Effects of Perceived Crowding on Job Outcomes

The provided document contains a list of research papers and articles related to human resource management, employee training, and business growth. The papers cover topics such as the effects of perceived crowding, emotional dissonance, and emotional exhaustion on job outcomes, the impact of human resource management practices on employees' turnover intention, and the application of hospitality elements in hospitals. Additionally, it includes online articles discussing the benefits of employee training and development, as well as challenges and solutions in the workplace.

RESEARCH
PROJECT

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Overview of Research...........................................................................................................1
1.2 Background of research.........................................................................................................1
1.3 Rationale of Research...........................................................................................................2
1.4 Research Aim........................................................................................................................2
1.5 Research Objectives..............................................................................................................2
1.6 Research questions................................................................................................................2
1.7 Research Approach and Methodology..................................................................................2
1.8 Chapter Preview....................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................4
2.1 Benefits of having trained personnel in organisation............................................................4
2.2 Relationship between trained employees and Qbic’s growth plan.......................................5
2.3 Effectiveness of HRM practices in order to mitigate issue of shortage of trained
employees in hotel.......................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................7
3.1 Type of investigation.............................................................................................................7
3.2 Research Philosophy.............................................................................................................7
3.3 Research Design....................................................................................................................8
3.4 Research Approach...............................................................................................................8
3.5 Data collection......................................................................................................................8
3.6 Data sampling........................................................................................................................9
3.7 Ethical consideration.............................................................................................................9
3.8 Time scale.............................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS ...............................................................................................10
CHAPTER 5: Critical Appraisal, Recommendations & Suggestions ..........................................21
CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION......................................................................................................22

REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23

Topic: Impact of shortage of trained personnel within hospitality industry.
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of Research
Training refers to organized activity that aim at imparting the information for improving
performance of individual. It is mainly design to enhance skills, efficiency, value creation and
knowledge of an individual for perform particular job in a better manner. The organisations
provide training to employees so that they performance can be improved and they can focus on
attaining particular objectives. It will help in develop the positive impact on productivity as well
as profitability of business. The shortage of training develops negative impact on business
because if knowledge and skills of a person or employee will not be properly developed then it
can not able to perform in a better manner (Baum, 2012). Organisations which do not provide
quality training to existing and new employees harm not only development of a person but also
evolution of business itself. On the other hand, shortage of trained and available staff members
can enhance direct labour cost if turnover claims maximise. It negatively impacted development
of business along with future growth.
1.2 Background of research
In this modern era, hospitality sector is more developing and it contributes in economic
development of nation. This industry is wider category of fields with in service sector that
consists event planning, cruise line, transportation, theme parks etc. Most of the business firms in
hospitality sector facing more challenges like improper management, shortage of skilled labour
etc. Among all issues, lack of the skilled staff members are considered as on of main problem
under hospitality sector. If the employee will not be skilled properly then it develop impact on
the business and reduce growth. Qbic Hotel is established in London city and it provides the
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comfortable accommodation and other services to people. It provides the training to employees
so that they can provide the better services to consumers (Bharwani and Butt, 2012). Now, hotels
are struggling to matching the skill level of employees so that they can meet with demand of
customers. In context to increase skills of employees, it is necessary for an organisation to
provide the better training for them so that they can understand their roles or responsibilities and
increase performance level. It has been observed that the sales of Qbic hotel is declining on
continuous basis due to the less training provided to employees. It impact on the decision making
and productivity of business. For gaining the attention of consumers, it is necessary to reduce
gap of the skilled labour and provide them proper training.
1.3 Rationale of Research
In United Kingdom, hospitality sector is suffering from the shortage of skilled labour that
enhance issues at workplace. Major reason behind conducting this research is to know about the
issues which develop impact on sustainability of business (Hassig and et. al., 2014). It will help
in develop the knowledge of a learner that know about the impact of lack of availability of
skilled labour on performance level of hospitality sector. It will help in improving the skills as
well as knowledge of a learner so that it can not face any issue in conducting its business and
problem related to shortage of trained personnel.
1.4 Research Aim
The aim of this research is “To identify impact of shortage of trained personnel within
hospitality industry: A study on Qbic hotel”
1.5 Research Objectives
The objectives are mention below:
 To understand benefits of having trained personnel in organisation.
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 To explain relationship between trained employees and Qbic’s growth plan.
 To analyse the effectiveness of HRM practices in order to mitigate issue of shortage of
trained employees in hotel.
1.6 Research questions
 What are the benefits of having trained personnel in organisation?
 How trained employees and Qbic’s growth plan are interrelated?
 How HRM practices can be effective in order to resolve issue of employees in
hospitality industry?
1.7 Research Approach and Methodology
It is one of most necessary research part and it gives proper vision to an investigator for
using the most effective methodology as it support literature in a proper manner. Research
methods are of two different types qualitative and quantitative (Jani and Han, 2014). This present
report is based on qualitative research because it provide the theoretical information about the
specific area. On the other hand, researcher use inductive approach because it will help in
support literature through conducting the detailed analysis on particular study area.
1.8 Chapter Preview
This research part is more effective in preview chapters that gives significant base in
order to overcome from research problems. Preview of chapters are mention below:
Introduction- It is primary step in research as it provides the detailed specification of
project. Under this, aims and objectives are mentioned properly that help in provide the support
to whole work.
3

