Employee Motivation and Job Performance

This assignment delves into the complexities of employee motivation, analyzing various theories that explain what drives individuals to perform at their best. It examines both intrinsic motivation (stemming from internal satisfaction) and extrinsic motivation (driven by external rewards), highlighting their impact on employee engagement and job performance. The assignment also discusses the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory and its relevance in understanding employee motivations.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Table of Contents
Submission 1: Research Design Proposal........................................................................................3
Chapter 1: Introduction...............................................................................................................3
Chapter 2: Research Methodology..............................................................................................4
Chapter 3: Data analysis..............................................................................................................7
Chapter 4: Ethics, Values, Referencing and Presentation...........................................................7
Submission 2: Literature Review.....................................................................................................7
Literature Review Introduction...................................................................................................7
Main Body...................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

Submission 1: Research Design Proposal
Chapter 1: Introduction
Title: To identity the influence of Motivational Theory upon employees performance. A case
study on Vodafone Malta Limited.
Introduction of the Research
Motivation is the process through which individual can perform operations in desirable
manner. It is clear that motivation has direct impact on performance of workforce in positive
manner. In organisation, there are numerous employees having different demands and needs, so
there must be some bridge between organisational and personal goals (Bhuvanaiah and Raya,
2015). So in this case, motivational theory are essential and relevant for making long term
relations with employees and attaining goals and objectives of association. This is the technique
which helps association in dealing with changes which are taking place in external environment.
There are different methods of motivating employees such as monetary, non monetary benefits,
etc. In order to motivate workforce it is responsibility of managers to analyse requirement of
employees to motivate them.
This research is based on Vodafone Malta Limited which is one of the leading brand in
telecommunication sector. This association have head quarter in Luqa, Malta. Its parent
organisation is Vodafone and established in 1989. There are different techniques used by
managers of Vodafone Malta Limited for motivating employees such as promotion, transfer, etc.
which helps to make long term relations with workforce and their personal objectives can also
achieved. For instance: there are some incentives, commissions for sales personnel of Vodafone
Malta Limited on attaining sales targets in order to satisfy them. This helps to motivate
employees as well as organisational goals are also achieved.
Motivation of employees can be understood with proper theory such as Maslow's Need
Hierarchy, Herberz's two factor theory, Vroom's expectancy theory, Locke's Goal setting theory,
etc. With the help of these theories managers of Vodafone Malta Limited, it is easy to make
understand demand of employees and then improve working style of workforce. Vodafone
Malta Limited has its identity because of workforce who deals with consumers and provide best
services (Call, Nyberg and Thatcher, 2015). With the help of motivation workforce gives its best
hence organisational targets can be achieved such as long term sustainability, expansion of

business, etc. There is difference in perception of workforce, so it is responsibility of manager to
understand their demand with personal interaction, etc. so employees are motivated and they
want to become part of association for longer period. Performance are analysed on regular basis,
and performance appraisal policies must be clear to workforce. In case of excellent performance
by employees, there must be reward, so confidence and motivation can be achieved which helps
in achieving organisational targets. Motivational theory plays crucial role in performance of
employees, this is relevant for making good image in industry. With satisfaction of employees, it
is clear to make retain employees for longer time, hence employees wants to join Vodafone
Malta Limited and outshine among competitors in terms of revenues, sales, consumer
satisfaction (Carpenter and de Charon, 2014).
Research Questions
 How to Build effective team after application of useful motivational approaches Research
Objectives
 What are the ways used by Vodafone Malta Limited in order to enhance employees
performance.
 How to retain employees for long period of time through application of effective
motivational techniques.
Research Objectives
 To build effective team within 2 months of time period after application of useful
motivational approaches to improve departmental performance by 15%.
 To increase employees performance within 1 months by utilization of effective
motivational theory to improve the productivity of an organization by 20%.
 To increase employees performance within 1 months by utilization of effective
motivational theory to improve the productivity of an organization by 20%.
Chapter 2: Research Methodology
Theoretical and systematic principles which are applied in the research are known as
research methodology. It makes a research relevant and robust. There are many approaches and
philosophies used in research methodology which help in achieving the objective of research.
Research onion is the framework which is used to step up the methods of research methodology.
There are different layers of research which are explained here as under.
Research Philosophy:

