aid in carrying the research in forward
direction. The chapter of literature review plays crucial role in making analysis of the gap that
has emerged in the past investigations. This gap is minimized in the present research in order to
draw valid results. Along with this the present chapter make critical evaluation of the opinions of
various researchers in brief way. Therefore such facilitates in developing sound theoretical base
in relation to phenomenon under subject matter. In the present report literature review presents
the concept of training and development for employees in hospitality sector. Further it includes
benefits of employing Romanian workforce within hospitality industry. In addition to this it
determines the challenges that are being faced by Romanian employees within UK hospitality
industry.
2.2 Training and development
In an ever changing as well as fast paced corporate world the role of training and
development is regarded as an indispensable function. Employees are considered as the real asset
of the organization. There role in crucial towards attainment of the proposed business targets and
objectives with effectiveness. Businesses are engaged in hiring talented as well as efficient
personnel who possess the ability to offer maximum contribution. The work force can be
categorized into two. This is includes firstly the efficient people and secondly people who are
less efficient. The training and development relating concept has been established with the aim to
enhance the performance of the personnel who are less efficient. It deals with developing people
by the means of making them learn some skills that are critical from the view point of
organization. The significance of training and development can be viewed from the opinions that
has been presented in the following manner.
In accordance with views of Zimmerman and et.al., (2011) training and development
activities are regarded as the core human resource management function. They possess
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importance in relation to achievement of business objectives and targets. There is greater
requirement towards development of effective program of training that can result in growth and
development of the personnel. Management cannot ignore such function as it has significant role
in increasing the success for the business in an effective manner. As per the views of Krüger and
et.al., (2012) training is required to be given to the employees for the purpose of attaining
competitive advantage. There is requirement to develop them in more productive and
competitive way. There is greater importance in fighting with the competition that is prevailing
in the market. Firm possess expectations of retaining the talented employees for longer span of
time.
In accordance with the views of Zhu and et.al., (2012) it has been examined that training
and development plays significant role in enhancing the skills of the personnel. With the
enhancement in skills positive impact can be viewed over the performance of the employees. The
skills possessed by them can be utilized in attainment of higher level of productivity and
profitability by the organization. This would assist in promoting innovation as well as creativity
in the organization. Such would assist in increasing the talents and thus the workforce would
become much stronger. As per the views of Denissenko and et.al., (2012) it has been gained that
training and development acts as an aid in bringing improvement within the weaker part of the
person. It is fact that this function is being carried out for their betterment. In case certain
weaker areas are creating problem for the business then it is important to pay attention towards
them as it is the most suitable solution to this. With the presence of weaker points the personnel
might suffer from lack of motivation. Therefore in such situation training is considered suitable
solution for avoiding the problems.
In accordance with the views of Ford and et.al., (2010) it has been examined that training
and development plays effective role in minimizing the issues that are associated with
absenteeism, turnover as well as demotivation etc. Organizations faces the above determined
issues. Such issues results in creation of negative impact on the performance. The issues needs to
be dealt with in an effective manner and in this regard training can be suitable solution. As per
the views of Griffiths, (2013) it has been determined that role of training is greater in increasing
the opportunities attached with promotion, rewards and incentives etc for personnel in the firm.
Such things are important in terms of motivation and survival. It assists in making them satisfied
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and increasing the opportunity association with their retention. Execution of sound training
program would results in attainment of sound performance from the personnel. In situation if
they perform with effectiveness then they would gain good rewards, promotion as well as several
other things.
In accordance with the views of Nagurney, (2013) training and development is regarded
as one of the lowest things that exists on the priority list of most of the firms. When it is being
organized is the persistent of the human resources department. There is greater value in
organizing proper training session for the personnel. This is due to the reason that it allows the
workforce in acquiring new skills, sharpening the existing one, perform better, increasing
productivity and becoming a better leader. Companies is the sum total of what is being achieved
by the employees at individual level. As per the views of Warner, (2010) firm needs to carry out
everything in power to order to makes sure that employees are able to perform at their peak. The
role of training can be greatly viewed towards enhancing the knowledge of new employees. This
can be carried out by someone in the organization that can serve as the platform for getting new
employees up to speed with the processes of the organization and addressing the skill gap. Every
individual possess certain shortcomings. Thus such can be iron by the means of training and
development in an appropriate manner. In situation shortcomings as well as weaknesses are
being addressed that this would enhance the performance of the personnel to a greater extent.
