Research Methods for Strategic Managers (Research Proposal)

This research proposal aims to critically analyze the impact of employee turnover on the productivity of the Genting group, Malaysia. It includes a literature review on the concept of employee turnover, the relationship between employee turnover and productivity, and strategies to reduce turnover. The study will identify the factors affecting employee turnover and recommend effective strategies to mitigate it.

Research Methods for strategic
managers (Research proposal)

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................1
Background..................................................................................................................................1
Aim and objectives......................................................................................................................1
Research questions.......................................................................................................................2
Conceptual model of the study....................................................................................................2
Problem statement.......................................................................................................................3
Research gap................................................................................................................................4
Significance of the study.............................................................................................................4
Variables of the study..................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................5
Concept of employee turnover.....................................................................................................5
Relationship between employee turnover and productivity of Genting group, Malaysia...........6
Critically analyzing the factors affecting the employee turnover and strategies to reduce
turnover........................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.............................................................................8
Type of the study.........................................................................................................................8
Research philosophy....................................................................................................................9
Research design...........................................................................................................................9
Justification of research design....................................................................................................9
Research approach.....................................................................................................................10
Data collection...........................................................................................................................10
Sampling....................................................................................................................................10
Respondents description............................................................................................................11
Sampling size justification.........................................................................................................11

Procedure of administration of the questionnaire......................................................................11
Operationalization......................................................................................................................11
Methods of data analysis...........................................................................................................11
CHAPTER 4: EXPECTED FINDINGS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL......................................12
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION......................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
List of figures
Figure 1: Conceptual framework of the study.................................................................................3

CHAPTER 1- INTRODUCTION
Background
Employee turnover refers to the attrition rate which negatively influences the business
performance (Mowday, Porter & Steers, 2013). This demands businesses to be proactive to
understand the causes behind turnover and accordingly take necessary action to reduce the
employee turnover. However, attrition rate demands for recruiting more employee; however,
new employees demand training programs to accomplish the set objectives. However, all the
employees do not get satisfaction from the current organization, so they leave the organization
for a better future. In this context, a ratio of employees who leave the company and the vacant
position replaced by new employees comes under the section of employee turnover (Blomme,
Van Rheede & Tromp, 2010).
Employee turnover directly affects the performance of the company and satisfaction level
of the clients (Mansoor, Fida, Nasir & Ahmad, 2011). If the rate of employee turnover is higher
than retention ratio, then the productivity gets hampered to a great extent. However, to some
extent, employee turnover increases the performance of the organization by hiring new skilled
workforce (Ampomah & Cudjor, 2015; Hausknecht & Trevor, 2011). By considering the
scenario of employee turnover, several strategies are supportive of reducing the turnover within
the organization such as reward contributions, promoting a cultural environment, appoint the
right person on right position, etc. (Iqbal, 2010). Therefore, it is helpful for the organizations to
retain the employees by applying effective strategies to increase the satisfaction of personnel and
enable them to be committed towards the business.
The current study is based on the Genting group, Malaysia which is operating the
business in varied sectors such as transportation, resorts, gambling and Genting energy, etc.
Genting group is running the business in broad areas at all over the world in the field of
integrated resorts, developing casinos, etc. in Malaysia, America, UK, etc. Moreover, the
Genting group is also expanding the business in diversified areas involving power generation, e-
commerce, plantation, property, etc. (Genting Berhad, 2018).
Aim and objectives
Aim
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To critically analyze the impact of employee turnover on the productivity of the Genting
group, Malaysia.
Objectives
The objectives of the study will be as follows-
 To understand the concept of employee turnover
 To evaluate a relationship between employee turnover and productivity of Genting group,
Malaysia
 To critically analyze the factors affecting the employee turnover in the Genting group
 To recommend different strategies to deal with the employee turnover of the Genting
group and enhance the employee turnover
Research questions
Primary question
 How employee turnover affects the productivity of the Genting group, Malaysia?
Secondary questions
 What is the concept of employee turnover?
 What is the relationship between employee turnover and productivity in organizations?
 What factors affect the employee turnover in the Genting group?
 How can the employee engagement be enhanced through group-oriented organizational
culture?
