Employee Motivation Factors

This assignment delves into the realm of employee motivation, examining a range of influential factors. It draws upon prominent theories such as Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and X and Y theory, analyzing their implications for organizational behavior. The discussion encompasses both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators, highlighting their impact on job satisfaction, productivity, and turnover intentions. The assignment utilizes academic sources, including journal articles and books, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter.

ORGANIZATION
BEHAVIOR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Types of organization and their associated culture...............................................................1
1.2 Cultural and structure impact on the organization................................................................2
1.3 Factors affecting employees/ individual behavior................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Effect of different leadership styles on the organization......................................................3
2.2 Organization behavior theory raise the practices of management........................................4
2.3 Different approaches of management used by City College and Enterprise Car Rental
Company.....................................................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles used by the company for the motivation in the period
of change.....................................................................................................................................5
3.2 Different motivational theories which are based on the workplace......................................6
3.3 Usefulness of a motivation theory for the managers.............................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Nature of groups and group behaviour in both organisation.................................................8
4.2 Factors that promote the development in the organization and the team work in the City
College and Enterprise Company................................................................................................9
4.3 The impact of technology on team functioning in the both organization.............................9
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

Illustration Index
Illustration 1: Factors effective employees behaviour.....................................................................3
Illustration 2: X and Y motivational theory.....................................................................................7
Illustration 3: Frederick Herzberg's theory......................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Organization behavior is a study and theory which are based on people, individual and
groups. It defines the nature of employees and workers toward their work and firm. Moreover, it
plays an important role in organization because with the help of this, company can easily
evaluate the nature and skills of employees (Robbins, Judge and Boyle,2013). The main reason
to use this behavior at organization is to create a better management system and develop the
skills of workers. Present report is based on two different organization and both are famous for
their customers satisfaction. First firm is City College, it is a teaching organization who guide
their students and raise their knowledge. It is famous for their management system.
The second one is enterprise car rental it is driving company who provides a car
and taxi services to their customers and famous for their fast delivery services and for
better working environment (Mendesand Stander, 2011). This report also include the
role and objectives of both organization and how they create a positive environment for
their employees. Moreover, different cultural theories, motivation styles have been
covered in this report.
TASK 1
1.1 Types of organization and their associated culture
Organization structure clear the role and responsibility of each department. It is
based on the nature of company. City College and enterprise car company both used
different culture which are explained as follows:
Structure Name Description
Product based organization structure This culture is use by enterprise car company.
It is customer oriented structure where firm
provides their product and services as per
customers demand. For example, this firm try
their best to satisfies their customers so as per
customers demand they supply their car, taxi
and cabs. Further, for better positive
relationship this organization provides 24 hour
driver facilities to their permanent customers
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(Wong, Wong and Ngo, 2012). In this structure
company follow centralize and decentralized
decision making process.
Staff organization structure In this structure, organization follow the
standard form. Like everything is decided in
company for example who give the instruction
to whom. It is a systematic approach and
create less misunderstanding among all staff
member. For example, in City College
principal guide their all teacher and teacher
instruct their students.
Organization culture depends on employees customs and values. In company it plays an
important role because according to culture, firm decide their future staratigies and launch their
new products and services. Both organization follows different culture at their workplace which
are explained as follows:
City College follow power culture at their workplace in this all main power holding by
the principal of college and other teacher and staff members follow their instruction. For better
understanding principal guide and motivate them and take them into the decision making
process. So by this, they all are feel motivated and give their best at workplace (del Mar Alonso-
Almeida and Rodríguez-Antón, 2011). In other hand, Enterprise Car Rental follow task culture
where all employees beat the targets and get promotion and appraisal. All decision are taken by
high authority and board of managers. For better management, managers appoint one team leader
who guide their all employees and motivate them. The negative point of this culture is, managers
do not take suggestion from their staff members so sometimes they feel demotivated.
1.2 Cultural and structure impact on the organization
Culture of an organization is based on customs and behavior of employees and it also
provides a standard form to company. The structure of firm decided by the head department,
where they decide all power and responsibility (Kitchin, 2010). It is true that, if company follow
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all the culture value so they can easily raise their profit and by providing better structure at
workplace they can reduce the misunderstanding among all employees. Firm culture and
structure are also helpful In decision making process and the main reason behind this is culture
and structure are always based on internal and external environment of organization. For
example,Enterprise Car Rental Company, manager change their HR department into HR
profession so by these employees can easily feel the changes and know their responsibility
toward the organization.
