Multicriteria Evaluation for Project Management

The assignment content discusses various aspects of project management, including organizational structures, legislations, key project parameters, critical paths, and alignment with organizational plans. The content highlights the importance of considering economic and financial factors, decision theory, and weight factors in evaluating criteria. Additionally, it emphasizes the significance of Gantt charts, smart planning, and quality control in ensuring the success of projects.

Project management
Implementing a new IT system in the organization
student
[company name]

Table of Contents
Assessment Task 1.......................................................................................................................................2
Part A.......................................................................................................................................................2
Background..........................................................................................................................................2
Purpose................................................................................................................................................3
Objectives............................................................................................................................................3
Project Description..............................................................................................................................3
Project Duration..................................................................................................................................4
Obstacles and Risks.............................................................................................................................5
Perceived cost and benefit analysis.....................................................................................................6
Required resources and record keeping systems................................................................................6
Required resources..................................................................................................................................6
Part B.......................................................................................................................................................7
Project Details.....................................................................................................................................7
Executive Summary.............................................................................................................................8
Purpose................................................................................................................................................8
Objectives............................................................................................................................................9
Project Scope.......................................................................................................................................9
Key Stakeholders and Responsibilities...............................................................................................10
Project Team Strategy.......................................................................................................................11
Deliverables.......................................................................................................................................11
Task Breakdown Structure.................................................................................................................12
Project Budget...................................................................................................................................13
Perceived Risks and Constraints........................................................................................................15
Constraints........................................................................................................................................16
Resources and allocation...................................................................................................................17
Project Schedule................................................................................................................................17
Project Sign-offs and Approval..........................................................................................................17
Project Evaluation Tools....................................................................................................................18
Gantt chart.........................................................................................................................................18
Assessment Task 2.....................................................................................................................................20
Answer 1................................................................................................................................................20
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Answer 2................................................................................................................................................21
Answer 3................................................................................................................................................21
Answer 4................................................................................................................................................22
Answer 5................................................................................................................................................22
2

Assessment Task 1
Part A
The project that has been selected is “Implementing a new IT system in the organization”. The
organization that has been selected is a restaurant in US.
Background
There are lots of restaurants available into US, which all are undertaken into Department of health.
Where the department inspect all of the restaurants for food safety purpose as a following by federal
rules.
In the United States population are varied in different by race and culture, they all are having their
own different taste and different choices as on their race and culture. In the state of New Jersey, all the
different race available which is my Place for restaurant in the Jersey City. We provide E-Restaurant
service to the customers where they click and order their entire dinner or dinner plan, and we can
make their dinner special as they dream to special dinner by providing dinner at their own place, their
own menu choice and their own favorite decoration for dinner. As the Restaurant business is not easy
and having toughest competition into the market we must have to provide best unique service to our
customers( Kerzner, 2013).
We will having internet website where our customers click and pay their orders, we are having
limited staff, area covered and limited orders per day so we can provide best facility as well as
food, there are number of restaurants available into the market who are provide either best
facility or food, but we want to lead both of them. We also include external service as a security
on place for some unknown places like beach dinner where we provide security credential to
them with some extra charges.
 There are important key points as listed below:-
 Maintaining the appropriate stock
 Scheduling the right staff
 Enforcing the Rules and regulations
 Interacting with customers
 Develop trust and credibility
 Share the vision and absolute clarity with colleagues
 Make the perfect decisions
All of them setup very high cost but by management we can make it better plan to decrease the
cost and run it smoothly, where we get order and payment first then we starting implement to
that order, we are provide limited orders per day as we need materials up to 5 sets for 5 orders
and then we can make it best dinner. Our financing is mainly around investing 15000USD which
include all the cost of dine table to decoration materials, whereas for website we planning other
3