Conceptual model of the study
The conceptual model has been drawn as follow which represent the link between the
variables of research and portray the relationship between selected variables-
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Figure 1: Conceptual framework of the study
Problem statement
The issue of employee turnover has a negative impact on the hospitality sector because
being a people-oriented industry. It is crucial for companies to track over the employees (Nadiri
& Tanova, 2010). The issue of rising attrition rate has a direct impact on the satisfaction level of
consumers which force them to switch to another brand. Also, it incurs the additional cost for the
business since the new workforce is hired and trained following the requirement of the company.
Although, the procedure of retaining newly skilled workforce would support business the
constant issue of employee turnover would have a significant impact on the brand image
(Zopiatis, Constanti & Theocharous, 2014; Jiang, Lepak, Hu & Baer, 2012). Although, several
studied identified the relationship between the employee turnover and productivity but less is
known about the predictive measures of turnover and other actual causes than the visible ones
(Posthuma, Campion, Masimova & Campion, 2013). Thus, lack of knowledge in the field of
academics about the hidden causes of employee turnover and its impact on the product posit the
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problem for the current study. Besides this, companies need to focus on the turnover issue for
increasing the satisfaction level of buyers and the overall rate of return. This is possible with the
alternatives to assess the causes behind the high turnover rate and responding the same with the
application of right strategies. For this purpose, the current study will be based on the problem of
rising employee turnover in the Genting group.
Research gap
Several studies have been conducted on the assessment of employee turnover; however, a
little has been done on the critical aspect such as reason, impact and strategies to mitigate the
turnover so the current study will include these on a broad level (Blomme, Van Rheede &
Tromp, 2010; Lee & Mitchell, 1994; Hom, Mitchell, Lee & Griffeth, 2012). However, the less is
known about the predictive measures before the turnover actually occur and the actual causes of
turnover rather than just quit intension of employees. Thus, current study would enhance the
academic knowledge through exploring the hidden factors behind employee turnover.
Significance of the study
This research emphasizes the reasons for employee turnover and its implications on
productivity. This would be helpful for the hospitality sector to apply suitable strategies to deal
with the high attrition rate. For instance, the outcome of the study would assess the causes behind
the attrition rate through which companies can shape their response and accordingly satisfaction
of employees can be increased. Thus, the outcome of the study will be helpful for the Genting
group and the entire industry. Apart from this, scholars will get benefits from the research in
writing the literature. Moreover, the managers of the other industries or businesses may also find
the outcome of the study helpful in increasing the productivity.
Variables of the study
 Employee turnover- According to Henry (2007), employee turnover refers to the
spinning of workers around the labor market that arises between states of employment,
unemployment, firms, occupations, etc.
 Ratio of turnover = Employees left the organization during the period/ Average number
of workers in the organization during the period
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 Productivity- According to Fletcher & Sarkar (2013), productivity shows a balance
between all the desired factors of the production that provides the higher output with
minimum efforts. Output/Input= Productivity
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Concept of employee turnover
Employees turnover is one of the challenges in front of the currently fast-growing
organizations because it creates cost and negative consequences for companies (Iqbal, 2010,
p.275). According to several studies, employee’s turnover related to a ratio in which employees
quit the organization and the vacant positions are replaced by new employees (Mowday, Porter
& Steers, 2013; Jordan & Troth, 2011; Medina, 2012). There are two types of employee’s
turnover including voluntary and non-voluntary. Moreover, employees abandon the organization
at own interest is the voluntary turnover whereas companies put the allegations on the employees
to leave the post or the company lies under non-voluntary turnover (Haines, Jalette & Larose,
2010). Apart from this, Peltokorpi, Allen & Froese (2015) stated that in the current environment,
company policies and regulations of government offer several opportunities for the employees to
join the firm again and perform the business task on a regular basis.
Ponnu & Chuah (2010) stated that employee’s turnover is a common phenomenon in a
competitive business environment; however, entire productivity is getting affected by
employee’s turnover. On the other hand, Koys (2001) asserted that employees turnover affects
the organization in both terms such as positive and negative outcomes. Negative issues resulted
in the form of performance disturbance, more workload and added the cost of recruitment and
selection of new employees. On the contrary, Kehoe & Wright (2013) argued that any type of
employee’s turnover is beneficial for the organizations because it develops the chances of
employment of new skilled employees to maximize the productivity of the business.