1.3 Factors affecting employees/ individual behavior
In organization so may factors affect the quality and behavior of employees toward the
company. There are some points which are explained as follows:
Work culture- Employees performance are based on how their company treat them. If
firm provide a good working environment and facilities to their staff members so they can easily
give their best potential. Both organizations are famous for their employees satisfaction (Tsai and
Wu, 2010). They time to time motivate their workers by giving them appraisal and promotion.
Effective communication-For better understanding effective and positive communication
is necessary otherwise it creates a misunderstanding. In Enterprise Company head mangers time
to time discuss with their team members and try their best to solve their problems (Organisation
and management factors, 2016)
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Illustration 1: Factors effective employees
behaviour
Sources: (Organisation and management factors,
2016)

For better development and positive relationship with their employees, both organization
time to time take feedback from them. According to workers reviews firm change their
management strategies.
TASK 2
2.1 Effect of different leadership styles on the organization
Autocratic leadership style- This leadership style is used by enterprise car rental. This
style also knows as Hitler behavior style . It means, leader behavior is strict for their all team
members and all decision are taken by high authority. In this decision making process they do
not allowed their team members and also do not take any suggestion from them. The negative
point of this leadership style is nobody can change the decision of leader and some time by this,
employees feel demotivated (Shah and Ghulam Sarwar Shah, 2010). So by this, they do not give
their best potential
Democratic leadership style- The second name of this leadership style is Participative
Style. It is much better than autocratic and it is used by City College. In this style principal
involved their all staff members in decision making process. Where they give their suggestion
and views but the final decision is taken by high authority (Wood, Zeffane and Creed, 2010).
Moreover, time to time motivate them and give their suggestion which are based on work. In this
leadership styles , team leader divide the whole work according to employees capacity and skills.
2.2 Organization behavior theory raise the practices of management
Organization behavior is based on individual and groups where managers evaluate the
nature of employees toward their workplace. Moreover, it also identifies the factors which
influences workers nature and behavior. There are some theories which are used by both
organization explained as follows:
Human behavior theory- This theory explain the changing behavior of employees and
how organization deal with it. it is necessary for leaders to understand the need and desire of
employees and time to time motivate them. Moreover,team leaders can take a feedback from
their workers which are based on working condition and salary (Llewellyn and Hindmarsh,
2010). According to their review leader can easily understand the reason of behavior changing.
Employees are back bone of organization so it is important of mangers to provide them good
salary so they can easily fulfill their basic desire.
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Leadership theory- This theory of organization behavior focused on how company
increase their efficiency. So Enterprise Car Rental Company divide their whole work into groups
and the reason behind this is team work is always better than individual work. Moreover, leaders
appoint one team leader in each group who guide their employees and solve their problems.
Classical approach theory- It is a systematic organization behavior their, which is used
by City College. In this principal follow standard format of communication and power
distribution. This format explains that who give the order to whom and who will follow all the
instruction.
So with the knowledge of different theories leaders or mangers can easily understand the
changing behavior of employees (Jing and Avery, 2011). Then as per workers' suggestion they
change their management strategies theories. Further, by these theories management system
easily raise the practices of managers at workplace and teach them how to interact with their
other employees.
2.3 Different approaches of management used by City College and Enterprise Car Rental
Company
Organization behavior is a comprehensive theory which include all the individual and
groups for agree on some objectives or goal. There are some theories explained below, with the
help of these theories' organization can easily raise the practices of management:
Human relation approach- Both City College and enterprise car company use this
approach of management. Enterprise Company put their best efforts for employees satisfaction,
for this they provide a good working condition and also time to time motivate them by appraisal
and promotions (Bello, 2012). In other hand, City College care about their teaching staff so
principal of college taking this approach in another way. Hear manager of college arranged
education and adventure trip for their students and teachers so by this, they feel energetic.
Moreover, this college try to develop the passion of their teachers and time to time raise the
knowledge of teaching staff by giving them proper training.