Literature review- It is also a necessary part as it provides the detailed information
about the topic by analysing the opinions as well as view points of different writers and authors
(Karatepe and Choubtarash, 2014).
Research methodology- This part of research is helpful in determine, collect and analyse
the information in a proper manner. Research approaches, philosophies, data collections methods
are used in this section.
Data analysis- It is used for analysing the collected information and data in order to
know about its effectiveness. For analysis data, researcher use the thematic analysis in this.
Recommendations and suggestions- In this part of research, investigator provide the
recommendations and suggestions in order to overcome from issues related to specific research
area.
Conclusion- It is a last part in research and it is based on the whole investigation.
According to set aims and objectives, conclusion will be drawn.
4

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature review refers to scholarly paper that consists current knowledge including the
methodological and theoretical contributions to specific topic. It is explicit and systematic
method for determining and evaluating exist completed body and also recorded the work
produced through an investigator. Under this, secondary data will be used and it is based on the
opinions and view points of different authors and writers.
2.1 Benefits of having trained personnel in organisation
In an organisation, human resource department is responsible in hiring as well as provide
training to employees so that they can able to perform in an effective or better manner. Training
is related with developing specific skill to desired standard through practice and instruction. It is
an act of enhancing skill and knowledge of a person for performing specific job role. According
to opinion of Jack (2012), Training is essential to keep staff updated with latest technologies and
trends which are required to survive in competitive environment. If employee will be properly
trained and have proper knowledge in specific area then it will provide benefits to company. In
addition to this, it is necessary for Qbic hotel to provide the training to new as well as existing
employees in limited time period so that they can perform in a better manner and also able to
attain target. Mostly employee training is provided through professional in any specific area or
industry. It is essential through through each staff members at work and various work stages. It is
important to make improvement in quality world across various levels at workplace.
There are some benefits of having the trained personnel in company mention below:
Enhance employee morale- Most of the staff members retain satisfied in job for time
period and then look towards development opportunities. Training is helpful in enhancing the
morale of staff members and they will perform in a better manner. It is helpful for staff members
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to remain positive and also contribute to vision of firm. It will helpful in provide the strong
employee engagement.
Productivity- Better training makes the process of firm better. On the basis of opinion of
Patricia Lotich (2019), Trained employees can perform the tasks in a quick manner and they can
able to make improvement in their work. If the staff members will be trained then chances of
errors will be reduced and they can able to perform tasks and attained with in given period of
time. It develops the positive impact on productivity or growth of business.
Safety- For Qbic hotel, safety of employees is main priority. Staff members which have
lack of skills and knowledge have meet with an accident at workplace. Training is helpful in
eliminate this cause and provide the safe environment. If the employees will untrained or will not
aware about the operating technology, machineries etc. then accidents will be happen. So, it is a
responsibility of human resource manager in Qbic to provide the proper training to employees
and give them proper guidance about the new equipments, technologies and machineries.
Less supervision- If staff members are provided the proper training then responsibility of
the supervision is minimized. Training does not remove supervision need but it also minimize
requirement for constant and detailed supervision.
2.2 Relationship between trained employees and Qbic’s growth plan
According to opinion of Nikos Andriotis (2017) it has been stated that there is a
significant relationship among the trained workers as well as development of business. If Qbic
hotel have talented people with proper knowledge of market and consumer demand then they can
able to provide the better services to guests on the basis of their needs. It will help in increase
satisfaction level of consumers and they will visit frequently to hotel. With the help of this, sales
of Qbic hotel with be enhanced and can gain the competitive benefits in hospitality industry. On
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the other hand, training is helpful in provide the strength to skills which employee require to be
improve. It will help in minimize the weak links with in firm which depend on the others in order
to compete the basic wok or activities.
Training is helpful in enhancing the satisfaction level of employees that minimize chance
of leaving firm. If employee will be trained that it cost of employee turnover will be reduced.
Having the trained employees at workplace impact on growth of business because if Qbic hotel
will have the talented and trained employees then company can able to develop a plan for
business expansion. The talented staff members will able to support decision making of firm and
also will be contribute in a proper manner.
2.3 Effectiveness of HRM practices in order to mitigate issue of shortage of trained employees in
hotel
According to view point of Nikos Andriotis (2018) it has been stated that human resource
management is related with planning, organising, staffing, directing and also controlling the
personnel functions. It is planned approach for managing the people for performance in an
effective manner. Its main aim to develop open, caring and flexible management styles so that
the employees can be motivated and manage the work in a better manner. The HRM practices
develop positive impact on innovation of business, better job performance, execution of business
strategies etc. These are helpful in minimize issues of shortage of the trained employees in Qbic
hotel. There are some different HRM practices with their effectiveness mention below to
mitigate issue of shortage of trained employees in Qbic hotel:
Recruitment and selection- These both are planned for determination of the potential
applicants for future and current jobs and make the better choices. Recruitment is procedure of
attracting the people on timely basis with high qualification. It is a responsibility of human
7

