This research project explores the impact of globalisation on Tesco, a leading international retail industry. It examines the recent trends, advantages, challenges, and ways to combat barriers of globalisation in the retail industry.
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RESEARCH PROJECT
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Table Of Contents TOPIC:.............................................................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 Research Background.............................................................................................................3 RATIONALE.........................................................................................................................3 Aim and Objectives................................................................................................................4 Aim:........................................................................................................................................4 Objectives:..............................................................................................................................4 Research Questions................................................................................................................4 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................5 Recent trends of globalization................................................................................................5 Advantages of being a global business...................................................................................5 Challenges faced by the firms due to globalization................................................................7 Combating barriers of globalization in retail industry...........................................................7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................8 Research Type........................................................................................................................8 Research approach..................................................................................................................9 Research Philosophy..............................................................................................................9 Research Design..................................................................................................................10 Sampling...............................................................................................................................10 Collecting Data:....................................................................................................................11 Analysis of Data..................................................................................................................11 Data analysis and interpretations...................................................................................................12 RESEARCH OUTCOMES, REFLECTION & RECOMMENDATION FOR ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................24 REFLECTION......................................................................................................................24 RECOMMENDATION........................................................................................................25 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................26 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................27 ANNEXURE..................................................................................................................................29
TOPIC: INTRODUCTION Research Background Globalization is the movement of human beings, goods, and services across different countries. However, this mobility is managed in an integratedmanner. Similarly, it could be view as a strategy to open the worldwide economic system as well as the connected growth in international trade (Flick, 2015).As a result, whilst the countries that have been formerly close to overseas investment and exchange have now burnt behind boundaries.Moreover, Globalization objectives are exalted, in addition to opportunistic, however the development of a global market has benefited massive businesses based inside the Western world. Further, its impact stays intermingled for employees, cultures, and small corporations around the world, in each advanced and rising international locations. However, due to globalisation, companies are able to sell products and services to large number of people worldwide. Furthermore, the advancement in technology help the customer to purchase products online which directly increases the revenue and profits of the company. On the flip side, globalisation help to interconnect the economies of different countries by exchanging product and services internationally (Cuervo‐Cazurra and et.al., 2017). However, the research report will highlight the impact of globalisation on Tesco which is international retail industry that provide variety of products and services like groceries, clothing, electronics, toys, furniture, financial services etc. Furthermore, it's far the 3rd biggest store within the world measured by way of gross revenues and ninth largest merchandiser in the global measured via incomes and it owns retail stores in seven countries across Asia and Europe, and is the market leader of food market inside the UK, Ireland, Hungary and Thailand. However, due to globalisation Tesco have expanded its operations in all over the world with operations in 11 major countries of the world. Furthermore, Tesco have introduced petrol stations, metros, superstores, online shoppingetc., further, they have also opened new banks and telecom companies in UK (Kumar, 2019). RATIONALE This research is conducted on globalisation and how it impacts the retail industry because dueto globalisationtechnologicaladvancementhasbeenenhancedwhichhaveprovided opportunity for the companies to expand their operations and provide wide variety of products
and services. Further, it has given opportunity to customers to purchase products online at affordable prices which is convenient and flexible for them, thus this increases the sales and earnings of the companies. Moreover, due to globalisation, international trade between different countries and the companies operating there have been increases which eventually enhances the economy of the world by developing employment opportunities in all over the world which increases the spending power of people by which they fulfil their necessities and enhances their living standard (Mackey and Gass, 2015). Aim and Objectives Aim: “To determine how globalisationcan drive the companies to achieve success in retail industry. A study on Tesco”. Objectives: To identify the recent trends of globalisation in business environment. To evaluate the advantage of being a global organisation in retail industry. To analyse the challenges face by the firms with the emergence of globalisation. To recommend how organisation can combat the barriers of globalisation in retail industry. Research Questions 11Whatare the ways to identify the recent trends of globalisation in business environment? 11What are the advantages of being a global organisation in retail industry? 11What are the challenges face by the firms with emergence of globalisation? 11What are the recommendations through which organisations can combat the barriersof globalisation in retail industry.