Nonetheless, Mosadeghrad, Ferlie & Rosenberg (2011) asserted that high employee’s attrition
rate has an obstructive impact on the organizations because it reduces the morale of other
employees, minimizes the number of customers as well as destroy the image of business at a
global level. Thus, it reveals that employee’s turnover mostly affects the companies in negative
forms and less in positive aspects because it enhances the cost of new hiring and overall
expenses related to employee’s re-employment procedure.
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Newman, Thanacoody & Hui (2011) asserted that the turnover of technical experts and
trained employees have direct effects on the performance of the organizations because
companies have to employ people instantly to continue with the production. However, Guest &
Conway (2011) argued that new technical people require the extra training to operate the heavy
machinery which increases the overall cost but maximizes the overall productivity. Besides
these, Tooksoon (2011) mentioned that lower turnover is related to higher productivity because
people remain engaged for better performance of the work. It indicates that employee’s low
turnover and higher productivity has a positive relationship because employees perform the
activities more efficiently. On the other hand, higher turnover of technical experts is causing the
considerable cost of re-employment of Information Technology (IT) professionals.
Relationship between employee turnover and productivity of Genting group, Malaysia
According to Meier& Hicklin (2007), the relationship between employee turnover and
organizational productivity varies according to the investment made in human resources
management. The stakes are connected to various practices such as training to develop people
and these practices are also focus on customer retention by providing wages and fringe benefits.
Furthermore, Dess & Shaw (2001) asserted that the contribution of the business towards the
employee’s development facilitates to retain them for a long period. This proves to be useful for
the company to obtain a competitive edge and reduce employee turnover.
The employee turnover affects the performance of the business in different ways. For
instance, engaged personnel tends to support more towards the benefit of the company whereas
less satisfied workforce tends to leave. However, Ployhart, Nyberg, Reilly & Maltarich (2014)
asserted that a less motivated workforce tends to ruin the productivity of the business. Owing to
this, it might be beneficial for the long-term growth of the company since new employees will be
hired. In this context, Leana & Van Buren (1999) stated that high turnover rates interrupt the
social connectivity and negatively affects the trust between colleagues.
On the contrary, Siebert & Zubanov (2009) mentioned that employees seek a stable job
which provides both quality professional network and continuous development. However, Lee &
Kim (2011) believed that the network characteristics make the active organizational commitment
between management and workforce, ultimately that affects the organizational performance.
Moreover, strong inter-organizational network reduces the turnover proximity. Besides,
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Moynihan & Pandey (2007) mentioned that weak social network turnover has a negative impact
on the morale of employee that influences organization performance. This tends to create a
negative environment at the workplace and increases the tendency of employees to leave the
corporation.
According to Park & Shaw (2013) turnover increases human capital when employees
brought new ideas which challenge the established practices of the company. In this context,
Steijn (2008) argued that when turnover depletes the worst performers, human capital is
reinforced rather than bushed. Nonetheless, Hancock et al. (2013) asserted that lower
engagement and poor financial benefits also increase the willingness of the workforce to leave
the current workplace and search for another opportunity. Furthermore, Ton & Huckman (2008)
argued that more staff mobility helps to encourage cooperation between different department; yet
the less interaction between the management and employees negatively influence the business
performance. Therefore, the employee turnover is affected by internal as well as the external
environment of the business.
Critically analyzing the factors affecting the employee turnover and strategies to reduce turnover
According to several studies, it has been examined that workforce can be retained by
emphasizing on the needs and create understanding between managers and employees (Eseme
Gberevbie, 2010; Allen, Bryant & Vardaman, 2010). On the other hand, Yang, Wan & Fu (2012)
stated that relevant training programs have a contribution in keeping the employees for a long
time within the organization. Moreover, training programs enhance the growth opportunities for
the employees; hence, the workforce put the efforts to stay in the same organization. However,
turnover is affected by poor leadership and job-dissatisfaction that leads the employees at the
stage of turnover because dissatisfaction is influenced by nature and expectations from the job
(Hussami, 2008; Kelloway, Sivanathan, Francis & Barling, 2005). Nonetheless, Bryant & Allen
(2013) asserted that compensation and benefits-based strategies are helpful to retain the
employees and reduce dis-satisfaction because benefits and rewards attract the workforce to stay
in the same organization. Therefore, it would be suitable for companies to handle and maintain
the labor force. It reveals that the identification of employees’ needs and operation of reward
programs has a contribution to the reduction of employee turnover because it motivates them to
stay in the company.