The contingency approach- In this approach mangers of both organization find out the
suitable way of management rather than right way (Leslie and Canwell, 2010). City College and
Enterprise Company is new so they always try to adopt some new and innovative management
ideas at their workplace. Both company change their internal strategies time to time so it is best
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approach for them. Because with the help of this approach, leaders analysis the situation first
than take a suitable decision which are beneficiary for employees and organization.
TASK 3
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles used by the company for the motivation in the
period of change
According to Leslie and Canwell, (2010) with the help of leadership style
company can easily manage their whole work and by providing proper motivation boost
up energy of another employees. As a time passes the responsibility of leaders change,
few decades ago leaders are only for decision making but now nowadays leaders
understand the need and desire of other employees and also motivate them. In
Enterprise Company, head department allot one team leaders in each team where they
guide their employees into their work and solve their problem which are related to
work.
Success of organisation is not only depends on managers or leaders but
employees plays an important role at workplace. They all are backbone of organisation
and give their support by beat all the target and complete their all work on time. Further,
by providing good work they create a good image of firm into the external environment.
In 21 th century leader motivate their employee by giving them appraisal and promotions.
Moreover, right motivation boost up the energy of employees and they can easily give
their 100% at workplace. City College and Enterprise Company update their strategies
time to time a use all latest technology at their promises. So by these employees can
easily finish their all work on time and manage organisation position into the
competitive market.
3.2 Different motivational theories which are based on the workplace
Motivation is very important for employees and staff members because most of time they
feel demotivated and do not perform well in the organization. So with the help of right guidance
they all can easily boost up their knowledge and energy and come back with their best potential.
Both organization used different motivational theories which are explained as follows:
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X and Y motivational theory used by enterprise car rent company- This theory's used by
company where managers plays an X factor role. In this role, head person take all the decision
and do not involve their other team members. So by this thing workers feel demotivated and
some time lose their all hopes from company. So this motivational theory change the perspective
of mangers for their employees (MOTIVATION, 2014). This approach changes the hard and rude
nature into soft nature so after this approach manger of city enterprise includes their all workers
into decision making process and time to time guide and motivate them into their work so by
this, they feel motivated and give their best efforts to company. In decision making process head
person take a final decision but for this they take a suggestion from all departments and staff
members.
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Illustration 2: X and Y motivational theory
Sources: (MOTIVATION, 2014)

Frederick Herzberg's theory used by City College-This theory explain the satisfaction
and dissatisfaction factors which are based on different situations. For example, dissatisfaction
factor includes college polices, rules and regulation for teaching staff and how teacher are treated
by other team members. In other hand there are some satisfaction factors also which are based on
high salary, appraisal and promotions (Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, 2016). So with the help
of these factors team leader can easily determine the positive and negative factors of employees
and the changing behaviour toward company. Further, herzberg also explains the nature of
human and desire. So for better convenience they divided into two part. First one is based on
physiological need which describe basic need of human person like food, shelter etc. The second
need is based on psychological need which are related to personal development.
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Illustration 3: Frederick Herzberg's theory
Sources:(Herzberg's Two-factor Theory, 2016)

3.3 Usefulness of a motivation theory for the managers
 Managers use this for understand the need and desire of their employees.
 With the help of motivation approach leaders can easily take all the decision.
 By this, head person can easily guide their workers (Robbins, Judge and Boyle,2013).
 It is based on comprehensive study so this theory provide deep research into all sectors.
 It also creates a better communication in all sectors.
TASK 4
4.1 Nature of groups and group behaviour in both organisation
In organization, groups are divided into two parts, first one is formal group where all
employees follow a particular standard format (Mendesand Stander, 2011). This group is made
for some particular projects and all members of this group follow all the rules and regulation
which are given by organization. Further, in organization the second group is known as informal
group, this kind of group made for some activity and as per personal interest and this group do
not follow any rules and standard format.
Both organization believe in team work because by this employee raise their knowledge
and build the power of trust. Group leaders plays an important role because they guide their team
members time to time and also providing them appraisal and motivation (Wong, Wong and Ngo,
2012). Further, team leaders plays a mediator role between the head departmental and
employees.
4.2 Factors that promote the development in the organization and the team work in the City
College and Enterprise Company
Team work is always better than individual work because when two or more people work
together so they share their different ideas and views to each other. There are some points which
are explained as follows;
Training- By this activity both organization build the knowledge of their team members.
