Relationship Between Depth and Prevalence of Microorganisms

The analysis explores the relationship between minimum and maximum depth caught and the prevalence of different microorganisms (Nematodes, Monogenan, Digenans, and Cestodes) in sea water. The results show that there is no significant difference between the rate of change in the minimum depth and prevalence percentage for all four microorganisms, indicating that the rate of enhancement is similar across all variables. Additionally, the analysis concludes that all microorganisms are present in sea water at different levels, with their presence being influenced by changes in both minimum and maximum depth levels.

STATISTICS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
Methodology...............................................................................................................................................3
Results and analysis.....................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Monogenan and other species are most dangerous microorganisms for the fish.
Mentioned microorganisms stick to the fish and kill it by drinking blood and taking other
nutrients. It must be observed that there is large number of fishes that died due to these
organisms on daily basis. As per facts these microorganisms increased at rapid pace in the sea
water. Ample quantity of food is available to the mentioned organisms in the sea water. It can be
observed that there is no need for Monogenan to move in water for food. In the sea water there
are number of wide variety of fishes (McCammon, Sikkel and Nemeth, 2010). Main diet of
Monogenan is the blood of fish’s blood and epidermis. It can be said that fishes are the
renewable resources that are always available to these organisms in the sea water. There is a high
probability that locomotion will create opportunity for the exchange of sperm between the
hermaphrodite adults (Madanire-Moyo and et.al., 2011). Easy spread of sperms among the
organisms is the one of the reason due to which population of the microorganisms is increasing
at rapid pace across the different sea levels.
Methodology
In the current research 47 samples of each microorganisms is taken in to account. In the
present research study there are four organisms in respect to which data is collected from varied
sources. These microorganisms are Nematodes, Digeneans, Cestodes and Monogeneans. Data is
taken from the varied research studies and then by applying statistical tools obtained results are
analyzed to obtain relevant results.
Results and analysis
H0: There is no significant difference between rate of change in minimum/maximum depth
caught and prevalence percentage of Monogenans.

H1: There is significant difference between rate of change in minimum/Maximum depth caught
and prevalence percentage of Monogenans.
We want to prove that with increase in depth up to which microorganism caught fish their
prevalence rate also changed.
> mod<-lm(fish$Monogeneans.Prevalence~fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
> summary(mod)
Call:
lm(formula = fish$Monogeneans.Prevalence ~ fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-37.245 -21.164 -8.455 16.505 57.841
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 47.49866 12.34388 3.848 0.00177 **
fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught -0.01526 0.01846 -0.826 0.42251
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 32.36 on 14 degrees of freedom
(30 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.0465, Adjusted R-squared: -0.02161
F-statistic: 0.6827 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.4225
> mod<-lm(fish$Monogeneans.Prevalence~fish$Max.Depth.Caught)
> summary(mod)
Call:

lm(formula = fish$Monogeneans.Prevalence ~ fish$Max.Depth.Caught)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-43.002 -18.961 -6.819 12.662 51.924
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 51.495251 10.749501 4.79 0.000288 ***
fish$Max.Depth.Caught -0.009241 0.005961 -1.55 0.143393
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 30.62 on 14 degrees of freedom
(30 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.1465, Adjusted R-squared: 0.08554
F-statistic: 2.403 on 1 and 14 DF, p-value: 0.1434

H0: There is no significant difference between rate of change in minimum/maximum depth
caught and prevalence percentage of Digeneans.

H1: There is significant difference between rate of change in minimum/maximum depth caught
and prevalence percentage of Digeneans
> mod<-lm(fish$Digeneans.Prevalence~fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
> summary(mod)
Call:
lm(formula = fish$Digeneans.Prevalence ~ fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-37.639 -19.525 -10.327 5.819 72.769
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 24.68492 8.81868 2.799 0.0102 *
fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught 0.01273 0.00992 1.284 0.2121
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 30.13 on 23 degrees of freedom
(21 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.06685, Adjusted R-squared: 0.02628
F-statistic: 1.648 on 1 and 23 DF, p-value: 0.2121
> mod<-lm(fish$Digeneans.Prevalence~fish$Max.Depth.Caught)
> summary(mod)
Call:
lm(formula = fish$Digeneans.Prevalence ~ fish$Max.Depth.Caught)

Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-33.630 -17.857 -10.172 4.418 71.282
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 27.072869 10.320276 2.623 0.0152 *
fish$Max.Depth.Caught 0.004112 0.005788 0.710 0.4846
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 30.85 on 23 degrees of freedom
(21 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.02147, Adjusted R-squared: -0.02107
F-statistic: 0.5047 on 1 and 23 DF, p-value: 0.4846

