Application of AI Technologies in Business, Education, Transport, Health and Agricultural Sectors

This research proposal discusses the applicability of Artificial Intelligence technologies in business, education, transport, health and agricultural sectors. It identifies the problem of lack of understanding of AI applications and proposes a research question to explore the use of AI technologies to improve efficiency in different sectors. The proposal includes a literature review, methodology, and implications of research.

Research Proposal
Applications of Artificial Intelligence Technologies Today
COURSE
NAME
UNIVERSITY/AFFILIATION

Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
i. Abstract
This paper is about a research proposal on application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies
in education, transport, business, agricultural and health sectors. The problem that has led to this proposal
is that many people don’t understand much on how AI applications can be used to perform different
activities such as helping medical practitioners to diagnose patients. Therefore, this study will discuss
applications of AI technologies. This will help business people and medical practitioners to be informed.
Hence, they will be able to incorporate AI applications into their daily operations. This will enhance
productivity as different processes will be carried out at a faster rate.
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Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
Table of Contents
i. Abstract..............................................................................................................................................2
ii. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................3
iii. Literature Review..........................................................................................................................4
iv. Methodology...................................................................................................................................6
i. Research Type................................................................................................................................6
Quantitative and qualitative data.....................................................................................................6
Secondary and Primary Data...........................................................................................................6
ii. Research Design.........................................................................................................................6
iii. Sources........................................................................................................................................7
v. Data Collection Methods...............................................................................................................7
vi. Discussion and Implications of Research.....................................................................................8
vii. Conclusion......................................................................................................................................8
Reference.....................................................................................................................................................9
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Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
ii. Introduction
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of
machines that solve problems by mimicking
human beings [1]. It can also be referred to as
machine intelligence. Currently, it has been applied
in different industries such as medicine,
entertainment and education. In healthcare, AI
technologies help doctors to diagnose patients, and
afterwards, provides necessary steps that should be
followed to treat illness [2]. Other than healthcare,
AI technologies are used in businesses to enable
management to analyze different product brands
that customers like, hence increasing customer
satisfaction as a result. Also, applications such as
Chatbots are used to serve customers in banks [2]-
[3]. However, there has been a lot of controversies
in this area of study.
Thesis: To identify and explain applicability
of Artificial Intelligence technologies in business,
education, transport, health and agricultural
sectors.
Problem: The application of AI technologies
in business, education, transport, health and
agricultural sectors is not well understood.
Research Question: How can AI technologies
be used to improve efficiency in business,
education, transport, health and agricultural
sectors?
This paper is divided into the following
sections:
i. Abstract: This section entails a summary
of main things that have been discussed in
the paper.
ii. Introduction: This section has discussed
the introduction to AI. Also, research
thesis, question and problem have been
stated.
iii. Literature Review: This section has
analyzed several sources that are related to
the area of study.
iv. Methodology: This section entails the
procedure that will be followed while
carrying out the research.
v. Discussion and implications of research:
This section has explained whether ethical
clearance will be required in the study.
vi. Conclusion: This section entails my
final opinion about AI.
References: This section contains a list of
sources that have been used in the entire
paper.
iii. Literature Review
Recently, many researchers have shown
interest in studying applications of AI
technologies. This is evidenced by increased
number of journals and articles on AI. First and
foremost, AI technologies can be used to predict
the chances of losing hearing when one is exposed
to noisy places such as steel factories. The
information that is collection help management to
undertake some measures to reduce noise, hence
providing conducive working environment to their
employees [3]. This improves employees’
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Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
satisfaction as a result, hence increasing
productivity. Other than predictions, AI
technologies are used to detect fraud [4].
Currently, cyber-crime has increased immensely
due to the increased number of internet users.
Apart from many internet users, development of
sophisticated systems has also raised a lot of
privacy issues. These cybercrime activities have
jeopardized businesses as there is fear of losing
sensitive data and information that is useful in
making decisions [5]. The Information Security
personnel have tried their level best to ensure that
cyber infrastructures are protected from attacks.
However, their efforts remains futile. Therefore,
AI solutions remains to be one of the only hope of
combating cybercrime. AI applications such as
swarm intelligence and fuzzy logic assist cyber-
security applications to make informed decisions.
These AI applications can learn and memorize.
Therefore, they can store information regarding
recent system attacks [4]-[5].
