Research Project (Impact of age discrimination on employee’s

Research Project
(Impact of age discrimination on employee’s work
performance and workplace culture of an
organisation)
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Executive Summary
This report is based on identifying the impact of ageism on employee’s work performance
and workplace culture of Sky UK limited. To achieve this purpose, various numbers of activities
were completed by researcher in effective and systematic manner. Review of literature was done
effectively by using books, magazines and many other secondary sources relevant to the topic. In
methodology section, questionnaire was made by researcher for gathering primary data.
Frequency distribution analysis was used by researcher for analysing quantitative and primary
data gathered from questionnaire. Ms-excel were also applied for making graphs and presenting
data in graphical manner. Research outcomes were communicated to the intended audience by
using oral and written presentation, e-mail and many other communication challenges. This
helped in gaining of valid outcomes and accomplishing research objectives easily. Conclusion
and recommendations were done by explaining all information in short manner. At last,
reflection was done by explaining effectiveness of research methods in accomplishment of
research aim and objectives.
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Contents
Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................2
Costs, access and ethical issues for conducting research.................................................................4
Research findings and Data analysis in relation to research questions with appropriate conclusion
..........................................................................................................................................................4
Merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis...............................15
Communication of research outcomes with the support of justifications and recommendations..17
Reflection.......................................................................................................................................18
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
Appendix........................................................................................................................................21
Questionnaire.............................................................................................................................21
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Costs, access and ethical issues for conducting research
In order to conduct research, there are some elements that will be required to focus on by
researcher. These are cost, access and ethical issues. These will be useful in finding and
analysing of data systematically. These elements or methods will be described as below:
Costs: In order to carry out research, there is requirement of appropriate amount of capital
for number of resources including internet connection, access to secondary materials, stationery,
selection of best method, transportation etc. For these sources, researcher will need
approximately £300. This amount will helps them in carrying out each activity of project
systematically and accurately (Ajunwa, 2019).
Access: In order to conduct appropriate investigation researcher makes use of numerous
sources both the primary as well as secondary methods. It is accountability of the investigator to
maintain privacy or confidentiality of the data collected by them as of primary sources of study.
In consequence, researcher makes sure that the collected information or data about the topic
would be only accessed by the researcher.
Ethical issues: This is another aspect that is important and useful for investigator while
doing current investigation. There are certain principles of ethics that are useful for investigator
to must follow within investigation for carrying our research in ethical manner. These principles
are; provide participants the right to withdraw, prevent using deceptive practices, decrease the
risk of harm to research participants etc. These are main principles or values that must be
following by researcher while conducting research over the theme of equality and diversity (Ali
and French, 2019).
Research findings and Data analysis in relation to research questions with
appropriate conclusion
Data analysis is a process of analysis data gathered from questionnaire. Current study is
based on quantitative gathered data and for analysing such type of information, frequency
distribution analysis will be taken. In this method, researcher will need to make frequency
distribution table and divide entire table into single table according to the research questions.
This will facilitate in analysing of quantitative information by consuming minimum time period
(Crane and et. al, 2019). Ms-Excel will also follow by researcher by making graphs of each
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question. This will help investigator in presenting of quantitative information or data about the
topic in graphical manner.
Frequency distribution table
Q1) Do you have knowledge about the types of discrimination that happens at
workplace of Sky UK limited?
Frequency
a). Yes 30
b). No 10
Q2) According to you, age discrimination is major issue at your workplace? Frequency
a). Yes 31
b). No 9
Q3) What kind of issues you faced due to your age in the workplace of Sky
UK limited?
Frequency
a). Poor working conditions 10
b). Restrictions on employment and recruitment 10
c). Limited career advancement and opportunities 10
d). Less amount of salary as compare to young employees 10
Q4) In your opinion, what are the impact of ageism on workplace culture of
Sky UK limited?
Frequency
a). Harm the affected employee’s wellbeing 16
b). Low level of work performance among employees 14
c). Lack of middle-aged intellectual resources 10
Q5) As per your opinion, how Sky UK limited can promote equality and
workplace discrimination in the working environment?