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11 LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review is a technique which is used by the researchers and the scholars gather and discuss about the information relating to the topic on which the literature review is being carried on. Recent trends of globalization In words ofMcCusker and Gunaydin, (2015), globalization has become an emerging and recent trends. This is so because in recent competitive world all the companies have to earn profits and grow and for this, each and every company wants to have large market and consumer share. For this, the companies go for global trade or international trade. According toQuinlan and et.al., (2019), globalization is defined as the trade which is done between two companies but with different geographical boundaries, that is with other country's company. The latest trend in globalization is that because of globalization new and latest technology are coming in countries which helps the companies and the country to grow and develop. With the trade between two distant countries, they also share the latest technological advancement that one country has with another country. ButSilverman, ed., (2016), states that because of global business the level of competition has increased and this has reduced the quality of work and also the quality of products or the services produced by company. This is because of the reason that all companies can do anything either positive or negative to beat competition and to stand out of all the competitors. Also, there is another recent trendlike the changes in the labour market. This is because of the reason that due to globalization company operating in one country can also operate in other country. This helps the company in starting operations in those countries where the labour cost is very low and this will benefit the company by lowering the cost of the company. Advantages of being a global business Doing business at global or international level is very beneficial and advantageous for the company as well as for development of the country as well.For instance, in context of Tesco , major advantage that companyhas got is is that ithasable to increase the market share and level of customer base to large extent. Also, the other benefit of hiring and recruiting new and advance talent from the other countries has been gained by Tesco.On the other hand, in views of Smith, ed., (2015), another major benefit of doing a global business is that it creates a chance for 5
development of the economic condition of country as well. This is because of the reason that due to global or international business many new foreign investment opportunities have been evolved like investing in foreign countries' equity companies, foreign debt and many other options. Also, there is more increase in the foreign direct investment which increases level of economy. In the words ofTaylor, Bogdan and DeVault, (2015), other than these, another benefit of being global is to learn and explore new culture and societies. This helps the country in developing knowledge regarding new cultures, values, beliefs, attitudes of the new society's and cultures. Also in opinion ofCoulibaly, Erbao and Mekongcho, (2018), another benefit is it helps the business in increasing the sales of the company because if the market share will increase then automatically it will increase the sales and profits (Global business advantages and disadvantages.2019).For example. In relation to Tesco , there has been been significant increase in sales and profit of an organisation after expansion of business in international market.As per the opinion ofNjoku, (2018)increase in the capability of an enterprise to attract more number of customers is considered to be as one of the main advantage of being a global business. However , it has been argued by other authors as well as researcher that being a global business , an enterprise can diversify itscustomer base as well as increase its revenue streams. According to the perception ofGrimalda, Buchan and Brewer, (2018)., the main benefit of being a global business is that , firm can develop strong relationship with domestic enterprises.These business partners can help organisation in increasing the firms global infrastructure. As per the views of author Aggarwal, (2019) the company going to take business in global market get assess to large pool of customers. As the product and services offered by the company needs to be success in the international markets. The company have the advantage to create new customer. The company even have the advantage of getting talented and skilled employees from the global markets. The company is able to hire employees which were not available in the domestic country with the unique skill requirement in the employee. As the employee have unique mindset and skills which helps the company to achieve its major goal. As per the views of authorLeimgruber, (2018) the company which is expanding its business in international markets have the advantage of exposure to foreign investments. As it is beneficial for the company which are already known in the market and have reputation in the global markets. The company doing business in global markets has advantages to mix and learn new culture by getting access to the information of new places and understanding people with 6
