Research Design and Data Analysis in Psychology

This module covers research design and data analysis in psychology, including inferential statistics, study design, and assumptions. Output 2 discusses the impact of isolation measures on energy levels and the use of physical fitness, stress management, and other factors. Output 3 covers the use of acceptance and commitment therapy in promoting mental health and school engagement in university students. References include studies on the impact of isolation measures on energy intake and physical activity levels in Australian university students and the use of acceptance and commitment therapy in promoting mental health and school engagement in university students.

Module title Research Design and Data
analysis in Psychology

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 2.....................................................................................................................................2
Output 2:......................................................................................................................................2
Output 3:......................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

SECTION 2
Output 2:
a.
The inferential statistics used in this is correlation where the association between the
groups can be determined. Whereas, regression analysis is also used to reflect the output and
determine the significance difference between the variables.
b.
The study design used for the present output is related to quantitative in which
independent variable are client’s general health, physical fitness, level of experienced stress over
the past months in numbers. However, dependent variable is energy level which is measured in
Joule.
c.
Through the output generated, it has been identified that there is no assumption relied
because outcome contain only results. This in turn shows that the results might not be reliable
and the inferential tool used for the presenting the data is not reliable. This in turn shows that
when assumption of an analysis are not met then other options need to be check.
d.
In accordance with the correlation analysis, it been identified that relation between
energy level between general health is lower negative which indicated that there is no association
between the variable and there will be no changes identified over energy level. Further,
association between energy level and physical fitness is also lower negative which also reflect
poor relationship, however, energy level and stress over last month shared the moderate
association which indicated that there will be there is an impact over energy level.
On the other side, as per the regression statistics model summary, it has been identified
that there is a moderate relationship between overall variable because the value of R is 0.54 that
shows there is change identified over the results. However, the value of R square indicated that

there will be only 29% change identified over the results. This shows that if any of the
independent variable change, 29% of the change observe over energy level. Apart from this, the
anova table reflected that there is a significance relationship between the energy level and other
independent variable that indicated that alternative hypothesis has accepted over other. The
reason behind the same is such that the value of p is 0.00 which is lower than 0.05 and that is
why, it can be stated that there is a direct impact over energy level. Gallo and et.al., (2020) has
also supported that physical activity mainly influence health behavior and if an individual is
physical healthy then the chances of energy consume will be high and perform the best as
compared to other sports men. That is why, it has been realized that energy level of an individual
has affected from many factors and it is depend upon the individual how they actually perform
by considering their physical health, stress management and other item. Overall, it can be stated
that energy level of a sportsmen is actually depend upon the how physical fit an individual is
because it makes a body stronger and improve the posture that in turn assist to increase the
energy level to perform well.
Output 3:
a.
The inferential tool used to provide valid outcome is independent sample t-test which
assist to compare the means of two independent groups in order to identify whether there is a
statistical evidence between the associated population. In this question, there are different
variables and to determine the association an independent sample t test under parametric test has
been used. In addition to this, one way anova is also used in this that compare the two groups in
order to show characteristic of a single variable at a single time.
b.
In accordance with the study design, there is only one dependent variable which include
improvement score that is measured in percentage. However, there are different independent
variable that is therapy in which Binge Eating, social anxiety, low self-esteem is used. Along
with this, type of therapy is also fall under independent variable that involve talking therapy,
talking + body therapy etc.

c.
The assumption relied upon the independent sample t-test includes no significant outliers
in the groups because there is no outlier present in the graph which indicated that the test is run
without any assumption. Therefore, the homogeneity of variance should be included that helps to
determine the variance of outcome in each group in order to present the findings in accurate
manner.
d.
Through the output table of Levene’s test of equality of Error variance, it has been
identified that there is no main difference between the groups because the value of p is greater
than 0.05 and that is why, null hypothesis has accepted over other, Also, it can be stated that
there is no changes identified over the dependent variable when a small fluctuation is identified
over independent. In addition to this, the independent sample t-test also indicated that there is a
mean difference between the group of therapy and improvement score because the value of
significant difference is lower than 0.05 and this shows that alternative hypothesis has accepted
over other. Further, it is further analysed that there is also significant difference between the
mean group of social anxiety and improvement score as the significance difference shows lower
value (0.02) than standard criteria.
Further, with the client experience to low self-esteem, it has been also identified that
mean group of both the variable is lower than the standard criteria and this shows that alternative
hypothesis is accepted over null. Therefore, it can be stated that there is a changes identified over
the improvement score when the client experience has change to another.
Grégoire and et.al., (2018) also reflected in their study that a successful engagement only rely
upon the healthy attachment and exchange of positive emotion. This is also including that when
there is a level of trust and unconditional positive emotion then it affects the engagement of
therapy. Apart from this, the type of therapy is also included in this which entails that therapy
has a direct connection and this shows their engagement.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Gallo, L.A. and et.al., 2020. The impact of isolation measures due to COVID-19 on energy
intake and physical activity levels in Australian university students. Nutrients. 12(6).
p.1865.
Grégoire, S. and et.al., 2018. The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to promote mental
health and school engagement in university students: A multisite randomized controlled
trial. Behavior Therapy. 49(3). pp.360-372.