Frequency
a). Identify and avoid unconscious bias 17
b). Put equality policies at workplace 13
c). Watch out for indirect discrimination 10
Q6) Does discrimination on the basis of your age at workplace of Sky UK
limited have impacted on your working performance?
Frequency
a). Yes 30
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b). No 10
Q7) Does equality and diversity practices help your organisation in preventing
of age discrimination at workplace?
Frequency
a). Strongly agree 15
b). Agree 20
c). Disagree 3
d). Strongly disagree 2
Q8) According to you, what are the policies and legislation that would be use
by Sky UK limited for overcoming impact of age discrimination at their
workplace?
Frequency
a). Equality act 2010 16
b). Age discrimination in employment act 1967 14
c). Human rights act 1998 10
Q9) What ways would be use by Sky UK limited for eliminating the negative
effects of ageism over their employee’s performance and workplace culture?
Frequency
a). Encouragement of mentoring 17
b). Rethink promotion and training 10
c). Embracing a multigenerational workplace 13
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Question 1: Knowledge about the types of discrimination
Q1) Do you have knowledge about the types of discrimination that happens at
workplace of Sky UK limited?
Frequency
a). Yes 30
b). No 10
Interpretation: Above data has been concluded that 30 out of 40 employers of Sky UK
limited had knowledge regarding the different types of discrimination. They had idea as gender,
age, disability, race etc. are main type that occur at workplace of Sky UK limited. Rest of the 10
respondents don’t have any idea regarding the same concept.
Question 2: Age discrimination at workplace
Q2) According to you, age discrimination is major issue at your workplace? Frequency
a). Yes 31
b). No 9
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Interpretation: Age discrimination is a type of discrimination that happens at workplace of
company. In this type, employees are discriminated on the basis of their age. 31 out of 40
respondents said as age discrimination is major issue in the workplace of Sky UK limited
because it creates high employee turnover that results is decreased performance of business at
market. Remaining 9 respondents don’t have any knowledge and opinion regarding the same.
Question 3: Issues of age discrimination on employees
Q3) What kind of issues you faced due to your age in the workplace of Sky
UK limited?
Frequency
a). Poor working conditions 10
b). Restrictions on employment and recruitment 10
c). Limited career advancement and opportunities 10
d). Less amount of salary as compare to young employees 10
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Interpretation: There are numerous issues faced by employees of Sky UK limited due to
their age. For this respondents have equal ratio about the issues of age based discrimination at
workplace of company. These issues are Restrictions on employment and recruitment, poor
working conditions, limited career advancement and opportunities and less amount of salary as
compare to young employees. These are major issues of ageism that have negative impact over
working performance of employees at workplace.
Question 4: Impact of ageism on workplace culture
Q4) In your opinion, what are the impact of ageism on workplace culture of
Sky UK limited?
Frequency
a). Harm the affected employee’s wellbeing 16
b). Low level of work performance among employees 14
c). Lack of middle-aged intellectual resources 10
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Interpretation: Ageism is biggest issue at workplace of Sky UK limited that have negative
impact over their working culture. For this statement 16 respondents had view as ageism harm
the affected employee’s welding that result in lack of confidence towards work. 14 had opinion
as it decreased level of work performance among employees that have negative or bad effects on
working culture. Remaining 10 employers had view as due to ageism; there is lack of middle-
aged intellectual resources. Middle-aged brains shine when it comes to achieving answers faster,
making sounder judgments, and better navigating the complicated international we stay in
nowadays.
Question 5: Ways for promoting workplace discrimination and equality
Q5) As per your opinion, how Sky UK limited can promote equality and
workplace discrimination in the working environment?
Frequency
a). Identify and avoid unconscious bias 17
b). Put equality policies at workplace 13
c). Watch out for indirect discrimination 10
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Interpretation: Most of the respondents have idea as it workplace of Sky UK limited, there
is requirement for promoting equality and reducing any kind of discrimination. 17 out of 40
participants had knowledge as company must identify and avoid unconscious bias that results in
less or no discrimination in the workplace. 13 respondents have opinion as putting of equality
policies at workplace is more effective because it will help them in promoting of equality as well
as reducing discrimination at workplace. Remaining 10 participants had view as Sky UK limited
should watch out indirect discrimination at workplace. All these are effective in promoting of
equality at workplace that result in higher success and growth of business.