resource manager to hire the well qualified and talented candidates which can perform the job in
an effective manner.
Training and development- In this present time period, each business firm needs staff to
be more skills in order to performing the tasks or activities in an effective manner. Better
organized training and development is necessary in enhancing the job performance, maximising
employee productivity, minimizing cost of work quality etc. The main aim of training and
development is to make improvement in capability of employees along with performance of
Qbic hotel. It is helpful in reduce the shortage of trained employees to enhance their
productivity.
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology refers to specific techniques and procedure that is used to
determine, choose, process and also analyse the information about topic. It evaluates the
reliability as well as validity of overall research area. It is mainly used to gather the data and
information for purpose of making the better business decisions (Karatepe, 2013).
3.1 Type of investigation
Research methods are processes, techniques and strategies which use in gathering data
for analysis in context to uncover the new information or develop better understanding about
topic. Qualitative and quantitative are two different kinds of research.
Qualitative research method- It is dealing with phenomena that is impossible or complex
to quantify in a mathematical manner. Under this, data is measured in terms of quality or
theoretical manner so it it can be easy in understanding (Wu, Robson and Hollis, 2013).
Quantitative research method- It is systematic investigation of any phenomena through
mathematical, computational and statistical techniques. The main aim of this method is to
develop the better mathematical models that pertaining phenomena.
This present report is based on the qualitative research method because it provides in-
depth understanding about the specific research area.
3.2 Research Philosophy
It refers to belief about way which data and information collected,analysed and then used.
It is important for an investigator to choose suitable or effective philosophy so that it can provide
the better conclusion (Kasim and et. al., 2014). Interpretivism and positivism are two different
types of research philosophies.
9

Interpretivism- Under this, investigator adopt the qualitative means in order to
accumulate data and conduct proper analysis.
Positivism- It is suitable for research work where the mathematical as well as scientific
models are to be adopted for the purpose of information analysis and collection of data.
This research is based on the interpretivism research philosophy because under this
investigator is able to conduct the proper analysis of data.
3.3 Research Design
It refers to set of process and methods which are mainly used in gathering as well as
analysing measures of variables which specified in research problem (Wang, Chen and Chen,
2012). There are three different kinds of research design.
Descriptive design- It provides accurate information of characteristics of specific
situation, people or group. It helps in provide the detailed information.
Exploratory design- This kind of research design is conducted for issue that has not been
defined in a clear manner, it is helpful in identify effective research design, selection of the
subjects and methods of data collection.
Experimental design- It is a systematic research for objective of controlling as well as
anticipate phenomena and also examining the probability between chosen variables.
Among all research design, descriptive research design is more effective because it is
helpful in give the detailed and theoretical information regarding particular research area.
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3.4 Research Approach
It refers to procedure and plan that included the wider assumptions to the detailed data
collection methods, analysis and also interpretation. Various kinds of research approaches
mention below:
Inductive approach- It is based on observing the existing figures and facts. According to
observation, proper pattern will be developed (Leong, 2012). It assess in providing the existing
theory by developing tentative hypothesis.
Deductive approach- Under this, new theory is proved and developed by creation of the
hypothesis. Conclusion will be confirmed by proper observing the facts and figures.
It is based on the inductive research approach because it is based on the qualitative
research approach and helpful in understanding the specific research area in a proper manner
(Tanaka, 2012).
3.5 Data collection
It is a process of collecting as well as measuring the information on variables in a proper
manner. It helps in provide the relevant answers of research questions and also evaluate the
outcomes. There are two different types of data collection methods:
Primary method- Under this, data is collected for the first time with out using the
previous data it is original and specific to research issues under study. The different sources of
collecting the primary data or information are questionnaire, surveys, observation etc. This
method of data collection is mainly used in developing questionnaire.
Secondary method- Under this, data is collected already and also analysed through some
other person. The data and information is available already on different sources (Long, Perumal
11