It is introduces to the set of beliefs or content concerning the reality nature which being
investigated. There are two type of research philosophy such as interpretivism and positivism. In
this report, interpretivism philosophy is used because it assist in evaluating information in
effective manner (DiPietro, Kline and Nierop, 2014.). Accurate data about the topic is also help
an investigator to arrive appropriate conclusion for the research. On the other side, positivism
philosophy is not used by the researcher because it not help in evaluating data effectively.
Description of method
There are many methods which are included in it such as qualitative and quantitative
research options, primary and secondary source of data collection, research approach, research
strategy, time horizon. These are explained here as under:
Research Approach:
There are basically two research approach namely inductive and deductive. Investigator
can apply deductive approach because in which they can easily develop an effective theory and
hypotheses as well as design a research strategy in order to test such hypothesis. On the other
side, in regards of inductive approach researcher will gather information and develop theory as
the output of his data analysis which is not appropriate according to the topic.
Primary and Secondary Research:
There are two types of data collection techniques in this research. The primary data
collection technique and the secondary data collection technique. In primary data collection
technique, the data is collected by structured questionnaire which is prepared for the respondents
to collect the data. The questionnaire made in the research should be close ended so that the
respondents can achieve the objective of research (Lazaroiu, 2015). The collection of data
through primary research is comparatively new and real because the data is collected through the
respondents. This type of data collection technique has a great influence through the time. If the
research is not completed within time than the data will not keep its robustness in future. This is
all happen because of the changing perception of respondents. Another method for the collection
of data is secondary. In this type of data collection technique, the data is collected by books,
magazines, journals etc. The data collected through secondary sources is standardized and
universal in nature. The data will remain same also in future and will acquire its robustness and
reliability also. In this research the data is collected through primary sources.
Sample size and Sampling Method:

Research sampling is the number of respondents which are stated to answer the questions
of research questionnaire. The respondents should have good knowledge of the objective of
research. Therefore the respondents should know about the facts and issues of research. The
survey questionnaire is first sent to test out the clarity of questions. If questions are good and
understandable to all the respondents than there will be no change allowed in that. But if any of
the respondents are unable to understand the questionnaire than the required changes are
considered to be updated. In this research the approach taken is convenience sampling approach
because it best fits with the pragmatist research philosophy (Li, Barrick, Zimmerman and
Chiaburu, 2014). This research approach also helps the researcher to identify the potential
respondents to answer the questions of research. There are total 25 respondents taken in this
research sampling.
Qualitative and quantitative research approach:
There are two type of research approaches taken in research methodologies but in this
research the approach taken is qualitative. This approach is best fitted with the contribution of
pragmatist research philosophy. The quantitative research approach is best fitted with inductive
research approach. The qualitative research approach requires quality in the questionnaire
because the respondents requires a close ended questionnaire. It helps in making the research
more wider in scope so that more research activities can be included in it. The qualitative
approach finds the research more relevant and robust.
Time Horizon:
This layer of the onion framework is refer as an important and useful part which help the
researcher to identify time period related to starting and ending of research activities. For this,
Gantt Chart is introduce as an essential time framework which gives a graphical illustration of a
schedule that assists to coordinate, plan and track particular tasks in a project. The research
project should have been completed within time. If it is not done than the reliability and validity
of research hurts.
Research Strategy:
There are different number of research strategy used by researcher with the purpose of
achieving research goals (Miner, 2015). For this, survey, case study, experiment, action research,
ethnography, archival research, grounded theory etc. all this are main part of research strategy
and assist an investigator to accumulate accurate data about the topic. Apart from this, according

to the research topic, survey is most suitable strategy because it provide proper information
related to the topic. The approach taken in the research strategy is case study approach, this type
of approach is best fits with the pragmatist research philosophy. This type of research strategy
helps in identifying the main issues related with the case study of research. The objectives of
research are also in the minds of researcher (Njoroge and Yazdanifard, 2014). This provides
stronger relevance in terms of applicability of the research results. If general research approach is
taken into consideration in spite of case study approach, the findings in this research will not
remain robust and relevant.
Chapter 3: Data analysis
Data analysis is the technique which is used to conduct research. It helps to provide in-depth and
proper information with this approach. There are different approaches for data analysis which
help[s to analyse data and interpretate it properly. In this research, there is use of thematic
approach is used to analyse research data. Thematic analysis is part of qualitative method for
collection of data. This is the technique which is cluster of methods for identification of pattern
for data set. This analysis is used which shows brief overview of question which is asked in
questionnaire of research. This approach is used when some in sight knowledge about the
research topic (Schaufeli and Taris, 2014). This helps to provide some idea about the topic to
reader and hence it is easy to understand and recognise it. With the help of proper data analysis,
it is easy to understand and collect in- depth and proper information about research topic.
Chapter 4: Ethics, Values, Referencing and Presentation
This research is conducted under proper guidance and in ethical manner. There are many
information which is collected from respondents in order to collect and interpretate information
about it. Research is conducted with maintaining proper values and codes to provide appropriate
conclusion and recommendation on the relevant topic. Reference is the technique which is used
to make information authentic and provide source of collecting information. In this research,
references are collected from proper and authentic source, hence it is easy for researcher to
collect verify its data which is mentioned in this report (Vasquez, 2014.). Presentation of this
research is under guidance hence this is proper and gives proper overview of topic. With proper
presentation, it is easy to provide information to readers. Proper presentation helps to improve
knowledge of reader and researcher is able to perform research in near future.

