Analyzing Health Disparities and Awareness Initiatives in England

This assignment requires a comprehensive analysis of the current health landscape in England, focusing on non-infectious diseases, health awareness initiatives by organizations like WHO and NHS, and the impact of social factors on health outcomes. Students should explore emerging issues, recommend lifestyle modifications for healthier living, and evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing initiatives.

Role of Public Health
in Health and
Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Different agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in communities....................3
1.2 Epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease..........................................4
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease.....6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Current Priorities and approaches to provision of services to ill people...............................7
2.2 Explanation of relationship between prevalence of disease and service requirements.........7
2.3 Effect of present choices of lifestyle on future needs for health and social care services....8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Health and well-being priorities for individuals...................................................................9
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care setting..............9
3.3 Changes that could be made to improve the health and well-being of individuals...............9
3.4 Implemented activity to encourage behaviour change for maximizing health for
individuals.................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Society must maintain and create conditions under that community members can be
remain more healthy. The Public health practice has been increasing in England,as people of
country are facing major health issues such as HIV, STI etc. For achieving the required outcome,
there are remained some essential areas where government need development for reducing
diseased number of people and increase awareness of health (Achan and et. al., 2011). This
report will assess different strategies and approaches to measure, control and monitor the disease
incidence in communities along with implication of diseases in communities for health and
social service care provision. It will also evaluate the individual priorities of well-being ad health
in certain social or health care setting.
TASK 1
1.1 Different agencies in identifying levels of health and disease in communities
There are numerous organisations that has been working critically over the health and
service issues within different nations all around the world. Here are mentioned some of the
largest companies and their roles in the public health and social care:
WHO also refer to the world health organisation is US based specialised agency which is
concerned with the global health issues. According to them, public health can be defined as
coordinating measures whether it is private or public to prevent health issues, prolong life and
promote health among the whole population. This also focus on situation in which entire people
can be healthier. This consist of the monitoring and assessment of population and communities at
risk. This is also able to design t terms to recognise national and local issues related to England
health.
NHS England is another non-departmental public structure which is concerned with
health issues of country (Barer, 2017). This plays a vital role in managing work and achieving
standard health level. This supports the services of NHS nationally ensuring which money should
be spend and which services can render more effective services to patients. Through organising
or setting standard doctors, they helps their patients and keep maintaining level of diseases and
health in the nation.
The local state of England is improving their public health services and local population
involving the sexual health services that focus over the alcohol misuse and reducing drug. By
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these services, they can render welfare services like accommodation residential for the patients
who need care cause of disability, drug and illness.
1.2 Epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease
Epidemiology can be defined as study of determinants and distribution of health linked
with events and states as well as implications of the mentioned assignment for disease control
and other issues linked with health (Berkman, Kawachi and Glymour, 2014). This gather and
evaluate information, control disease, analyse leading outbreak to epidemics prevention as well
as issues of other community. This also recognise issues related to health understanding various
programs. There are numerous manner through which epidemiological can be conveyed:
observation evaluation and communication. It can incur due to various incidences such as
iconological system, disruption , defenceless society or communities, trends etc.
Disease spread based on two different elements on which they are eliminated into two
types i.e. infectious: based on viruses, fungi, bacteria etc. and non-infectious disease: cause of
environmental toxins etc. Here are mentioned two major infectious and non-infectious disease of
England i.e. mentioned as below:
Infectious Diseases: HIV
HIV is one of the major infectious disease from which England has been suffering from.
Approximate half of the population are HIV positive in London (Braveman and et al., 2011).
One individual out of 8 MSM is diagnosed with 20% HIV. More than 37% of young population
has been suffering the major issues of HIV. Government of England is working over the issues
and problems for overcoming this issues. This data has been enlisted in epidemic statics and data
of country related to the issue.
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Non-infectious Disease: Diabetes
Diabetes can be considered as non-infectious disease. There are two diabetes types which
can be defined as one of most common disease in England. Due to resistance and secretion of
insulting in the individual's body, categorisation can be done in this type. According to the data,
there are more than 4 million people (over 10%) of entire population which is suffering from the
respected issue. This has been projected that the epidemic is considered to be increased as well
as influence more than more than 6 million people of nation. The country need to implement
required activities and programs accordingly in order to achieve the required outcome.