Moreover, in this activity managers guide their employees by providing them the latest
technology. Company also raise their brand image into competitive business world. In training
period company invite some high authority who guide their workers by sharing their person
experience which are related to work.
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Motivations- Proper guidance is always beneficiary for employees. By this they feel
motivated and give their best performance at workplace (del Mar Alonso-Almeida and
Rodríguez-Antón, 2011).
Incentive- City College and Enterprise Company time to time provides incentives and
appraisal to their employees. So by this activity employees feel enthusiastic and perform well.
4.3 The impact of technology on team functioning in the both organization
The Latest technology is very important for both organization because with the help of
high and innovative technology company can easily beat the competitive environment. As per
example, City College use power point presentation and video teaching method at their college.
So first it raises the interest of students and secondly they all can easily gain knowledge .
Moreover, in Enterprise Company , managers provides a WiFi technology to their drivers, so
with the help of this latest technology drivers can easily find the way (Shah and Ghulam Sarwar
Shah, 2010). Further, both organization make their online website where they put their all
business details. So by using this website customers and student can easily give a suggestion to
firm. For Enterprise Company, customers also book their driver and taxi by using this website.
So it is clear that latest technology is very important for the better development of organization.
CONCLUSION
According to present report it has been concluded that the knowledge of organization
behavior is important for the better development of company. By using the latest technology and
training firm can easily beat the competitive market. City College and Enterprise Company time
to time update their strategies and according to employees feedback provides a better working
environment to them. Moreover, both firm believes in team work rather than individual work so
for this activity, they appoint one team leader in each department who guide their employees and
motivate them.
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REFERENCES
Books and journal
Bello, S. M., 2012. Impact of ethical leadership on employee job performance. International
Journal of Business and Social Science. 3(11).
del Mar Alonso-Almeida, M. and Rodríguez-Antón, J. M., 2011. Organisational behaviour and
strategies in the adoption of certified management systems: an analysis of the Spanish hotel
industry. Journal of Cleaner Production. 19(13). pp.1455-1463.
Jing, F. F. and Avery, G. C., 2011. Missing links in understanding the relationship between
leadership and organizational performance. International Business & Economics Research
Journal (IBER). 7(5).
Kitchin, D., 2010. An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers.
Routledge.
Leslie, K. and Canwell, A., 2010. Leadership at all levels: Leading public sector organisations in
an age of austerity. European Management Journal. 28(4). pp.297-305.
Llewellyn, N. and Hindmarsh, J., 2010. Organisation, interaction and practice: Studies of
ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. Cambridge University Press.
Mendes, F. and Stander, M. W., 2011. Positive organisation: The role of leader behaviour in
work engagement and retention. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 37(1). pp.1-13.
Rice, A. K., 2013. Productivity and social organization: The Ahmedabad experiment: Technical
innovation work organization and management. Routledge.
Robbins, S., Judge, T. A. and Boyle, M., 2013. Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher
Education AU.
Ruozi, R. and Anderloni, L., 2013. Banking privatisation in Europe: the process and the
consequences on strategies and organisational structures. Springer Science & Business
Media.
Shah, N. and Ghulam Sarwar Shah, S., 2010. Relationships between employee readiness for
organisational change, supervisor and peer relations and demography. Journal of
Enterprise Information Management. 23(5). pp.640-652.
Tsai, Y. and Wu, S. W., 2010. The relationships between organisational citizenship behaviour,
job satisfaction and turnover intention. Journal of clinical nursing. 19(23‐24). pp.3564-
3574.
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Wong, Y. T., Wong, C. S. and Ngo, H. Y., 2012. The effects of trust in organisation and
perceived organisational support on organisational citizenship behaviour: a test of three
competing models. The International Journal of Human Resource Management. 23(2).
pp.278-293.
Wood, J., Zeffane, R. and Creed, A., 2010. Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and
applications. John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.
Online
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/10.+Job+Design>. [Accessed on 16th April
2016].
MOTIVATION. 2014. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.bearweb.dk/Survey/Motivation.htm>. [Accessed on 16th April 2016].
Organisation and management factors. 2016. [Online]. Available through:
<http://www.bearweb.dk/Survey/Motivation.htm>. [Accessed on 16th April 2016].
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