However it has been determined that training and development plays major role towards
amplifying the strengths of the personnel and offering the set of new skills. It is essential for the
firm to breakdown the needs relating with training and development so as to target particular
individuals. In accordance with views of Lee and et.al., (2011) it has been examined that the firm
that makes greater investment in training and development generally possess satisfied personnel.
The exercise needs to be relevance to the personnel and one by which individual can enhance
their learning.
In the rapidly evolving landscape productivity does not only depends on employees but
on the technology that is being used by them. Training and development are going on a long way
in gaining the employees up to date with the new technology. This has greater impact on
increasing the productivity of the firm to a significant level. Thus it acts as an aid in attainment
of pre-determined targets of the business with greater effectiveness.
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2.3 Romanian migration in UK
In accordance with the views of Li and et.al., (2011) it has been gained that Romanians
entry within UK has increased significantly when Romania entered into European union in the
year 2007. Migration from country is done due to presence of economic reason. This is in order
to enhance the prospect for employment and enhance the standard of living. The occupation rate
is higher within UK in comparison with Romania. However most the movement are temporary
dislike long term settlement. They generally possess the tendency to stay for particular span of
time, earn money and then return back to their home. As per the views of Jung and et.al., (2011)
it has been stated that major destination where greater migration is done is related with Spain and
Italy. This is due to the reason that borders were opened for them from both the nations very
earlier. There was greater similarity in the languages as well. However it is not a denying fact
rate of unemployment within Italy and Spain is very high. The prospects for economy is
uncertain that might restrict the future migration of such countries. Thus this has resulted in
increasing the chance of migration to UK. The prevailing Romanian migration with UK is
concentrated in four varied sectors that involves construction, trade, hospitality as well as
services related with cleaning.
In accordance with the views of Cresswell and et.al., (2011) it has been gained that 2008
financial crisis has been determined as the major cause of Romanian migration within the
country. The crisis has resulted in affecting the employment conditions of several individuals.
They were experiencing issues that relates in getting jobs and earning sources for livehood. As
per the views of Mangalam, (2015) it has been gained that financial downturn has resulted in
creating greater impact on various sectors that includes hospitality, education, health and social
care as well as technology etc. The individuals were suffering from job loss and many business
become bankrupt. Further they were looking for their existence in financial terms. Thus this has
resulted in increasing number of Romanians in UK. Milner-Gulland and et.al., (2011) asserts that
while talking specifically regarding the hospitality sector of UK it can be stated that Romanian
migrants are affects the sector to a greater extent. The immigrant s rate has enhanced to a
significant level in the recent years. They are coming in search for jobs and opportunities of
livelihood. It is difficult for them to enhance survival in difficult situation as they are
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experiencing various amount of challenges. The restrictions are being imposed from the
government side on the conditions of employment.
The number of Romanians as well as Bulgarians that are working in UK has increased by
15% year on year. In the last three months of 2014 there was presence of 172000 people that are
working in UK who have been born in one of the two countries in Europe. In the year January
2014 Romanians as well as Bulgarians have attained similar right to work within UK as other EU
citizens. In accordance with the office for National Statistics it has been gained that number of
European Union workers within Britain has reached high of 2.1 million (Romanian and
Bulgarian workers top 200,000 for first time, say official figures, 2016). This involves new high
of 219000 from Romania and Bulgaria. In accordance with views of Black and et.al., (2010) it
has been examined that for the first time number of Romanian and Bulgarian workers has topped
200000 in Britain. Among Romanians and Bulgarians who has gained access to Britain job
marker the figures has reached to 219000. This implies an increase by 30000 or 16 percent rise.
However it has been critically accessed that Europe is required to work with Britain for the
purpose of reducing high levels of immigration into EU. Romanians in UK is considered as the
phenomenon of the Romanian people that are moving to United Kingdom as citizens and non -
citizens immigrants along with the British citizens of Romanian descent.
As per the views of Dwyer and et.al., (2011) it has been gained that more than 150000
Romanians have now got an access to British jobs which is surge of 223 percent since previous
years when they were offered similar right to work as British citizens. It has been gained that
around 17000 Romanian have registered for National Insurance numbers in the year 2014 but
this figure has risen to 40576. Several rules have been established when Romania and Bulgaria
have joined EU in the year 2007 (Bulgarian and Romanian migration to the UK, 2016). This
presents that migrants can only work in UK within seasonal jobs that includes fruit picking or if
they are self employed. But such restrictions controversially have resolved in January. The
people in UK are concerned that individual who are coming within this country are for a right
reason. Therefore the government has led the way by taking series of measures that includes
handling the abuses, tightening immigration routes and toughening the rules on accessing the
benefits that are prevailing within UK.