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Illustration 1: Epidemiology of HIV in UK, 2018

1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease
There are numerous strategies that is being utilised for controlling the issues of HIV and
diabetes disease. There are different stages of prevention that are expanded for counting illness
on various levels (Cromley and McLafferty, 2011). The approaches that is being used for proper
resolution and betterment of these illness and diseased has their own influence on communities
or society reducing the level of patients. Here are mentioned used approaches and strategies
effectiveness below:
Screening: This refer to the approach that direct to disease detection through various test,
These efforts helps in minimising progress and illness enlargers from England, Screening directs
to assigning properly resources of healthcare to the individual. Surveillance is also one of the
effective techniques to resolve the above mentioned disease. Through conducting a proper
evaluation of operating environment, this step is being undertaken. This organise the educating
activities and practices of healthcare information and practices, There are numerous approaches
that helps in controlling the working environment from disease such as pollution, infections etc.
Immunisation can be defined in terms when an individual is suffering from communicable
illness, he should be secluded from general public. This is more effective process which refer to
the provision of antigens and antibodies to prepare the body to fight from sickness. Treatment is
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Illustration 2: Epidemiology of diabetes in England, 2018

the last phase in which the person will be offered more appropriate service for controlling the
disease.
TASK 2
2.1 Current Priorities and approaches to provision of services to ill people
The presence of chronic disease or illnesses that are to corrected in order to enable and
carry out the free lifestyle disease (Dawson, 2011). The diseases emergence like cancer, HIV,
STI, obesity etc. Has threatened the individual lifestyle in England in very drastic way. Hence,
this has become extremely paramount to prioritise such illnesses as well as insure that
organisations of healthcare are enable to manage and monitor the diseases which has spread
globally.
There are major 2 types of diseases which has been identified that has been impacting the
status and level of healthcare of the nation's population. Here are mentioned some of approaches
or steps which can be employed in the prevention of diseases discussed as below: Primary prevention: It is one of the major intervention approach which includes
educational initiating and programs of public welfare in order to incur the probability or
chances. For example, chronic sickness is relieved. The healthy food intake as well as
physical practices insures that rise chances of such disease is decreased to nil. Secondary Prevention: These step undertakes the illness or disease identification by
activities or required practices detection in order to improve the individual disease which
could be limited.
 Tertiary Prevention: It is the final approaches in which implied practices or activities are
focused in illness growth blocking in the individual body (Happell, Platania‐Phung and
Scott, 2011). The person is brought or served with excessive care for preventing the
disorder from meeting at the advanced stage of disease.
2.2 Explanation of relationship between prevalence of disease and service requirements
Quality prevalence of whole past situation and illness or accidents through a certain
events time. It can be considered through eliminating the entire incurring number that is scaled in
meter of health care of country along with certain time gap by the occurred indicator people
dimension, In order to providing and supporting the services of people, this is one of paramount
as this helps in setting and designing the facilities requirements.
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Beside the event impact measurement, this is required to effectively analyse suitable
degree for measuring the disease influence among people for purpose of evaluating the wants of
achievements. Data and facts on ratio are relived for accumulating the frequency of information.
For example, if the service designing are liked to the health and public care as per the need of
public to identify the number of services which is essential for the care of patients
(Hatzenbuehler, Phelan and Link, 2013). In case of incurring of any incident, the strategy of
prevalence is beneficial in respect of care value measuring. Through the information evaluation
through the assistance of prevalence, different factors can be detected for gathering specific
attentions of consumers.
2.3 Effect of present choices of lifestyle on future needs for health and social care services
There are several trends which is leading the individual or adult of society toward the
darker and complex living pattern. These habits or behaviour of individual not only misleading
them but are affecting health of those individual. Here are mentioned some of the major issues
identified in the present era:
 The main problems faced by new generation is increasing smoking activities. This
number has been increasing each and every day that is leading to the women, children
and adult's future.
 The hike in alcohol consumption level is also one of major menace that society has bee
struggling with leading people toward migraine, anxiety and other physical harms.
 Obesity is people of United Kingdom cause of consumption of fast food and unhealthy
diet is damaging their physical and mental level.
These activities are leading to various issues like kidney failure, heart-attacks and
unprotected sex leading to STI, HIV and other issues (Rosen, 2015). The state has carried out
various schemes and online anti-smoker campaigns in order to reduce the patients related to such
issues. Also companies are also producing the cigarette with 0% nicotine in it which does not
bother the oxygen and blood functioning.
Also for reducing the consumption of alcohol, NHS has been contributing the major part
through different programs, and anti-drinking campaigns. The government has also taken the
initiative through increasing the tax amount on alcohol. Also NHS is operating different
programs and treatments like health check, pharmacies cure, self-controlling etc. that is declining
the health risk.