Question 6: Impact of ageism on employee’s working performance
Q6) Does discrimination on the basis of your age at workplace of Sky UK
limited have impacted on your working performance?
Frequency
a). Yes 30
b). No 10
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Interpretation: Most of the participants had opinion as ageism is direct and negative impact
on working performance of employees at workplace. This has effect on their well-being,
performance level, productivity and also job security. Remaining 10 respondents don’t have any
idea and opinion regarding the same.
Question 7: Effectiveness of equality and diversity practices in prevention of ageism
Q7) Does equality and diversity practices help your organisation in preventing
of age discrimination at workplace?
Frequency
a). Strongly agree 15
b). Agree 20
c). Disagree 3
d). Strongly disagree 2
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Interpretation: Implementation of equality and diversity practices at workplace is more
effective for Sky UK limited by preventing impact of ageism in the workplace. For this
statement, 15 respondents are strongly agreed, 20 are agreed, 3 are disagreed and remaining 2 are
strongly disagreed. Therefore, majority are agreed because they had proper knowledge regarding
the importance of equality and diversity at working area.
Question 8: Importance of policies and legislation in eliminating of ageism
Q8) According to you, what are the policies and legislation that would be use
by Sky UK limited for overcoming impact of age discrimination at their
workplace?
Frequency
a). Equality act 2010 16
b). Age discrimination in employment act 1967 14
c). Human rights act 1998 10
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Interpretation: There are number of policies and legislations that will be effective for
Sky UK limited in eliminating the negative effect of ageism. 16 out of 40 respondents had idea
as implementation of Equality act 2010 is more effective because it will support them to protect
their all employees from any type of discrimination such as gender, age, race disability etc. 14
respondents have knowledge as age discrimination in employment act 1967 is also useful for
company because it support them in hiring of all age group of employees and also support them
by preventing issue of ageism in the workplace. Remaining 10 respondents had view as human
rights acts 1998 is effective because in this act company have responsibility to provide all rights
to the employees. All these are effective and essential for an organisation in reducing of ageism
in the workplace.
Question 9: Ways for overcoming negative effect of ageism
Q9) What ways would be use by Sky UK limited for eliminating the negative
effects of ageism over their employee’s performance and workplace culture?
Frequency
a). Encouragement of mentoring 17
b). Rethink promotion and training 10
c). Embracing a multigenerational workplace 13
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Interpretation: There are numerous ways that will be effective for Sky UK limited in
reduction of age discrimination in the workplace. 17 out of 40 participants have view as
encouragement of mentoring is essential way because it assists an organisation to provide
accurate guidance to their employees about the business. 10 respondents have idea as rethinking
of training and promotion is important way for company to focus on and eliminate ageism in the
workplace. Remaining 13 participants had view as embracing a multigenerational workplace is
essential because it support them in development of talent at workplace that results in less or no
discrimination in the workplace.
Merits, limitations and pitfalls of approaches to data collection and analysis
Data collection approaches: This section of data collection has two parts which are
qualitative and quantitative. Both approaches are essential but for carrying out current study over
the impact of age discrimination, quantitative approach has been applied (Froidevaux, Alterman
and Wang, 2020). There are some merits, limitations and pitfalls of data collection approaches
which will be explained as below:
Data collection approaches Merits limitations and pitfalls
Qualitative approach Qualitative approach is
effective in identifying of
respondents opinion and view
about the topic.
Qualitative approach not helps
investigator in collecting of
numerical data from the
respondents.
Quantitative approach Quantitative approach of data Main limitation and pitfall of
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collection is essential because
it not require more time also
provides valid results.
quantitative approach is there
is improper representation of
the target population.