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As per the views of Harris and et.al., (2012) new wave of immigrants from Romania and
Bulgaria is beside the enhancement in the number of Europeans that are coming into Britain.
Romania ranks after India and China in terms of the country that is sending most migrants to this
country. The growing number of immigrants from two countries is due to the major fact that
there is higher pay levels for the workers in Britain in comparison with Eastern Europe. It can be
stated that nine out of every 100 immigrants to Britain were from Romania or Bulgaria. Further
during the year 2014 around 34000 people alone came from Romania. This number is
considerably higher if consideration is given to the movement of Romanians to UK.
2.4 Benefits of employing Romanian workforce
There is greater benefits towards employing Romanian workforce in the UK's hospitality
sector. In accordance with the views of Black, Adger, Arnell, Dercon, Geddes and Thomas,
(2011) it has been examined that the work force in Romania is offered lower wages. Such is of
greater importance for the businesses in UK. As such they can make payment of cheap wages to
the people who are migrating from Romania. Thus this results in reducing the cost of wages of
the hospitality businesses. Thus results in increasing the profitability of the company to a greater
extent. As per the views of Biermann and Boas, (2010) it has been argued that the association
between immigration as well as public services is complex. Like every other citizens migrants
are the user of such services. In addition to this they might be the providers of services and
funders. But it has been examined that the overall impact greatly depends on the kind of
migration and the length of time that people stay and on when they are ending up living. In UK
the role of migrants can be greatly viewed towards offering effective services. The contribution
that is being made by the migrants in hospitality sector is often specified while benefits of
immigration is asked.
In accordance with the views of Muttoni, Scardia and Kent, (2010) it has been gained that
people within developed countries possess better position in order to experience global benefits
by opening borders and capturing larger market share. For instance, in situation if the immigrants
offers labor, capital as well as entrepreneurship for the purpose of setting up new business then
such caters to a global market and offers greater benefits to the consumers globally. However it
has certain benefits to the economic activity of the area where the firm is setup. It has examined
that there are several benefits attached with immigration of the people this is in terms of filling
13

up job vacancies as well as sap within the skills. The role of migration is effective for UK
hospitality sector as it assist in filling the vacant job position to a greater extent. Moreover it
invites highly skilled personnel within the firm in an effective manner. As per the views of
Adamo and Izazola, (2010) it has been examined that by employing Romanian workforce greater
benefit can be attained in terms of sustaining the economic growth. With the migration greater
number of people works for the host country. Thus huge amount of business is being done. Thus
results in increasing the revenues of the business which in turns makes contribution towards
growth of the economy to a significant level. Immigration assists in bringing energy as well as
innovation within the hospitality businesses. This relates with making use of the skills and talent
that is inbuilt within the individuals migrating from Romania. Such is significant in terms of
enhancing the potential of the firm towards increasing the quality of services in an effective
manner.
Another major benefit of employing Romanian migrants within UK hospitality sector
relates with enriching the firm in cultural diversity. In accordance with the views of Levy, (2010)
it has been examined that by when people belonging to different cultures works together then
this increases the potential of the business to carry out their performance with greater
effectiveness. As hospitality sector invites people belonging to various region, nationality and
region. Thus by recruiting people belonging to different background the firm can enhance the
quality of services that can be delivered to the customers. As per the views of Kempadoo,
Sanghera and Pattanaik, (2015) the role immigration can be greatly viewed towards increasing
the work force that can be effectively used in carrying out the business activities with greater
ease. The Romanians have migrated in large numbers thus this has expanded the supply of labor
to a greater extent. Further this acts as an aid in fulfilling the job vacancies in an effective
manner. This reduces the cost of hospitality firms in inviting the prospects through investment in
several methods that are being carried out in foreign countries.
2.5 Challenges faced by Romanian employees in UK hospitality industry
In UK the migrated people face variety of challenged while carrying out the work in
hospitality industry. Such has been enumerated in the manner stated below:
Lower rate of wages: In accordance with the views of Jackowska and et.al., (2012) it has been
examined that one of the major issues that is being experienced by the people relates with low er
14

rate of wages. Most of the individual are obligatory for carrying out the work under minimum
rate of wages that is 6.50 per hour. In contrast to this the standard of living within UK is very
expensive. Employees within the hospitality industry needs to work for longer duration of time.