tool for development. Our future goal may be by cover more areas and with more employees we
can provide more number of orders per day.
Purpose
The purpose of the Unique E-restaurant is to provide unique service to the clients, where it
provides E-ordering for securing their dinner at our Place or client own place, which is home,
office, or any beautiful place where they want. It is not only provide that service but also provide
some extra service with it.
The project main purpose is to provide service which are:-
 Deliver E-order dinner booking
 Offer complete service through just one click
 Extraordinary dinner service at client’s Place
 Security and arrangements at any different Place dinner
 Creational or innovative decoration of dinner
 Delicious food and beverages with their own choice
 Limited order per day
 Offer Special demand with order
Objectives
Overall objectives of the project includes various things:
 To provide a customer centric service. They can enjoy their food of choice.
 Providing customers with an option to choose location of their choice from the available
set of locations. It is a going to be the USP for our E-Restaurant model.
 By Moving to E-Restaurant Model, our target is to see at least 20-25% increase in the
revenue.
 To establish ourself as a known brand in the Jersey region. Target of management is to
expand it to different locations after 12 months’ time.
Project Scope
Scope Description gives an overview of the project scope so that project can be completed in the
given budget with the given resources.
Functionality Description
Food Customization Order
Interface
In this functionality an interface should be created with all the
food options listed on it. One can customize
Location Reservation and
Ambiance Customization
Interface
It is an interface that provides the details about the location of
and the corresponding ambiance. It will generate the best
possible options based on theme (Ward,2016).
Web portal for security It includes an interface to add security as a top up to the food
4

personnel booking and location reservation.
Customer Support System It includes feedback form, user registration and online chat
support for answering queries
Payment Gateway Integration Integrating the payment gateway from the third party for
receiving payments on rebooking
Project Duration
5

Obstacles and Risks
Risk Category Risk Risk Mitigation
Communicatio
n
Disengagement of stakeholders Arrange timely meetings and adhoc
meetings if required
Feasibility Inappropriate analysis of the
project feasibility leading to the
failure
Take assistance from the team members to
do their sanity checks. List all the doubts
about the project feasibility.
Approvals and
Red Tape
Delay in the project go live Project Manager should be actively
involved and so are the stakeholders for
sign-offs and meetings.
Design Poor User Interface leading to User involvement and competitor website
6