different perceptions. The firm is able to analyse the the needs of domestic customers more precisely. Which will help the company to increases its goodwill and enjoy the prestiges for being an international firm. As the investors and business partner will think more highly of the company presence in the international as well as domestic market. In global markets the company has another advantages to diversify its product and services which will help the company to generate more revenue. Challenges faced by the firms due to globalization In words ofFaghih, (2019), with thebenefits, there are also somechallenges which company has to face while doing global business. The major challenge is that every country has its own set of laws, rules and regulation which the companies doing business has to follow on any condition. This becomes cumbersome for companies because they have to follow strict rules and regulations of other country along with following the rules and regulations of local country as well. Contradictory, in the views ofMerriam and Grenier, eds., (2019), the another major drawback of doing international or the global business is that it may face problem due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations. This is because of the reason that both countries uses different currencies and exchange rate of these currencies keeps on changing which creates a problem at the time of conducting business. In the words ofDawson, (2019), another major challenge is the increase in competition level because due to globalization all the companies in every country is a competitor of one another because of which there is cut throat competition.According to the opinion ofNikolova, Kuporov and Rodionov, 2015.,globalisationhas given rise to stiff competitionbecause of which many of organisationin retail industry is facing issue in concentrating on core business activities that further has adverse effect on the performance. It has been critique by other researchers that controlling the costs and maintaining the profit is the key challenge which is faced by firm in retail sector because of globalisation(Pieterse, 2018). Combating barriers of globalization in retail industry In words ofBernard, (2017), there are many barriers which hampers the process of globalization. The major barrier is cultural barrier. These barriers can be overcome or combated by doing a thorough study and analysis of allthefactors and elements of that country with whom business is going to be carried on. This is because ofthereason that if country before doing business with another country knows beforehand allthesystem and processes of doing business within that country then it will become much easier to do business. Ontheother hand, inthe 7
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opinion ofAlvesson and Sköldberg, (2017), another barrier is technological barrier. This barrier can be overcome by hiring a person who has in depth knowledge relating to technological aspect. That person will study the technological part of the country where the new business is going to be established and will let the company know and adapt to the new technologies beforehand and gain knowledge before going for new business. Intheviews ofDuBrin, (2015), another major barrier is the legal barrier which can br removed or eradicated by hiring a person who is fully knowledgeable and expert person who can handle all the legal issues in any country and deal with the legal structure of any country. The person must be able to handle any contingent situation if occurs contingently. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Type There are two types of research method namely qualitative and quantitative research methods. Qualitative research is related tointerview, questionnaire, realistic technique to its matter which means qualitative researchers look at matters of their natural parameters, trying to make experience of, or understand, theory in terms of the content people convey to them. On the other hand, quantitative research gathers records in a numerical structure which can be placed into categories, or can be ranked, or measured in dimensions. For conducting the research on globalization affecting the success of the business the researcher has used qualitative researchso that questionnaire is raised to get the accurate results. This is because of the reason that this type of research helps in getting the in depth knowledge of the research topic and to gain complete knowledge of the topic(Harding, 2018). Research onion : It basicallyhighlights the phases which researcher is required to undergo while developing an effective methodology. Inresearch onion there are number of layers. The layers are categorised into six segments these are research approach, philosophy, strategy, choices, time horizons. 8
Research approach There are three types of approaches which are inclusive of inductive, deductive and abductive wherein, inductive research recognized as inductive reasoning, begins with the observations and hypothesis that are projected toward the end of the research system because of observations.On the other hand, deductive research takes the process defined in advance for inductive studies and opposite their order further, they start with a social hypothesis that they find persuasive after which check its implications with record(Kumar,2019). However, the scholar for carrying on the present study has used inductive approach as this method aims toidentify the actualinformationgathered that allows identifying styles and similaritiesto construct a theory. Research Philosophy It undertakes two types of philosophythrough which study can be conducted namely: Positivism and Interpretitvism. Positivism correspond that simplest actual knowledge received through statement, such as dimension.Further, in positivism the function of the researcher is constrained to record collection and interpretation in a verifiable pattern (Krugman, 2017). On 9