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Cloutier, Felusiak, Hill & Pemberton-Jones (2015) mentioned that effective
communication is one of the beneficial tools which has a contribution in the maximization of
employee’s turnover. Here, if there is a clear and transparent interaction among employees and
managers, then it can be fruitful to retain the employees because all the issues will be resolved by
communicating with each other. However, low growth opportunity and low organizational
commitment increase the higher turnover because it causes less involvement of the employees in
the organization as well as with job (Bushra, Ahmad & Naveed, 2011; Lee, Wong, Der Foo &
Leung, 2011). On the contrary, Eseme Gberevbie (2010) asserted that training programs are
supportive of retaining the workforce because employees can be focused on the specific task and
learn something new by training. In this manner, motivation and inner feelings to work in the
same organization would increase. Thus, it shows that to retain the employees in the
organization, managers need to maintain better relations with employees and held the creative
and exciting training programs to manage the employees. Nonetheless, less organizational
commitment, tremendous another opportunity for development are the reason to enhance the
turnover ratio in the organizations.
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Type of the study
Researchers such as qualitative and quantitative use two types of research studies. A
qualitative study is carried out by the researcher to perform in-depth analysis of the study to
derive valid results (Neuman, 2013). However, the quantitative study focuses on the exact point
of the problem by applying the statistical tools and techniques involving t-test, Chi-square,
ANOVA, regression, co-relation, etc. (Bernard, 2017). Moreover, a quantitative study is based
on the impact of one variable on other by identifying dependent and independent variable. By
considering the importance of both type of studies, the current study will be based on mixed
approach so that researcher will be able to find out the impact of employee turnover on the
productivity of Genting group. Further, with the help of qualitative study, the researcher will do
an in-depth analysis of the problem of employee turnover and find out the actual outcomes of
productivity by applying various statistical tools. Moreover, there are two variables such as
employee turnover and the impact on productivity so the use of a mixed approach will be
justifiable for the study.
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Research philosophy
Research philosophy is related to beliefs and assumptions of researchers to conduct a
study. There are two types of philosophies such as interpretivism and positivism which are
adopted by the researcher as per the nature of the study (Hovorka & Lee, 2010). Here, the
researcher is allowed to use own interpretations and thoughts in interpreting the collected data
whereas positivism philosophy is based on the factual data and real or absolute information
related to the study (Goldkuhl, 2012). Apart from this, the researcher will go for interpretivism
philosophy for an in-depth investigation of the study by analyzing the external environment.
Here, positivism philosophy cannot be applied for the current research because it focuses only on
quantitative tools which relies more on the factual information regarding reasons of employee
turnover of Genting group; however, the study demands a collective form of quantitative and
qualitative measures for the effective results. Therefore, the use of interpretivism philosophy will
be suitable for the current study.
Research design
The research design is helpful for the researcher to present the data and information
sufficiently and also provide a close intervention to the researcher (Fraenkel, Wallen & Hyun,
2011). Fundamentally, there are three types of research designs such as explanatory, descriptive
and exploratory which are used in the research (Nardi, 2018; Harrison & Reilly, 2011). In this
regard, explanatory research designs construct a cause and effects relationship between two or
more variables whereas exploratory research design based on the identification of new insights
and facts to derive the actual results (Harrison, 2013). Apart from this, descriptive designs are
helpful to present the findings derived from the mixed method analysis which consider the
population phenomena targeted in the study (Lambert & Lambert, 2012).
Justification of research design
The descriptive design is also associated with the socially constructed environment that
provides the detail information regarding turnover. Therefore, the application of descriptive
design will be justifiable because it requires the complete description of the involvement of
techniques to identify the problem of employee turnover and impact on the performance of the
Genting group.
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Research approach
The research approach is a procedure which is used by the researcher to collect the
relevant data, analyze and interpretations for the results (Barrett & Bolt, 2014). Inductive and
deductive are the two types of research approaches which are applied according to the nature of
the study. The inductive approach starts with the specific investigation and ends with
generalization; however, a deductive approach begins with general aspects and ends at specific
information (Soiferman, 2010). Furthermore, the inductive approach is used in qualitative studies
because through extensive research, new insights and elements can be developed from obtained
results. Nonetheless, a deductive approach is related to the development of hypothesis from
available theories then reach at the logical conclusions (Gill & Johnson, 2010). By considering
the significance of both approaches, the inductive approach will be appropriate for the current
study of Genting group because the researcher will start with specific data regarding turnover
and gradually will derive the general information about the study.