less conversion rate online evaluation before design phase.
Server Issues Poor Server that goes down
quite often and slow response
time
Put website in testing mode to monitor
server response. Utilize server monitoring
tool like Kingdom, Google Analyzer etc.
Integration Integration of Security
Interface, Payment Gateway
and Administration interface
It can be ruled away by deciding on the
requirements towards the external agents
External Risk Disengagement of security
personnel providers
Sign a contract initially with the different
firms who signs up for the project
Technical Poor performance due to bad
code quality
Code reviews, Code performance
monitoring
Perceived cost and benefit analysis
Benefits:
1. Efficient order management ability to manage and processing order
2. Ability to assign order to team manager and his team for managing the order
3. Ability to collect supporting information, documents and manage process
requirements
4. Capturing external contacts and activities related to order and his management
5. Efficient email contacting and making some suggestions for orders
6. Effectively order goals, targets for processing the orders
7. Reduce time for creating the order and implement it immediately through online order
8. Enhance teamwork and flexible working for employees
9. Find out the new creativity for dinner and make client’s happy and satisfied
10. Cost management with maximum use of resources and saving the time
11. Easy external service with external contacts and making order secure
Cost:
Working as per the project Management Triangle, It is important to keep a balance among the
three parameters. Cost Monitoring is important as it is a business decision and team has to work
within the budget (Alhawari,2012). There will be a check on the cost throughout the project and it
is the responsibility of the Project manager and business analyst to take care of it. In case any
resource is needed or removed from the project, additional approvals for the budget will be
needed.
Required resources and record keeping systems
Mentioned below are the detail on the required resources and the record keeping systems:
1. Hardware include laptops for the developers
2. Website needs server and web domain.
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3. Web server should be dedicated for the company, hence a personal IP and dedicated
server is needed.
4. Procuring software needed for development including MySQL.
5. The record keeping system will be automated system within the new implemented
system.
Part B
Project Details
My project is to provide E-Restaurant service with special services where it includes restaurant
services like food, facility and other external services afflicted to the restaurant, there are number
of e-food service providers are available into the market which they provide food at home but
there is none service provider for providing the food with some extra ordinary facilities.
We are the only restaurant who provide special dinner facility, anyone can reach us through our
website as well as our Place and book their order, we have policy for full advance payment
because we have to implement it properly, our cancellation policy are rigid, because we are
providing limited number of orders per day to our clients.
Our concept is different and unique which is never seem in to the market till it is having varied
scope, all because now a days everyone needs their own creational unique dinner with some
privacy, if we provide it with their Place then it would be great to them.
Cuisine is very important when they are talking about foods and we always try to reach it
through their dreamed cuisine, we provide number of cuisine which includes most of all the
famous dishes and beverages.
Target market is high and mid-high income people, not all customers going to small restaurant
can able to enjoy it all because of it is luxurious dinner.
Atmosphere is important when we talk about Place, but the Place is depend that, almost all
customers choose silent peaceful and romantic dinner place where we don’t mind whatever they
want to select, we meant to provide best facility at any Place.
For implementation we need time, which around takes 3 months for implement it. There are
number of parts we need to implement which is Create a unique website, detailed information
about menu, necessary procurement, rules and policies, contracts with external security
company, creative plans, hiring of best suitable staff.
Our business drivers are also implement our project successful,
“Value drivers” distinguish successful companies from their competitors.
We are providing the best restaurant service with ultimate cuisine experience with delicious
food, as for any restaurant food and positive dining experience would be the business driver for
making it successful in to the market. Our key value drivers are Place, menu, quality of food and
our unique staff.
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Executive Summary
There are lots of restaurants available into US, which all are undertaken into Department of health.
Where the department inspect all of the restaurants for food safety purpose as a following by federal
rules.
In the United States population are varied in different by race and culture, they all are having their
own different taste and different choices as on their race and culture. In the state of New Jersey, all the
different race available which is my Place for restaurant in the Jersey City. We provide E-Restaurant
service to the customers where they click and order their entire dinner or dinner plan, and we can
make their dinner special as they dream to special dinner by providing dinner at their own place, their
own menu choice and their own favorite decoration for dinner. As the Restaurant business is not easy
and having toughest competition into the market we must have to provide best unique service to our
customers.
We will having internet website where our customers click and pay their orders, we are having
limited staff, area covered and limited orders per day so we can provide best facility as well as
food, there are number of restaurants available into the market who are provide either best
facility or food, but we want to lead both of them. We also include external service as a security
on place for some unknown places like beach dinner where we provide security credential to
them with some extra charges.
 There are important key points as listed below:-
 Maintaining the appropriate stock
 Scheduling the right staff
 Enforcing the Rules and regulations
 Interacting with customers
 Develop trust and credibility
 Share the vision and absolute clarity with colleagues
 Make the perfect decisions
All of them setup very high cost but by management we can make it better plan to decrease the
cost and run it smoothly, where we get order and payment first then we starting implement to
that order, we are provide limited orders per day as we need materials up to 5 sets for 5 orders
and then we can make it best dinner. Our financing is mainly around investing 15000USD which
include all the cost of dine table to decoration materials, whereas for website we planning other
tool for development. Our future goal may be by cover more areas and with more employees we
can provide more number of orders per day.
Purpose
The purpose of the Unique E-restaurant is to provide unique service to the clients, where it
provides E-ordering for securing their dinner at our Place or client own place, which is home,
9