Data analysis approaches: In order to analysis gathered qualitative or quantitative
information, there are two data analysis approaches which are inductive or deductive. Within an
investigation, deductive approach has been followed by investigator because it helps in analysing
of quantitative information easily (Helmreich and Merritt, 2019). There are several merits,
limitations and pitfalls of data analysis approaches which have been described as below:
Data collection approaches Merits limitations and pitfalls
Inductive approach Inductive approach is essential
in analysing of qualitative
information easily and
effectively.
Inductive approach is not
useful in analysing of data in
form of numbers or
quantitative.
deductive approach Deductive approach is
effective in analysing of
numerical and quantitative
data within limited time
period.
Deductive approach not helps
researcher in analysing of
qualitative information.
Therefore, all these are main limitations, merits and pitfalls that proof according to the
current investigation quantitative approach of data collection and deductive approach of data
analysis is useful. Along with this, it can be concluded that quantitative approach facilitate
researcher in gaining of valid outcomes from the above findings. Questionnaire is a tool of
quantitative data collection that was effective for researcher in collecting and analysing of
quantitative information that results in achievement of research aim and objectives within given
time period.
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Communication of research outcomes with the support of justifications and
recommendations
The usual research outcome would be effectively communicated to the supposed target
market thru assembly session in which all consequences would be illustrated to them thru power
point presentation. In this, appropriate explanation might be provided to the stakeholders that
how efficiently outcome on all targets were acquired. Also, collaboratively conclusion towards
the identical in conjunction with the future advice has defined to them. Along with this, with the
help of primary and secondary method, researcher can easily gain research outcomes and after
them communicate to the indented audience (Jackson and Jackson, 2019). This will helps
researcher in meeting of research objectives easily. These will be explained as below:
To identify the issues or discrimination faced by employees because of their age at workplace
of Sky UK limited.
Primary data is related with the secondary information collected for literature review by
using secondary sources i.e. articles, books, magazines, publication research etc. In this, authors
had to provide their opinion about the impact of ageism on employees. They said, due to ageism,
employees have limited career advancement and chances, less amount of salary as compare to
young employees (Kartolo and Kwantes, 2019).
To determine the impact of age based discrimination within workplace culture of Sky UK
limited.
From the above mentioned findings and interpretations, it has been correlated with the
secondary data that were gathered from number of secondary sources. With the help of articles,
books etc. authors provided their view as age based discrimination has negative impact on
working culture (Marchiondo, Gonzales and Williams, 2019). As it reduced employee’s
performance, effects on employee’s wellbeing etc.
To analyse the ways through which negative effect of age discrimination can be eliminate over
employee’s work performance and workplace culture of Sky UK limited.
According to the above data gathered from questionnaire it will be discussed that it is
related with secondary data that was gathered by researcher for literature review. In this authors
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had opinion as encouragement of mentoring is effective because it educate all employees that
results in reduced discrimination and higher productivity (North, 2019).
Recommendations and justifications
From the above mentioned findings it has been recommended some ways for Sky UK
Limited in development of positive working culture. From the above data, there is lack of data
about the promoting of working culture and in order to provide information about this, there is
need for using some communication channels which are e-mail, oral and written presentation etc.
Along with this, some ways for promoting positive working culture will be recommended as
below:
Encouragement of self-care and exercise: Cultivate a healthy environment at work for all
employees to help decrease strain. Encouraging their employees to focus on self-care, along with
going for a walk out of doors for the duration of the day, is a extraordinary manner to hold
morale up. Provide them with data on the way to lessen pressure, the significance of getting
sufficient sleep and ingesting healthy.
Proper communication: Sky UK Limited must implement free flow of communication that
will be effective for them in reducing of any kind of issues and development of positive working
culture. This will be effective for company in achievement of competitive advantages easily.
Reflection
I am happy that I got an effective opportunity for doing research over the impact of gender
based discrimination on employee’s working performance and workplace culture. For this topic,
I used primary and secondary research. For secondary research I used to collect secondary data
from books, articles for literature review that are effective for me in overcoming of research gap
founded in research proposal. For primary research, I used questionnaire that was effective in
gathering of reliable data within limited time period.
Therefore, by doing this research I increased my performance level by identifying the
importance of equality and diversity in elimination of age based discrimination in the workplace.
By this research, I increased my research skills, time management quality etc. that will be
beneficial in my future growth and success.