Data collection
There are two types of data collection methods such as primary and secondary. In
primary data can be gathered through the interview, questionnaire, observation, survey, etc.
whereas secondary data can be collected by literature review, online journals, annual reports,
published data, etc. (Tatto, 2013; Gratton & Jones, 2010). The current study will collect the data
from both types’ primary and secondary data because primary data will provide the current
information regarding a problem and then will be justified with available literature for further
information. In this regard, secondary data will be collected through literature review and
primary data by filling of questionnaires to the employees of the Genting group. Owing to this,
for the study use of both type of data will be justifiable.
Sampling
Sampling is a small part which is selected from the whole population for and it displays
the characteristics of the entire population (Bell, Bryman & Harley, 2018). There are two types
of sampling techniques including probabilistic and non-probabilistic methods. In probabilistic
sampling, every element has an equal chance to get selected whereas in the non-probabilistic
sampling every element does not get an equal chance to be selected (Sexauer & Mohagheghi,
2013).
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Respondents description
The current study will be based on simple non-probabilistic sampling and the participants
would be the managers of the Genting group. The reason behind the selection of managers is that
they have knowledge about potential impact of employee turnover on the productivity.
Sampling size justification
For this purpose, 15 managers of the Genting group would be selected and the
questionnaire would be distributed among elected employees to collect the data. Since the
researcher will target managers so the sample size is kept 15 because an organization has limited
number of mangers working in the different departments. Also, the lack of time and resources is
the constraints whereby the selection of 15 participants would be effective to derive the valid
outcome.
Procedure of administration of the questionnaire
The questionnaire would be mailed through the internet to the selected employees of
Genting group, Malaysia and would be explained to the respondents via internet facilities and the
queries regarding answering would be solved by the administrator of the study. The
administrator will tell participants the importance of the concerned research and tell them to
provide authentic responses instead of fake answers.
Operationalization
Operationalization is the process that is used to define the required variables into
measurable elements (Emmerich, Bogacheva, Bockholt & Wendel, 2016). The first objective
would be measured by analyzing the secondary sources of the study whereas second objective of
relationship between turnover and productivity would be measured by applying Likert 5-point
scale on the basis of collected data of questionnaire. The scale will be range from highly agreed
to highly dis-agreed. On the other hand, last objective would be measured by analyzing the
respondent’s feedback in questionnaires.
Methods of data analysis
Qualitative and quantitative are two types of data analysis techniques which are used as
per the objective of the study (Neuman, 2013). In quantitative, various statistical tools such as t-
test, ANOVA, Chi-square, etc. whereas qualitative analysis is based on a thematic analysis
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which provides the in-depth analysis regarding collected data (Cornfeld, Israel, Detroy, Bokhari
& Mojibian, 2011). In this context, merely quantitative analysis cannot be used because it would
be demanding facts and figure for the actual analysis; however, on a little basis frequency tables
will be used to derive the results of the collected data and helps to represent in graphic way.
However, the current study will be based on qualitative data analysis because it demands in-
depth analysis of collected data regarding turnover of the Genting group and effects on the
performance. Further, for the study, the thematic analysis will be used along with frequency
tables for the complete analysis of the collected data. Thus, the selection of qualitative data
analysis would be appropriate because it will be useful for both primary and secondary data so
that well-grounded results can be derived.
CHAPTER 4: EXPECTED FINDINGS OF RESEARCH PROPOSAL
From the research proposal, it has been derived that employee turnover is a significant
problem for every organization because it affects productivity. By analyzing the current study, it
is expected that the productivity gets affected from the employee turnover.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
By a research proposal, it has been concluded that a higher rate of turnover negatively
affects the productivity of the firm and also develops the dissatisfaction among the existing
workforce. However, it can be beneficial for large organizations because of turnover demands
for employment of new skilled people in the company which can be helpful for the achievement
of specific objectives. Besides this, a positive relationship has been identified between employee
turnover and productivity because it develops the chances to render the training to newly
employed workers which helps to maximize the output of the organization.
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