office, or any beautiful place where they want. It is not only provide that service but also provide
some extra service with it.
The project main purpose is to provide service which are:-
 Deliver E-order dinner booking
 Offer complete service through just one click
 Extraordinary dinner service at client’s Place
 Security and arrangements at any different Place dinner
 Creational or innovative decoration of dinner
 Delicious food and beverages with their own choice
 Limited order per day
 Offer Special demand with order
Objectives
Overall objectives of the project include various things:
 To provide a customer centric service. They can enjoy their food of choice.
 Providing customers with an option to choose location of their choice from the available
set of locations. It is a going to be the USP for our E-Restaurant model.
 By Moving to E-Restaurant Model, our target is to see at least 20-25% increase in the
revenue.
 To establish ourself as a known brand in the Jersey region. Target of management is to
expand it to different locations after 12 months’ time.
Project Scope
Scope Description gives an overview of the project scope so that project can be completed in the
given budget with the given resources.
Functionality Description
Food Customization Order
Interface
In this functionality an interface should be created with all the
food options listed on it. One can customize
Location Reservation and
Ambiance Customization
Interface
It is an interface that provides the details about the location of
and the corresponding ambiance. It will generate the best
possible options based on theme.
Web portal for security
personnel booking
It includes an interface to add security as a top up to the food
and location reservation.
Customer Support System It includes feedback form, user registration and online chat
support for answering queries
Payment Gateway Integration Integrating the payment gateway from the third party for
receiving payments on rebooking
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Key Stakeholders and Responsibilities
Name Organization Role/Position Contact Information
David
Anderson
Unique
Restaurant
Sponsor [e-mail]
Marcus Fella ABC Consulting Project Manager [e-mail]
Todd
Anderson
ABC Consulting Business Analyst [e-mail]
Glenn ABC Consulting Designer [e-mail]
Brandon ABC Consulting Developer [e-mail]
John ABC Consulting Tester [e-mail]
Martin Shey ABC Consulting Network Analyst [e-mail]
Name Organization Role/Position Responsibilities
David
Anderson
Unique
Restaurant
Sponsor Approvals related to cost and scope. Business
requirements and risk prioritization
management.
Marcus Fella ABC
Consulting
Project Manager Resource utilization, cost, management,
Feasibility Evaluation
Todd
Anderson
ABC
Consulting
Business Analyst Requirement management, Scope management,
Communication with the stakeholders.
Glenn ABC
Consulting
Designer Website and component layout design
Brandon ABC
Consulting
Developer Component development
John ABC
Consulting
Tester Testing components for bugs and other issues.
It also includes stress testing, performance
testing etc.
Martin Shey ABC
Consulting
Network Analyst Deployment of website and other web related
issues with the server and domain.
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Project Team Strategy
Name Power /
Interest
Current Engagement Project Team Strategy
David
Anderson
Approvals Sponsor Frequent meeting with the Project Manager and
team to check the progress and additional
requirements if any.
Marcus Fella Resource
handling,
power to
change cost,
time and
schedule
Project Manager Communicating changes and strategy to the
team. Working in close proximity with the
Business Analyst to ensure that everything
works smoothly (Tran,2013).
Todd
Anderson
Assignment
and
prioritization
of tasks
Business Analyst Keeping PM, Stakeholders on the same page by
communicating important information
Glenn Website
design
decisions as
per expertise
Designer Following up with the developer and BA to
ensure that design is aligned with the
requirements.
Deliverables
This project is intended to serve customers at different locations. Any user should be able to make a
booking for a particular location, customize food menu, chose a theme for the ambiance and hire a
security personnel. These all features are provided by the website and included in deliverables.
Apart from the IT deliverables, project has some documents related to the Project Management aspect.
It includes change management, risk corrective document and the initial project approvals and
charters.
Deliverables Date Available
Project Charter March 5th
User requirement document March 15th
Website design document March 25th
Static Website Design and implementation (HTML, CSS Part) April 20th
User Login feature April 30th
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Deliverables Date Available
Food Customization interface May 5th
Ambiance customization interface May 5th