In addition, AI applications also play vital
roles in education sector [6]. Artificial Intelligence
in Education (AIED) field is not a new concept as
it has existed since early 1970’s. The following are
some of the AIED examples; a system that assists
one to learn a new language such as Arabic and the
one that enable students to understand
Mathematical units such as calculus and linear
algebra [7]. These systems not only help students
to learn, but also promote curiosity. Also, they
orient students as well as giving them support
when they encounter some problems. Other than
classroom assistants, AI technologies can also be
used in grading especially in online examination.
Last but not least, AI applications can help
teachers and staff to make informed decisions.
They can decide which unit students have failed
terribly and try to ensure that they have passed it
next time [8]. Also, Artificial Intelligence
Technologies are vital in medical diagnosis.
Besides, they are also used in medical prediction.
However, Seong warns that AI applications should
be integrated carefully. He states that improper
implementation of these technologies may lead to
wrong diagnosis, hence leading to adverse effects
such as development of complications in illness
and sometimes it leads to death [9]. Therefore,
multiple methods should be used to collect data
and information from medical practitioners. Some
of these methods include; observation, interviews
and questionnaire. Multiple data collection
methods ensure that collected data is accurate and
realistic [8]-[9].
Besides, Intelligent Personal Assistants
(IPA) provides information on real-time basis.
These applications can remind managers and
employees about some of the upcoming events
such as meetings and appointments [10]. Other
than being used in a business setting, IPA can also
help give people directions to certain places turn-
by-turn. Furthermore, they can be used to give
respond to customers’ questions instantly.
Microsoft Cortana is one of the examples of IPA.
The main advantage of IPA is that it uses natural
language rather than machine language, therefore,
easy to understand. However, the research has
shown that AI should be applied in different areas,
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Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
but with a lot of caution. Apple’s Siri and Google
now are some examples of IPA that indicates that
there is a lot of success in this area [10].
Furthermore, the AI applications have also
been applied in transport industry. First and
foremost, autonomous buses have been developed
in countries such as China. However, the research
have revealed that there are a lot of challenges
associated with these autonomous vehicle because
they are designed to travel in a specific
environment [11]. These vehicles are affected with
varying traffic patterns and built-up structures.
Other than autonomous buses, AI applications are
also used to control traffic operations. This has
reduced accidents along the roads as these systems
predicts probability of a vehicle to cause an
accident. Other than accidents, it has also reduced
traffic flow as these systems advises vehicles and
passengers to take alternative routes. In addition,
sensors in driverless trains collect information that
help in making decisions on real-time basis [11].
Last but not least, AI applications have
been used widely in agricultural sector. Firstly, the
AI applications predicts the actual time that crops
will take to ripe. Hence, enabling farmers to plan
properly. Also, crops’ health can be determined by
analyzing the soil sample. Hence, necessary steps
can be taken afterwards. AI application in farming
include greenhouse modelling [12]. The research
has shown that the application of AI in farming can
help governments across the globe to sustain their
growing population. These applications are also
vital in aviation where they are used in training
simulators. The following are some of the gaps that
I’ve identified in the above literatures:
 In AI literature, there are few researchers
who have discussed about AI safety. Thus,
AI applications may lead to adverse effects
in case of a failure.
 There is no any researcher who has
explained how AI applications can adapt
different environmental condition. Hence,
there is a need of carrying out more
research in this area.
 These researches have not covered AI
applications fully. Some of the important
aspects such as AI application in security
has been left out or not fully discussed.
Therefore, a lot needs to be done in this
field.
iv. Methodology
i. Research Type
Quantitative and qualitative data
Both quantitative and qualitative research will
be used to answer the research question. This is
because there will be variety of data i.e. those that
may or may not be quantified [13]. For instance,
quantitative data include the total number of
medical centers that will take part in the study.
Also, the total number of participants who will
support the idea that AI applications should be
applied in areas such as business. On the other
hand, qualitative data include the color of an expert
system [14].
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Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
Secondary and Primary Data
Both secondary and primary data will be used
in the research. Regarding secondary data, the
information will be collected from recent
researches that were carried out by different
researchers [15]. This information will be read and
extracted from books, journals, articles and even
newspapers. It will also include laboratory
experiments and results that were recorded by
different experts. This will play vital roles as it will
ensure that collected data is accurate. On the other
hand, primary data include surveys.
ii. Research Design
Descriptive research design will be used in
the study. This will help in providing a detailed
explanation regarding AI applications in different
fields. Therefore, business people and medical
practitioners will be able to understand what AI
technologies entails. Also, they will know some of
the AI tools such as sensors [16].
iii. Sources
The study will involve industries, companies
and medical centers that rely heavily on AI
technologies. It will not only involve experts, but
also other less skilled employees who interact with
the AI systems within different organizations. The
following sampling methods will be used to select
participants who will take part in the study:
 Stratified Sampling.