H0: There is no significant difference between rate of change in minimum/maximum depth
caught and prevalence percentage of Nematodes.
H1: There is significant difference between rate of change in minimum/maximum depth caught
and prevalence percentage of Nematodes.
> mod<-lm(fish$Nematodes.Prevalence~fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
> summary(mod)
Call:
lm(formula = fish$Nematodes.Prevalence ~ fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-33.722 -19.460 -5.636 15.193 66.547
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 32.855508 7.257385 4.527 0.000117 ***
fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught 0.003415 0.007317 0.467 0.644568
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 27.15 on 26 degrees of freedom
(18 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.008309, Adjusted R-squared: -0.02983
F-statistic: 0.2179 on 1 and 26 DF, p-value: 0.6446
> mod<-lm(fish$Nematodes.Prevalence~fish$Max.Depth.Caught)

> summary(mod)
Call:
lm(formula = fish$Nematodes.Prevalence ~ fish$Max.Depth.Caught)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-33.723 -20.777 -7.325 15.354 68.993
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 25.888038 8.453305 3.062 0.00505 **
fish$Max.Depth.Caught 0.006398 0.004670 1.370 0.18237
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 26.33 on 26 degrees of freedom
(18 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.06734, Adjusted R-squared: 0.03147
F-statistic: 1.877 on 1 and 26 DF, p-value: 0.1824

H0: There is no significant difference between rate of change in minimum/maximum depth
caught and prevalence percentage of Cestodes.
H1: There is significant difference between rate of change in minimum/maximum depth caught
and prevalence percentage of Cestodes
> mod<-lm(fish$Cestodes.Prevalence~fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
> summary(mod)
Call:
lm(formula = fish$Cestodes.Prevalence ~ fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-33.12 -22.98 -13.29 17.97 65.02
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 35.41382 10.07781 3.514 0.00206 **
fish$Minimum.Depth.Caught -0.00043 0.01111 -0.039 0.96950
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 34.31 on 21 degrees of freedom
(23 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 7.13e-05, Adjusted R-squared: -0.04754
F-statistic: 0.001497 on 1 and 21 DF, p-value: 0.9695
> mod<-lm(fish$Cestodes.Prevalence~fish$Max.Depth.Caught)
> summary(mod)
Call:

lm(formula = fish$Cestodes.Prevalence ~ fish$Max.Depth.Caught)
Residuals:
Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
-34.52 -22.55 -14.17 18.49 66.71
Coefficients:
Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
(Intercept) 32.080706 12.377687 2.592 0.017 *
fish$Max.Depth.Caught 0.001994 0.006594 0.302 0.765
---
Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
Residual standard error: 34.23 on 21 degrees of freedom
(23 observations deleted due to missingness)
Multiple R-squared: 0.004337, Adjusted R-squared: -0.04308
F-statistic: 0.09148 on 1 and 21 DF, p-value: 0.7653

Results are reflect that in respect to minimum level in case of Nematodes level of significance
value is 0.64 which means that there is no significant difference between rate of change in the
minimum depth and prevalence percentage of mentioned microorganism. This means that with
increase in depth same are increasing at similar rate in terms of prevalence. On other hand, in
case of maximum depth value of level of significance is 0.1824 which means that rate of change
in prevalence rate is increasing at same rate with change in the maximum level of depth.
In case of Monogenan in case of minimum catch level of significance is 0.42 >0.05
which state that there is no significant difference between the rate of change in the level of
minimum depth and concentration level. On other hand, in case of maximum catch limit value of
level of significance is 0.14>0.05 and this also reflect that prevalence rate change at same rate
with increase in maximum catching limit.
In case of Digenans variables it is observed that minimum caught depth level of
significance is 0.21>0.05 which reflects that rate of change in the prevalence of the
microorganisms is same with every change that happened in the minimum caught level. Apart
from this, in case of maximum level value of level of significance is 0.48>0.05 and this again
indicate that rate of change is same with change that happened in the maximum caught depth.
In case of Cestodes value of level of significance is 0.96 which indicate that prevalence
rate enhancement is almost same with increase in minimum depth. On other hand, in case of
maximum depth level value of level of significance is 0.75>0.05 and this means that again rate of
change in case of both variables is same.
CONCLUSION
On the basis of analysis of results it is concluded that in case of all microorganisms rate
of prevalence increase at same rate equal to change in the minimum and maximum depth level. It
is also concluded that all of them are present in sea water at different levels. It can be said that
rate of enhancement of all microorganisms is same but their presence in sea water is different at
different level.