On the idea of my private revel in related to the investigation it may be stated that the usage
of interview technique might simply guide me in undertaking greater powerful research inside
the destiny however at the same time, it can be stated that the respective technique might also
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devour more time as I should for my part engage with each and every respondent so that you can
collect relevant facts from them. Overall, with the usage of interview technique I might be able
to gather required information on destiny investigation subjects.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned findings and data analysis it has been concluded that most of the
respondents have knowledge about the age discrimination and its impact over employee’s
working performance and workplace culture. There are number of issues of age based
discrimination and ways for elimination of them discussed that were effective for company in its
growth and success. Equality act 2010 and Age discrimination in employment act 1967 were
effective for company in reducing of age based discrimination and promoting of equality at
workplace.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Ajunwa, I., 2019. Age Discrimination by Platforms. Berkeley J. Emp. & Lab. L., 40, p.1.
Ali, M. and French, E., 2019. Age diversity management and organisational outcomes: The role
of diversity perspectives. Human Resource Management Journal. 29(2). pp.287-307.
Crane, A., Matten, D., Glozer, S. and Spence, L., 2019. Business ethics: Managing corporate
citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press,
USA.
Froidevaux, A., Alterman, V. and Wang, M., 2020. Leveraging Aging Workforce and Age
Diversity to Achieve Organizational Goals: A Human Resource Management
Perspective. In Current and Emerging Trends in Aging and Work (pp. 33-58).
Springer, Cham.
Helmreich, R. L. and Merritt, A. C., 2019. Culture at work in aviation and medicine: National,
organizational and professional influences. Routledge.
Jackson, S. and Jackson, L.T., 2019. Self-esteem: Its mediating effects on the relationship
between discrimination at work and employee organisation commitment and turn-
over intention. Journal of psychology in Africa. 29(1). pp.13-21.
Kartolo, A. B. and Kwantes, C. T., 2019. Organizational culture, perceived societal and
organizational discrimination. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International
Journal.
Marchiondo, L. A., Gonzales, E. and Williams, L. J., 2019. Trajectories of perceived workplace
age discrimination and long-term associations with mental, self-rated, and
occupational health. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 74(4). pp.655-663.
North, M. S., 2019. A GATE to understanding “older” workers: Generation, age, tenure,
experience. Academy of Management Annals. 13(2). pp.414-443.
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Appendix
Questionnaire
Q1) Do you have knowledge about the types of discrimination that happens at workplace of Sky
UK limited?
a). Yes
b). No
Q2) According to you, age discrimination is major issue at your workplace?
a). Yes
b). No
Q3) What kind of issues you faced due to your age in the workplace of Sky UK limited?
a). Poor working conditions
b). Restrictions on employment and recruitment
c). Limited career advancement and opportunities
d). Less amount of salary as compare to young employees
Q4) In your opinion, what are the impact of ageism on workplace culture of Sky UK limited?
a). Harm the affected employee’s wellbeing
b). Low level of work performance among employees
c). Lack of middle-aged intellectual resources
Q5) As per your opinion, how Sky UK limited can promote equality and workplace
discrimination in the working environment?
a). Identify and avoid unconscious bias
b). Put equality policies at workplace
c). Watch out for indirect discrimination
Q6) Does discrimination on the basis of your age at workplace of Sky UK limited have impacted
on your working performance?
a). Yes
b). No
Q7) Does equality and diversity practices help your organisation in preventing of age
discrimination at workplace?
a). Strongly agree
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b). Agree
c). Disagree
d). Strongly disagree
Q8) According to you, what are the policies and legislation that would be use by Sky UK limited
for overcoming impact of age discrimination at their workplace?
a). Equality act 2010
b). Age discrimination in employment act 1967
c). Human rights act 1998
Q9) What ways would be use by Sky UK limited for eliminating the negative effects of ageism
over their employee’s performance and workplace culture?
a). Encouragement of mentoring
b). Rethink promotion and training
c). Embracing a multigenerational workplace
Q10) Provide any recommendations to Sky UK limited in development of positive workplace
culture......
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