and Ajagbe, 2012). The sources for collecting the secondary information are books, journals,
internet sources, articles etc. It is used in conducting literature review part.
3.6 Data sampling
It refers to statistical analysis techniques that is mainly used to chose to analyse subset of
data in order to determine patterns in larger data that is being examined. The data sampling are of
two different types probability and non probability. Under this research, random data sampling
has been used in probability sampling techniques. This method provide equal chance to
population of being chosen. Through using this method, 20 respondents are selected through
researcher and these are the management and human resource of Qbic hotel.
3.7 Ethical consideration
It is regarded as most necessary part in conducting investigation in an effective way. It is
necessary that researcher should be focus towards performing the work by following the ethical
considerations (Pereira-Molinerand et. al., 2012). It is a responsibility of an investigator to keep
information of respondents confidential and the topic of research should not be sensitive.
3.8 Time scale
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13

CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS
It refers to process of inspecting, transforming and then modeling data with an aim of
searching the useful information,informing the conclusion and also supporting decision making.
Under this, investigator developed a questionnaire related to the specific subject area. For
analysis of collected data, researcher use thematic analysis.
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Age:
Gender:
Contact No:
Address:
Q1) As per your point of view, what is the impact of shortage of trained personnel within
hospitality industry?
a) Enhance cost of employee turnover
b) Reduce productivity
c) Increase absenteeism
Q2) Is training and development beneficial for growth of business?
a) Yes
b) No
Q3) In what manner, shortage of trained personnel develop impact on Qbic hotel?
a) Positive
b) Negative
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Q4) What are the benefits of training to employees in hospitality sector?
a) Increase employee morale
b) Maximise productivity
c) Retain employees
Q5) What are the different methods of training Qbic hotel can use in provide training to
employees?
a) On the job method
b) Off the job method
Q6) Does training helps in enhance motivation level of employees?
a) Yes
b) No
Q7) Does unstrained staff enhance dissatisfaction level of customers with in organisation?
a) Yes
b) No
Q8) What are different ways by which company can easily overcome from shortage of
trained staff?
a) Monitoring performance regularly
b) Involvement in employee engagement activities
c) Better communication
Q9) Does shortage of trained staff will negatively impact on morale of other employees in
hospitality industry?
a) Yes
b) No
15

Q10) Recommend some ways through which company can trained employees and gain
competitive benefits in hospitality sector.
Theme 1: Impact of shortage of trained personnel within hospitality industry
Q1) As per your point of view, what is the
impact of shortage of trained personnel
within hospitality industry?
Frequency
Enhance cost of employee turnover 8
Reduce productivity 5
Increase absenteeism 7
Interpretation: From the above mention graph, it has stated that shortage of trained employees
develop negative impact on business. There are 8 respondents which said that if employees will
16
Enhance cost of employee turnover
Reduce productivity
Increase absenteeism
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
5
7
Column B

be untrained then it will increase employee turn over cost. On the other hand, there are 5
respondents which are said that through shortage of trained employees, productivity of business
will be reduced. 7 respondents are with enhance absenteeism.
Theme 2: Training and development beneficial for growth of business
Q2) Is training and development beneficial
for growth of business?
Frequency
Yes 18
No 2
Interpretation: There are 18 respondents ad they said that training and development both are
beneficial for business growth because it enhance skills of employees. On the other hand, 2
respondents said that there is a negative impact of training of growth on business.
17
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
18
2
Column B

Theme 3: Shortage of trained personnel develop impact on Qbic hotel
Q3) In what manner, shortage of trained
personnel develop impact on Qbic hotel?
Frequency
Positive 6
Negative 14
Interpretation: 14 respondents said that trained personnel develop the positive impact on Qbic
hotel. On the other hand, there are 14 respondents which said that untrained employees develop
negative impact on business because if skills of employees will not be developed then it will
developed negative impact on business.
Theme 4: Benefits of training to employees in hospitality sector
Q4) What are the benefits of training to
employees in hospitality sector?
Frequency
18
Positive Negative
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
6
14
Column C