Submission 2: Literature Review
Literature Review Introduction
A Literature Review is systematic, explicit, reproducible and approach which helps in
identification, evaluation and synthesizing the information about research topic. This is
important for complete recording of research aims and objectives in research. In this research,
there is discussion about aims and objectives of scholars and practitioners for conducting
research. In this research, there is discussion about motivation theories hence literature review
provides knowledge about application of different theories which helps to provide knowledge
about implementation of motivational theories. Literature review provides information about
ways through which information about ways through which performance of employees can be
improved with the help of proper motivation.
Literature review is done on the behalf of authentic and relevant sources and authors.
Hence information which is provided in this research is authentic which helps to give in- depth
knowledge about topic. Researcher has to emphasise on literature review because techniques for
motivation of employees can be understood by this section. Reader can get overview of topic
with the help of literature review, so it is easy to understand topic of research. Hence it is clear
that literature review is one of the essential part of research which helps to provide information
about topic to reader.
Main Body
Effective team after application of useful motivational approaches Research Objectives.
According to the view point of Louis Beavers (2019), keeping employees motivated is a
biggest challenge and for this it is required that a person have proper knowledge about the
behaviour of a person. This can further help a company in making an effective team which can
assist organisation in improving its quality and change the process of accomplishing activities in
a better manner. Thus, a team should have similar components with the help of which objectives
can be achieved. While working in a team it provides workers with an opportunity of working
with talented employees and learn new things which can be further contributes in overall success
of the company. Elements like communication, leadership, performance review etc., plays a
crucial role and assist firm in delivering best out of the same. Some of the motivational approach
through which effective team can be made are explained below:

Providing effective workplace: An individual can be productive in ideas if they are
provided with better working environment where workers can express their views and thoughts
for accomplishing any kind of activity. Whatever working environment is provided it must be
good instead of bad and this can be done by having mutual understanding between employees.
Offering opportunities for self-development: While working in an organisation an
individual can only enhance if he/she has the capability of grabbing opportunities. This will not
only assist the person in learning new skills but also provides a chance of becoming more
knowledgeable in regards with activities that are needed for accomplishing task.
Encouraging instead of punishing for the failure: All makes mistakes, its a part of life
and through this a person can learn valuable lessons. If there are genuine mistakes than
employees should not punished as this can put down the morale of a workers. To motivate
employees, manager of the company can conduct meetings and discuss the issues because of
which work is getting hampered.
Setting clear goals: This factor plays a crucial role in motivating employees because in
some cases if workers don't know about clear goals and objectives than it can put them in chaos.
According to a study, it has been analysed that 63 percent of workers waste time because they
are not aware of task they are to perform. Therefore, if a person know what exactly he/she has to
do than priorities get changed further strategies can be made for achieving set objectives in
speculated time frame.
Therefore, there are many components through which morale of employees can be
motivated and but these have to be according to benefits of employees. As a result, it will
develop a sense of belongingness towards the company.
The ways used by Vodafone Malta Limited in order to enhance employees performance.
Vodafone Malta Limited, is a subsidiary of British multinational telecommunications and
comes under one of the largest service provider in this sector. According to Vasquez, 2014,
enhance employee performance is one of the important task for every business organization to
attain their set goals and objectives in stipulate time frame. In this, manager of the company is
responsible for understanding actual performance of the workers at workplace so that they can
easily improve their productivity level. For attaining the same, company use various techniques
to improve workforce performance and also make them able to accept all the challenges. This
will directly contribute in improving overall performance of the company at market place. In this

context, there are some important techniques used by Vodafone Malta Limited to improve
employees performance:
Communicate clear expectations: It is important for manager of Vodafone Malta
Limited to make sure that all the workers are clear about goals and work activities at workplace.
By this they can easily improve their performance level. For this, manager is responsible for
communicate with them on the daily basis. If all the employees have proper knowledge about the
goals that they easily perform their best and attain set target.
Make sure performance appraisals are consistent: For improving productivity and
performance of workers, company needs to make sure that workers get regular and timely
appraisals. It directly contribute in enhancing workers morale towards the allotted task activities.
Make employees development a priority: It is also important for Vodafone Malta
Limited to keep their workers on priority so that they can easily motivate them by providing
better training and development programs. This will increase the chances of making workers
capable to perform their task.
Take steps towards improving morale: For improving employees performance,
manager of Vodafone Malta Limited to create positive work environment in which employees
are feel more comfortable at the time of performing their task. Along with this, manager also
give them benefits related with salary, incentives and many more to improve their morale at
workplace. It directly contribute in enhancing their productivity level within the organization.
Utilisation of right technology: In this rapid changing world there many new
technologies have evolved and it has made the working of companies easier. But it is crucial that
company used the right technology according to the field in which they are operating their
business. For instance: Vodafone Malta Limited is a telecommunication brand so for them it is
important for them to incorporate tools through which their services of networking can be made
effective in nature. As a result, it will not only provide a chance to employees of learning new
things but also enable them in doing their activities more effectively.
Empower employees for doing their best: Providing empowerment to workers can
provide them with an authority of taking decisions which can further puts an impact on the
growth of company. Furthermore, Vodafone Malta Limited can provide opportunities through
different activities and resources. For instance: starting “employee of the month” or any other