In addition to this the employers in UK are aware of the fact that Romanian immigrants can be
appointed for cheap wages. Moreover many of them are carrying out job without health
insurance, pension, provident funds, leave structure etc. Thus this presents exploitation of the
resources.
Housing: As per the views of Ruist, (2014) another major issues that is faced is related with the
availability of the proper housing facilities. Several number of immigrants are sharing rent for
the rooms. One can gain insight over 6- 8 number of individuals that are staying in single room.
Generally this is not regarded as an issue by the individuals but with the existence of families the
greater difficulty arises.
Language barriers: In accordance with the views of McMahon, (2011) it has been examined that
language and communication is the major obstacles that is being faced by the immigrants.
Romanians have trouble in speaking British English. Such has an impact on their possibility
relating to getting jobs within the industry and on other factors that presents food,
accommodation etc. When the immigrants face difficulty relating with familiarity as well as
similarity survival become difficult. This results in increasing difficulty while dealing with the
customers of hotel. Barrier to language has created various difficulties. Within hospitality sector
if the people of Romania comes then they can be provided with effective services. Moreover
effectiveness in treating people who speak specific language is ensured. But it become difficult
for people of Romania is offering higher level of services to the people whose languages are not
understood by the people. This can result in creating critical situation as the queries of the
customers cannot be resolved with greater efficiency.
Cultural barriers: As per the views of Coldwell and et.al., (2011) it has been gained that
Romanians have also faced difficulty in terms of culture. It is evident that as they belongs to
different background and their values and beliefs vary from UK to a greater extent. Due to this
reason the immigrants are not able to carry out their job in an effective manner.
Imposed restrictions: As per the views of Brǎdǎţan and et.al., (2014) UK has imposed several
constraints that are related with labor market for the personnel that are migrating from Bulgaria
15

and Romania in the year 2007. These restrictions are analyzed on timely basis. In accordance
with EEA (European Economic Area) nationals the Romanian citizens can enter and live in UK
without making any consent that is related with applying. As per the views of Fic, (2013) it has
been determined that along with certain expectations they require consent from country's border
agency before carrying out any kind of work within UK. In addition to this for gaining any job
they would need an Accession Worker Card that is being demanded by various employers in the
nation.
Absence of opportunities and growth: In accordance with the views of Griffiths, (2013) it has
been gained that another issue that is being faced by immigrants relates with lack of
opportunities relating with growth and development. Because of difference among the culture,
background as well as languages such individual are unable to make delivery of what is needed.
It puts greater number of constraints on them. As per the views of Galos, (2011) it has been
argued that there is lack of growth due to the reason that they have not been offered with suitable
conditions regarding employment. Therefore it can be stated that there are several things that are
needed to be taken into account by authorities for the personal and professional development.
UK policies on Romanian student is illegal: This considered as another major challenges that is
being experienced by the people who are migrating from Romania in search of job. In UK there
are number of policies developed in order to deal with the individuals who are moving from
Romania. This includes policy of refusing the Romanian students employment in Britain. This is
considered unfair on the part of Romanians. UK treats the students from Romania unjustly in
comparison with other EU nationals. The policy of refusing the Romanian students is unfair but
such is not considered a real issue. However the problem is that by such actions it is resulting in
breaching the EU law too.
Public services: The association among immigration as well as public services is complex. Like
every other citizens migrants are the user of such services. In addition to this they might be the
providers of services and funders. However it has been examined that the overall impact greatly
depends on the kind of migration and the length of time that people stay and on when they are
ending up living. In UK the role of migrants can be greatly viewed towards offering effective
services. The contribution that is being made by the migrants in hospitality sector is often
specified while benefits of immigration is asked. In accordance with the views of McMahon
16

(2013) the major challenge is being faced towards use of migrants and funding of public
services.
Crime: As per the views of Cresswell and et.al., (2011) another major issue that is being faced by
the Romanian relates with the number of crimes that has increased as a result immigration. This
has resulted in creating major trouble for the people of Romania to increase the time duration for
residing in UK. This is because the individual in UK working in hospitality sector do not have
greater trust on the immigrants as a reason that they does not belongs to their nation.
17

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