the other hand, Interpretivism, additionally known as interpretivist includes researchers to understand factors of the study, for that reason Interpretivism incorporate human interest right into the research. Therefore, interpretive researchers anticipate that admittance to reality is most effective through social buildings consisting of language, attention, shared meanings, and units. For continuing with the research on globalization influencing success of business the research has used interpretivism. This is because of the reason that this philosophy aims at concentrating on meaning and may use a different method with a purpose to replicate specific components of the difficulty. Research Design In thismethod,itcarriestwotypesof designinresearchmethodologysuchas: Experimental and Descriptive. Experimental research design studies primary method undertakes to researchgeneral aspectsand to take a look at the connection among one variable and otherwise. However, it is a scientific approach to investigate in which the researcher manipulates one or extra variables, and controls and measures any change in different variables. On the other hand, Descriptive research is aspecific technique which entails indefining the behaviour of a content without determining it in any way. For the completion of the research the scholar has made use of descriptive research design. It is majorly because of the reason that this design helps the researcher to conduct study by considering large number of populations for reaching the outcomes(Palinkas and et.al., 2015). Sampling Thismethodmainlyconcludedwithtwotypesofsamplingnamely;probabilistic samplingand non-probabilistic wherein, probabilistic Sampling is a technique wherein sample from a larger populace are selected which will based on the theory of opportunity. On the other hand, Non-probability sampling means a collection of sampling strategies that assist researchers to select units from a populace that they're inquisitive about analysing (Potrafke, 2015). However,forcontinuingwiththepresentresearch,theresearcherhasusednon probabilistic method whereinrandom sampling methodis usedfor choosing the samples. This is because of the reason that under this method every respondent of the whole population has equal chance of getting selected as a sample. 10
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Collecting Data: Data is to be collected throughtwo methods which encompasses of primarymethodand secondary method. In primary research is conducted with the help of original data for example surveys.In respective ofsecondary data, it collected on the basis ofvariousinformation that is already be collected by some other person (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015).The researcher has usedboth themethod wherein in primary method, survey is conductedby preferring the questionnaire and secondarymethodsis conducted with a purpose to write literature review. Analysis of Data It carriestwo methods namely qualitative and quantitative methods in whichqualitative research is used to conduct in-depth study of subject matter based on natural overview whereas quantitative research is collected to develop numeral data based on mathematical techniques (Muth and et.al., 2015).For the present research the data analysis is done on qualitative basis sonly. This is because of the reason that the quantitative data is much more beneficial as it gets the fact clear with the quantitative analysis. Gantt Chart: Task ModeTask NameDurationStartFinishPredecessors Auto Schedule d Research proposal preparation10 wksThu 5/9/19Wed 7/17/19 Auto Schedule d Approval of proposal2 wksThu 7/18/19Wed 7/31/191 Auto Schedule d Introduction of study, aims and objectives1 wkThu 8/1/19Wed 8/7/192 Auto Schedule d Literature review2 wksThu 8/1/19Wed 8/14/191,2 Auto Schedule d Research methodology3 wksThu 8/1/19Wed 8/21/192 Auto Schedule d Analysis of gathered data1 wkThu 8/22/19Wed 8/28/195 Auto Schedule Interpret the data2 wksThu 8/29/19Wed 9/11/196 11
d Auto Schedule d Conclusion and recommendations1 wkThu 9/12/19Wed 9/18/197 Auto Schedule d Writing the first draft1 wkThu 9/19/19Wed 9/25/198 Auto Schedule d Final draft and submission2 wksMon 9/30/19Fri 10/11/199 Data analysis and interpretations QUESTIONNAIRE Name of company: Name of questioner: Age: Gender: 1.Are you aware about the recent trends of globalisation? 12
Yes No Not Sure 2. What are positive effects of globalisationon Tesco? Increased international trade Lower cost of expenses Higher consumer base Greater access to advanced technology 3. Due to globalisation, by how much percent employment opportunities have been developed within organisation? 10% 25% 50% 75% 4. Does globalisation have helped company to connect with other companies? Yes No 5.What percentage of operations are being performed by your company at international level? 1-25% 25-55% 55-85% 85-100% 6. To what extent has globalisation affected the operations of company? Greatly Moderately Not at all 7. from the following what are the benefits of globalization? Superior quality products More foreign currency Waste reduction 13
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All of the above 8. what are the recent trends in globalization? Expansion of business operations Advancement in technology Creating bond with other culture Providing more employment opportunities 9. What are the challenges face byTescodue to globalisation? Loss of local culture Loss of income Strong bond with other culture Instability in revenue 10. do you think Tesco is performing its business due to globalization? Yes No Theme 1: Mostof the managers are aware about the recent trends of globalisation PARTICULARSMANAGERS Yes15 No6 Not sure4 14
INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 15 managers who are aware about the recent trends of globalisation, on the flip side there are 6 managers who are not aware aboutthe recent trends of globalisation and further, there are only 4 managers who are not sure about the recent trends of globalisation. Theme 2: International tradeis the most positive impact of globalisation on company PARTICULARSMANAGERS Increased international trade13 Lower cost of expenses3 higher consumer base2 greater access to advanced technology7 15 Yes No Not sure 0246810121416 MANAGERS