reward system, as a result, this will motivate workers in performing better every time. Therefore,
this will firm in achieving their targets in speculated time frame.
Retention of employees for long period of time through application of effective motivational
techniques.
According to Brent, (2019), the psychological and behavioural process that leads to
motivate someone to act in a desired way are considered as motivational techniques. These
techniques can be distinguished in two theories of motivation which are content theory and
process theory. Content theories helps in uncovering answer for WHAT, while the Process
theory defines HOW the people are motivated. Content theories are mainly used in work place
because they have a great impact on management activities and policies. Content theories are
also characterised as need theories as it helps in analysing the needs of a employee in the
organisation. Whereas , on the other hand process theories defines HOW motivation occurs. To
retain the employees for a long period of time Vodafone need to apply these motivational
techniques. Maslow's needs hierarchy is one of the main content theories and victor vroom's
expectancy theory is main process theories.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs:
It is one of the most widely used motivational techniques. It defines the basic needs at the bottom
and complexed one at top of its pyramid. Physiological needs- these needs consist of very basic in nature which are mainly
required to survive like food, water, air, shelter, etc. These needs are the most basic and
very important in comparison of all the other needs. Vodafone should ensure that these
basic need of the employees are provided to them for their sustainability. Safety and security- these needs are related to a secure source of income, a place to live
in a healthy and well being environment. Vodafone is responsible to ensure the security
needs for its employees. So, that they can work with a motivated spirit for the objective
of the organisation. It is important for an organisation to secure its employees with
personal and financial securities. Belongingness and love- when a person is fulfilled with its basic and security needs then
they derive for love and belongingness at the place they work. Vodafone needs to make
its employees feel a part of the community and to shower affection at times by proper

communication. This is a great motivation for the employees which connects them to the
organisation. Esteem- this need is of recognition as a respected and honourable human being. In this a
person need is to be valued and to receive appreciation by others. Vodafone should
ensure that they are giving value to their employees and recognising their efforts for the
company.
 Self- actualization- it reflects the desire of a person to grow and to achieve till its fullest
capabilities. Vodafone should make sure to give fair chance to its employees to grow at
managerial positions in company when required to keep them motivated and to encourage
them to work harder.
Vroom's expectancy theory:
This is used to figure out the choices people make from the available actions.
 Expectancy- this is concerned with the efforts a person wants to make because it is a
belief that more efforts will result in high success. The employee will motivate
themselves to put extra efforts when Vodafone will give them opportunities to grow
within the organisation.
 Instrumentality- it describes the belief that if a person will perform well the work will be
rewarded. Vodafone should imbibe this belief in the employees to motivate them by
giving timely rewards for the excellence in work.
Valence- This is concerned with the value of the reward a person is receiving for its efforts is of
worth or not. Vodafone should make sure that the efforts of the employees are rewarded with the
equal worth of their hard work to keep them motivated and to sustain their presence in the
organisation for a long time.
Conclusion
From this research it can be concluded that, Vodafone Malta is facing a serious issue in
its organization about their work. To overcome this situation they are required to motive their
employees so that their working performance increases accordingly. To increase their working
performance different motivational approaches are used which helps an employee to motivate
itself. The effect of these motivational theories is also considered in the succession of company.
To increase the performance of employees, Vodafone Malta have used many ways. These ways
helps the employees to motivate themselves. When employees gets motivated enough so that

they can do beyond their efficiency, the working performance of employees also increases. Thus
Vodafone, can increase its employees performance with the help of different ways. In the end,
there are different motivational theories used in this research to motivate the employees so that
they can work efficiently for the company. The motivational theories are process theory and
content theory of motivation. The process theory of motivation allows the employee to motivate
itself from its past finding and experiences. In case of content theory, the employees are
motivated with the help of Maslow's hierarchy of needs of employees. These needs have the
basic requirements of an employee. When an employee's basic requirement fulfilled than the next
requirement comes into existence. This motivational theory works form layers such as lower to
higher. As the layers of motivation fulfilled the next layer comes and than motivation is done.

REFERENCES
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