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TASK 3
3.1 Health and well-being priorities for individuals
Well-being can be refer as the condition in which the person feels more better and
comfortable in their surroundings, when an individual is happier, healthy and satiate within their
living environment. Well-being can be defined as physical, social, economical and
environmental etc. which is linked with their health. Different people faces different issues and
diseases that influence their choices,
My patients was suffering from the acute disorder of stress that need to be cured
environmental and social well-being. It is essential to deal with his mental trauma which has
been reasoned cause f bad earlier life experiences. For solving that issues,, this is essential for
society to support the individual (Ross and et. al., 2011). It can be rendered to social support and
emotional support through family, friends and other people who is connected with him.
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care setting
A person has to utilise the several structure strategies and activities for healthier and safe
environment as well as enlarging their habits. They can assists in reaching the following outcome
which is mentioned as below:
 This can assist in achieving more patients or clients as people linked with NHS have
become hygiene and health conscious.
 If the workplace's physical appearance is more effective, this can aid in creating more
effective positioning that help in forming their global recognition.
 It enlarge the NHS worker's credibility in regard of their organisation which can lead to
more talents and seeking skills.
Hence, the activities maintenance is essential for creating more positive organisation
behaviour, Proper system , policies and strategies activities is need to organised for encouraging
behaviour and maximise the growth of individual.
3.3 Changes that could be made to improve the health and well-being of individuals
There are numerous modification that someone need for maintaining healthier and
effective lifestyle. The major changes that is required in this changes: attribute and attitude
change. This is essential to create and implement strategies as per the targetted by groups.
Parents should educate the required information of infectious disease for preventing those illness
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which need to understand about the preventive measures as well as cures so that his will become
more convenient for them to treat their child at the period of infection. UK care home has the
compliant policy which recipients service can report a complaints in case of unsatisfied with
company. It can assist the service carer to understand about elements and amended practices in a
proper manner which helps in feeling better patients. Change is essential so the government need
to amend their policies and programs in order to create more awareness and disseminate the
information related to these in order to reduce the patients level. The whole approach can also
assists in creating a better and healthier life level of each individual of country in effective
manner.
3.4 Implemented activity to encourage behaviour change for maximizing health for individuals
In society or communities, there can be observed the increase in the illness and disease
such as HIV, STI, AIDS and many other (HIV AND AIDS IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
REGIONAL OVERVIEW. 2017). This will develop a human behaviour that can render England
and their people proper growth and health & Safety development through using effective
strategies. This can aid in creating more positive and effective working environment and
impressive worker and employer connection. Hence, entire mentioned practices can enable
health care competence in wider context. For efficient and effective social and health care, this is
required to implement basic activities within the country for increasing their health standard.
CONCLUSION
This can be ascertained from the above mentioned report that state and council of
communities are providing their best programs and activities for encountering their disease rise.
There are various strategies and principles formulated by them for tuning the condition
accordingly. There are several disease including infectious and non-infectious which England
has been facing due to lack of health awareness. WHO, NHS and other organisation are working
over these issues for reducing the problems and creating more awareness linked with the
emerging issues. There are numerous modification that someone need for maintaining healthier
and effective lifestyle.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Achan, J. and et. al., 2011. Quinine, an old anti-malarial drug in a modern world: role in the
treatment of malaria. Malaria journal. 10(1). p.144.
Barer, M. ed., 2017. Why are some people healthy and others not?. Routledge.
Berkman, L. F., Kawachi, I. and Glymour, M. M. eds., 2014. Social epidemiology. Oxford
University Press.
Braveman, P.A. and et al., 2011. Health disparities and health equity: the issue is justice.
American journal of public health. 101(S1). pp.S149-S155.
Cromley, E. K. and McLafferty, S. L., 2011. GIS and public health. Guilford Press.
Dawson, A., 2011. Public health ethics. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Happell, B., Platania‐Phung, C. and Scott, D., 2011. Placing physical activity in mental health
care: A leadership role for mental health nurses. International Journal of Mental Health
Nursing. 20(5). pp.310-318.
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C. and Link, B. G., 2013. Stigma as a fundamental cause of
population health inequalities. American journal of public health. 103(5). pp.813-821.
Rosen, G., 2015. A history of public health. JHU Press.
Ross, A. C. and et. al., 2011. The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and
vitamin D from the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. The Journal of
Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 96(1). pp.53-58.
Online
HIV AND AIDS IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA REGIONAL OVERVIEW. 2017. [Online].
Available through:<https://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-around-world/sub-saharan-
africa/overview>.
Non-communicable diseases. 2017. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/time-think-differently/trends-disease-
and-disability-non-communicable-diseases>.
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