INTERPRETATION:Fromthe above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 13 managers who says that international trade is most positive factor that have impacted the company, further, there are 3 managers who says that lower cost of expenses is the factor of globalisation that have positively impacted the operations of the company, there are 2 managers who depicted that higher consumer base is the positive impact of globalisation of company and eventually there are 7 managers who says that greater access to advanced technology is the most positive impact of globalisation of the company. Theme 3: Around 50% employment opportunities have been developed within an organisation. PARTICULARSMANAGERS 10.00%2 16 Increased international trade Lower cost of expenses higher consumer base
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25.00%5 50.00%10 75.00%8 INTERPRETATION:Fromthe above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 2 managers who says that around 10% of employment opportunities have been created within the organisation due to globalisation, further, there are 5 managers who depicted that there are 25% of employment opportunities that is developed within a company due to increasing trend of globalisation, moreover, there are 10 managers who says that around 50% of employment opportunities have been created by the company and there are 8 managers who says that there are 75% of employment opportunities have been developed by the company due to globalisation. 17 0.10.250.50.75 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MANAGERS
Theme 4: Yes globalisation have helped company to connect with other companies. PARTICULARSMANAGERS Yes15 No10 INTERPRETATION:Fromthe above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 15 managers who voted in the favour that globalisation has helped company to connect with other companies and there are only 10 managerswhosaysthatglobalisationhasnotassistedcompanytoconnectwithother organisations. Theme 5: Around 55-85% company's operations is conducted internationally. PARTICULARSMANAGERS 18 YesNo 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 MANAGERS
1-25%2 25-55%3 55-85%14 85-100%6 INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are only 2 managers who says that around 1-25% of company's operations are conducted internationally due to globalisation, further there are 3 managers who says that around 25-55% of company's operation have been conducted internationally, moreover, the research study shows that there are 14 managers who says that around 55-85% of company's operations are conducted internationally due to the impact of globalisation and there are 6 managers who says that around 85-100% of company's activities are operated internationally. Theme 6: Globalisation has affected company on a greater aspect. 19 1-25% 25-55% 55-85% 85-100% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% MANAGERS
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PARTICULARSMANAGERS Greatly15 Moderately7 Not at all3 INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified that there are 15 managers who says that globalisation has greatly affected the company, further there are 7 manager who says that globalisation have moderately impacted the organisation and there are only 3 managers who depicted that globalisation has not all impacted the corporations. Theme 7: All of the above are the benefits of globalization PARTICULARSMANAGERS Superior quality products4 20 Greatly Moderately Not at all Greatly Moderately Not at all
More foreign currency2 Waste reduction4 All of the above15 INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified that if the companies goes for globalization then there are many benefits which are enjoyed by the company such as superior quality products, increase in foreign currency, waste reduction and many other. However, some of the manager agrees to all the answers individually. Theme 8: advancement in technology is the major trend due to globalization PARTICULARSMANAGERS expansion of business operations5 advancement of technology12 creating bond with other culture4 21
providing more employment opportunities4 INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it is concluded that maximum of the respondent agrees that availability of the technology is the major trend because of globalization. The reason underlying this fact is that with help of globalization any country can trade with any other and this increases the interaction between the countries and this increases the technology transfer to a great extent. However, some of the participant agrees that the trend of globalization is more employment opportunities. But some other states that the bonding of different culture is also a trend of the globalization. Theme 9: Lose of local culture is major challenge that is face by the company PARTICULARSMANAGERS loss of local culture12 loss of income5 Strong bond with other culture5 Instability in revenue3 22
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INTERPRETATION:Fromthe above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 12 managers who says that lose of local culture is the major challenge that is face by company due to the impact of globalisation, there are 5 managers who says that lose of income is that challenge that is faced by the company due to globalisation, further there are 5 managers who depicted that strong bond with other culture is the major challenges' organisation will face due to globalisation and there are only 3 managers who says that instability in revenue is the challenge that company will face due to the increasing trend of globalisation(Sklair, 2016). Theme 10: Yes, Tesco is performing its business due to globalization PARTICULARSMANAGERS Yes15 No10 23 lose of local culture lose of income Strong bond with other culture Instability in revenue 024681012 MANAGERS