There will be several groups that will be
formed basing on a certain criteria. For instance,
people will be grouped in relation to their
specialization such as surgeons and dentists [17].
Afterwards, they will be selected from those
groups. This method has many advantages such as
improving accuracy.
 Convenience sampling.
This technique will also be used in participant
selection whereby those people who will be
available will take part in the study [18]. This is
because some people will be busy carrying on with
their activities during the study. In addition to
availability, participants will also be determined
basing on their willingness.
v. Data Collection Methods
The following are techniques that will be used to
gather information regarding AI applications:
i. Observation. This technique will be
used to collect data from companies,
hospitals and transport sectors. This
method is very vital as it provides
first-hand information regarding how
AI applications are used to solve
problems in real-life situations [19].
For instance, I’ll observe how self-
driven vehicle avoids an obstacle. In
medical centers, I’ll observe how AI
applications help medical practitioners
to diagnose patients and whether they
give accurate prescriptions [20].
ii. Questionnaires. Regarding this
technique, there will be a form that
will be filled by only specified users
who have interacted with AI
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Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
applications. This method is very
convenient as it is inexpensive. Other
than users, the list of questions will
also be shared over the internet so that
people can fill and submit them over
the internet [21].
iii. Interviewing. The interview will be
structured. The questions will range
from basic to complex. This method
will be vital as non-verbal data will
also be collected. The interviews will
not only be limited to in-person, but
also telephone interviews will be used
to collect data from different experts
across the globe [22].
vi. Discussion and Implications of
Research
My study needs ethical clearance due to the
following reasons:
 Human participants will be involved in
the study [23]. My research will
involve experts such as surgeons,
hence it will be mandatory for ethical
clearance. This is because I need to
ensure that their safety has not been
interfered with. Thus, they must be
protected during the research. Other
than safety, I must also ensure that
their well-being has been given a first
priority and taken care of.
 The study will involve sensitive data
from books and journals. Therefore,
ethical approval is mandatory. Apart
from books, it will also involves
critical data of different patients and
organizations. Therefore, ethical
clearance will ensure that I’ve
maintained confidentiality of the
highest degree [24].
 Ethical clearance is one of the
requirements in the academic
institutions before any research is
conducted. Otherwise, it is regarded as
misconduct.
 The research will involve vulnerable
groups like those with disability
problems such as the blind.
The following are some of the effects of the
findings that might occur:
AI technologies are efficient as compared
to human beings. This will lead to
incorporation of AI applications by many
companies and organizations worldwide.
There are a lot of security issues that are
associated with AI applications. This
findings will discourage companies from
adopting AI technologies, hence having
negative impacts on the AI field.
There are some a lot of challenges
associated with knowledge acquisition,
hence inaccurate data can be stored in the
knowledge base. This finding will
discourage medical practitioners from
using AI applications as it can lead to
wrong diagnosis, therefore, affecting the
AI field.
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Research Proposal Author Name: Application of AI technologies
vii. Conclusion
In conclusion, AI involves the study of
machines that mimic human beings. These
machines are regarded as intelligent as they can
make informed decisions. AI applications are used
in different sectors ranging from business to
education. However, many people are reluctant to
integrate these applications into their activities due
to lack of information on how these applications
can be used to enhance operations. Therefore, my
study will play vital roles in educating people such
as medical practitioners on the importance of AI
technologies. Afterwards, they will integrate these
applications into their activities which will help
them to diagnose patients faster. However, my
study will need ethical approval due to the
following reasons; it involves human beings and
sensitive data. Finally, my study will impact both
negatively and positively on AI. For instance,
findings such as the AI technologies are efficient
as compared to human beings will lead to
incorporation of AI applications by many
companies and organizations worldwide. On the
contrary, findings such as the AI systems may
provide wrong information depending on the
inputs given will scare people from using these
systems in their businesses. AI is the field that is
advancing rapidly and soon it will be incorporated
by many companies and organization. However, it
will not replace human beings completely.
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