Increase employee morale 2
Maximise productivity 4
Retain employees 14
Interpretation: According to 2 respondents which said that training is helpful in enhance the
morale of staff members so that they can perform in a better manner. From training, skills and
knowledge of an employee will be enhanced properly and it will able to perform in a positive
manner. So, through this, employee will be motivated. There are 4 respondents which said if
employee will be trained in proper manner and they gave good skills then productivity of firm
will be enhanced. 14 respondents are said that training helps in retain staff members for long
period of time at workplace. With the help of this, they will be motivated and will be retain in
company for long period of time.
Theme 5: Different methods of training Qbic hotel can use
Q5) What are the different methods of Frequency
19
Increase employee morale
Maximise productivity
Retain employees
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2
4
14
Column B

training Qbic hotel can use in provide
training to employees?
On the job method 11
Off the job method 9
20

Interpretation: On the job and off the job are two different kinds of training methods. There are
11 respondents which said that on the job method is more effective because in this internal
person will provide training. On the other hand, 9 respondents are agree with off the job training
method because under this, Qbic hotel will hire external person to provide training.
Theme 6: Training helps in enhance motivation level of employees
Q6) Does training helps in enhance
motivation level of employees?
Frequency
Yes 17
No 3
21
On the job method Off the job method
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 11
9
Column B

Interpretation: There are 17 respondents which said that training aid in increase motivation of
employees by enhancing their skill. On the other hand , there are 3 respondents which are not
agree with this given statement.
Theme 7: Untrained staff enhance dissatisfaction level of customers
Q7) Does untrained staff enhance
dissatisfaction level of customers with in
organisation?
Frequency
Yes 16
No 4
22
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 17
3
Column B

Interpretation: 16 respondents said that untrained staff increase the dissatisfaction level of
consumers because if employee will not be trained then it can not able to provide the better
customer services. 4 respondents are not agree with this statement.
Theme 8: Different ways by which company can easily overcome from shortage of trained
staff
Q8) What are different ways by which
company can easily overcome from shortage
of trained staff?
Frequency
Involvement in employee engagement
activities
8
Better communication 3
Monitoring performance regularly 11
23
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
16
4
Column B

Interpretation: According to 8 respondents, if manager will include the employees in
engagement activities then Qbic hotel can overcome from the shortage of trained employees.
There are 3 respondents which said that positive communication is also helpful in increasing
morale of employees. 11 respondents are agree with monitoring performance of employees on
continuous basis.
Theme 9: Shortage of trained staff will negatively impact on morale of other employees
Q9) Does shortage of trained staff will
negatively impact on morale of other
employees in hospitality industry?
Frequency
Yes 15
No 5
24
Involvement in employee engagement activities
Better communication
Monitoring performance regularly
0
2
4
6
8
10
12 8
3
11
Column B

Interpretation: There are 15 respondents which said that shortage of the trained employees will
reduce the morale of the other staff members in hospitality sector. 5 respondents are not agree
with this.
25
Yes No
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16 15
5
Column B

CHAPTER 5: Critical Appraisal, Recommendations & Suggestions
This present research report is based on the impact of shortage of skilled or talented
employees at the workplace. From the above discussion, it has been considered that if the staff
members will not be trained then in this case it will increase employee turnover cost, enhance
absenteeism and minimize the productivity. The training and development provide positive
impact on development of Qbic hotel because it helps in enhance the skills as well as knowledge
of an employee in an effective or significant manner. It is a responsibility of human resource
manager to choose an appropriate or effective method of training that will be helpful for an
employees. On the other hand, training is helpful in increase motivational level of staff members
and through this they will retain at workplace for long period of time. For the other people or
employees, untrained staff members maximise the dissatisfaction level of consumers. If
employees will not be trained in proper manner then they can not able to provide the better
services of consumers and it will develop negative impact on business. In order to overcome
from the issue related top shortage of trained employees company use different ways for an
instance monitoring the performance of employees on regular basis,, increasing communication,
involvement of the employees in engagement activities and many others.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 It has been recommended that HR manager of Qbic hotel should provide the training to
employees with in limited period of time so that their performance level can be improved.
 It is necessary that manager should provide the proper guidelines and training to
employees so that chances of accidents will be reduced at workplace.
 HR manager should involve the employees in the process of decision making in order to
enhance their motivation level.
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CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from above mention report that untrained employees develop the
negative impact on business. Training is one of the most necessary function of human resource
management and it develop positive impact on business through enhancing or improving the
skills of staff members. With the help of using the secondary sources, literature review part has
been conducted in this research. Under this, opinions and view points of different authors or
writes have been considered. In the part of research methodology, qualitative method has been
used because it provides the theoretical information. On the other hand, the primary method and
secondary both are used in collecting information regarding specific research area. The collected
data has been analysed by using the thematic analysis.
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Online
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