INTERPRETATION: from the above analysis of the data it is inferred that yes, the major part of the business of Tesco is done because of the globalization. This is agreed by the maximum of the respondent as the major business of the company is in the foreign market. And this is only possible because of the concept of globalization only. However, the rest of the respondent do not agree to this fact. RESEARCH OUTCOMES, REFLECTION& RECOMMENDATION FOR ALTERNATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY REFLECTION From the above research it has been identified that researcher has used qualitative method to conduct the study.This research helps in understanding of the concept of globalization in more clear and detailed way.Furthermore, the researcher has used inductive approach for carrying on the research.It is because of the reason it is best suited with the qualitative research. Moreover, the within research philosophy the researcher have used Interpretivism because of the reason that it involves the research in interpreting the elements of the study and to draw some relevant conclusions from the findings.On the flip side, the researcher has used descriptive research design.It has chosen this research design because of the fact that it helps in analysing the concept of globalization in detail and to develop more understanding on the topic of research 24
that is globalization influences companies in achieving success.Moreover, the researcher has used random sampling for choosing the samples.It is so because of the reason that under this method evert part of universe has equal chance of getting selected for the study. Furthermore, whileconducting theresearch thescholar has used both primary and secondary data which is useful because of the reason that it includes both the direct information collected from the respondent and the viewpoints of the different authors also. Alternative methods of research Insteadoftheabovediscussedresearchmethodstheresearchercouldhaveused quantitative method of research. This is because of the reason that it includes analysis of numbers which provides more accurate results. Also, in place of inductive approach the scholar could have used deductive approach because it makes use of existing methods and hypothesis to reach the conclusion. Instead of using interpretivism the research can use positivism as it is based in scientific techniques and experiments for reaching to some conclusions. Also, in place of descriptive research the scholar could have used experimental research design as it helps in developing relation between two different variables. Again, in place of thematic analysis the researcher could have used SPSS and other different statistical tools for analysing the data. RECOMMENDATION In order to cope upwith the increasing trend of globalisation the Tesco should adopt various advanced technologies that will increase their customer base and at the same time increases the sales of the company. Further, the company should set some strategies like providing home delivery of product within one hour of the order being placed. Moreover, in ordertoexpandtheiroperationsinternationallythecompanyshouldintroducenewand innovative products to new customers in order to capture huge customer base which in turn increases the market share of the company (Wright, 2016). Moreover, the company should provide the facility of online payment system which is most trending system as people prefer to make payment through debit or credit thus, this will directly impact the profitability of the company. Moreover, the company should frame such policies and rules through they can operate their business activities more successful and without any discrimination and further, they should provide training to their employees so that they can adapt to the change which may occur suddenly due to the changing trend of globalisation. 25
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CONCLUSION This research report briefly summarizes about the impact of globalisation on the retail industry.It has also been concluded that recent trends of globalisation have significant impact on the company.It has been concluded from the above that by expanding businesses at international level an organisation can increase its sales and profitability. The other fact which has been discovered is that the number of challenges are faced by company in facilitating business operations at international level. It has also been found that economic challenge is faced by company due to continuous changes in exchange rate because of globalisation. 26
REFERENCES Books and journals Alvesson, M. and Sköldberg, K., 2017.Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research. Sage. Bernard,H.R.,2017.Researchmethodsinanthropology:Qualitativeandquantitative approaches. Rowman & Littlefield. Coulibaly,S.K.,Erbao,C.andMekongcho,T.M.,2018.Economicglobalization, entrepreneurship, and development.Technological Forecasting and Social Change,127, pp.271-280. Cuervo‐Cazurra and et.al., 2017. Research methodology in global strategy research.Global Strategy Journal.7(3). pp.233-240. Dawson, C., 2019.Introduction to Research Methods 5th Edition: A Practical Guide for Anyone Undertaking a Research Project. Robinson. DuBrin, A.J., 2015. Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Nelson Education. Faghih,N.,2019.AnIntroductionto:GlobalizationandDevelopment—Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Business and Policy Insights from Asia and Africa. InGlobalization and Development(pp. 1-10). Springer, Cham. Flick, U., 2015.Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Grimalda, G., Buchan, N. and Brewer, M., 2018. Social identity mediates the positive effect of globalization on individual cooperation: Results from international experiments.PloS one,13(12), p.e0206819. Harding, J., 2018. Qualitative data analysis: From start to finish. SAGE Publications Limited. Krugman, P., 2017. Crises: The price of globalisation?.In Economics of Globalisation (pp. 31- 50).Routledge. Kumar, R., 2019.Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage Publications Limited. Leimgruber, W., 2018.Between global and local: marginality and marginal regions in the context of globalization and deregulation. Routledge. Mackey, A. and Gass, S. M., 2015.Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. McCusker, K. and Gunaydin, S., 2015. Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research.Perfusion. 30(7). pp.537-542. Merriam, S. B. and Grenier, R. S. eds., 2019.Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. Jossey-Bass. Njoku, O.S., 2018. Effect of Globalisation in Recruitment policies in Nigeria.Global Journal of Management And Business Research. Palinkas and et.al., 2015. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research.42(5).pp.533-544. Potrafke, N., 2015. The evidence on globalisation.The World Economy.38(3).pp.509-552. Quinlan, C. and et.al., 2019.Business research methods. South Western Cengage. 27
Silverman, D. ed., 2016.Qualitative research. Sage. Smith, J. A. ed., 2015.Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons. Wright, S., 2016.Language policy and language planning: From nationalism to globalisation. Springer. Online Globalbusinessadvantagesanddisadvantages.2019[Online].Availablethrough: https://bizfluent.com/info-8172773-global-business-advantages-disadvantages.html 28
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ANNEXURE 29
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INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 15 managers who are aware about the recent trends of globalisation, on the flip side there are 6 managers who are not aware about the recent trends of globalisation and further, there are only 4 managers who are not sure about the recent trends of globalisation. 31
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INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 13 managers who says that international trade is most positive factor that have impacted the company, further, there are 3 managers who says that lower cost of expenses is the factor of globalisation that have positively impacted the operations of the company, there are 2 managers who depicted that higher consumer base is the positive impact of globalisation of company and eventually there are 7 managers who says that greater access to advanced technology is the most positive impact of globalisation of the company. 32
INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 2 managers who says that around 10% of employment opportunities have been created within the organisation due to globalisation, further, there are 5 managers who depicted that there are 25% of employment opportunities that is developed within a company due to increasing trend of globalisation, moreover, there are 10 managers who says that around 50% of employment opportunities have been created by the company and there are 8 managers who says that there are 75% of employment opportunities have been developed by the company due to globalisation. 33
INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 15 managers who voted in the favour that globalisation has helped company to connect with other companies and there are only 10 managers who says that globalisation has not assisted company to connect with other organisations. 34
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INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are only 2 managers who says that around 1-25% of company's operations are conducted internationally due to globalisation, further there are 3 managers who says that around 25-55% of company's operation have been conducted internationally, moreover, the research study shows that there are 14 managerswhosaysthataround55-85%ofcompany'soperationsareconducted internationally due to the impact of globalisation and there are 6 managers who says that around 85-100% of company's activities are operated internationally. 35
\ INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified that there are 15 managers who says that globalisation has greatly affected the company, further there are 7 manager who says that globalisation have moderately impacted the organisation and there are only 3 managers who depicted that globalisation has not all impacted the corporations. 36
INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from25managersofTescoithasbeenidentifiedthatifthecompaniesgoesfor globalization then there are many benefits which are enjoyed by the company such as superior quality products, increase in foreign currency, waste reduction and many other. However, some of the manager agrees to all the answers individually. 37
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INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it is concluded that maximum of the respondent agrees that availability of the technology is the major trend because of globalization. The reason underlying this fact is that with help of globalization any country can trade with any other and this increases the interaction between the countries and this increases the technology transfer to a great extent. However, some of the participant agrees that the trend of globalization is more employment opportunities. But some other states that the bonding of different culture is also a trend of the globalization 38
INTERPRETATION:From the above table and graphical representation of survey conducted from 25 managers of Tesco it has been identified there are 12 managers who says that lose of local culture is the major challenge that is face by company due to the impact of globalisation, there are 5 managers who says that lose of income is that challenge that is faced by the company due to globalisation, further there are 5 managers who depicted that strong bond with other culture is the major challenges' organisation will face due to globalisation and there are only 3 managers who says that instability in revenue is the challenge that company will face due to the increasing trend of globalisation. 39
INTERPRETATION: from the above analysis of the data it is inferred that yes, the major part of the business of Tesco is done because of the globalization. This is agreed by the maximum of the respondent as the major business of the company is in the foreign market. And this is only possible because of the concept of globalization only. However, the rest of the respondent do not agree to this fact. 40
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