Security personnel hiring feature May 8th
Testing Document May 15th
Payment gateway integration May 25th
Online Chat support tool June 5th
Risk Management Document June 22th
Change Management Document June 24th
Task Breakdown Structure
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4
E-
Restaurant
System
1.1 Project
Initiation and
Budgeting
Phase
1.1.1 Project Feasibility Study
1.1.2 Evaluation of Business needs
and objectives
1.1.3 Project Charter
1.1.1.1 Requirement analysis
and scope analysis
1.1.3.1 Define Roles
1.1.3.2 High level Budget
1.1.3.3 High level Control
Strategies
1.1.3.4 Project Charter Review
1.1.3.5 Project Charter
Approvals
1.2
Development
of Project Plan
1.2.1 Work Plan Document
1.2.2 Control Plan
1.2.3 Project Plan Finalization
1.2.1.1 WBS Creation
1.2.1.2 Project Staffing
1.2.1.3 Project Budgeting
1.2.1.4 Project Schedule
1.2.2.1 Communication Plan
1.2.2.2 Project Quality
Management
1.2.3.1 Plan Review
1.2.3.2 Plan approvals
1.3 Execution
and Control
1.3.1 Design Website Framework
supporting business and IT
1.3.2 Create website
1.3.3 Testing the components
1.3.4 Finalize the components
1.3.1.1 Outline Development
process
1.3.2.1 Build the website
prototype
1.3.2.2 Build Front end of e-
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restaurant
1.3.2.3 User Registration, login
and backend database setup
1.3.2.4 Food Customization
interface
1.3.2.5 Ambiance selection
interface
1.3.2.6 Payment Gateway
implementation
1.3.2.7 Implementing Live chat
feature
1.3.3.1 Unit Testing
1.3.3.2 Functional Testing
1.3.3.3 Integration Testing for
the E-Restaurant website
1.4.1.1 Users and stakeholders
feedback
1.4.1.2 Match with the initial
requirement document
1.4 Project
Documentatio
n
1.4.1 Testing Document
1.4.2 Risk Mitigation Document
1.4.3 Change Management
Document
1.4.4.1 Test results collection
1.4.4.2 Adverse effect on the
project due to more traffic etc.
1.4.3.1 CR description
1.4.3.2 CR process
documentation
1.5 Closure
Phase
1.5.1 Taking Approvals and Signoff 1.5.1.1 Stakeholder Meetings
1.5.1.2 Project sign-off
Project Budget
E-Restaurant Website has various aspects. It includes online payment, online reservation for a
location and selecting online ambiance as well. To diversify the project that can get us better
profit making opportunities, we can tie-up with different brands who deals in the consumer
product market itself. However, it will only be possible after website gains enough popularity
with high number of visitors on the website.
Benefit Analysis is done for the Month of July to December for the year 2015 only. Benefit
analysis for 2016 is totally dependent on the number of visitors and restaurant standing at the end
of first year. Hence, it is difficult to predict the profits for the second year and so on.
There are few assumptions made for the overall project that starts in the month of March and will
be completed by the end of June. Assumptions are given below:
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1. Assumption is made regarding the compensation for the resources. We are hiring
developers and network specialist on the number of hour basis rather than monthly salary.
2. Team will work on the project in the close proximity with the restaurant owner, hence no
rent payment is required.
3. Hardware cost and Software cost is taken as standard. Cost for the tools like, Office tools
and other supporting software is not taken into account. Our assumption is that
developers and network analyst will have the required tools and software’s for the
website development (Alotaibi,2016).
4. Company will invest in hardware and software later after the development is completed
as there will be a network analyst and developer working for the company to enhance and
maintain the website.
5. Virtual Customer increase on the social media is counted as an intangible benefit,
however we are considering that it will at least boost the business sales by 20% approx.
per month. It is used to arrive at the figure of $2000 increase every month.
March-April May-June July-December 2015
Benefit
Increased Sales $2000 / month x 6
months = $12000
Profits from the other
alliances
$50/ month x 20
clients x 6 months =
$6000
Premium membership
registration charges
100 customers x $50
per customer x 6
months = $30000
Total Benefits $48,000
Cost
Requirement gathering
and project planning
( Includes survey,
consultant expense)
10 days x 8 hr x $20/hr
= $1600
Resources Expense: Developer
30 days x 8 hr x $30/hr
= $7200
Designer
10 days x 8 hr x $30/hr
= $2400
Developer
10 days x 8 hr x
$30/hr = $2400
Project Manager
10 days x 5 x
Developer
$1500/ Month x 6 =
$9000
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Project Manager
20 days x 5 hr x $50/hr
= $5000
Tester
10 days x 8 hr x $20/hr
= $1600
$50/hr = $2500
Tester
15 days x 8 hr x
$20/hr = $2400
Network Analyst
10 days x 5 hr x
$25/hr = $1250
Software Expense
Buying Domain
Buying Server
$1000
Cost of Operation ( Food ,
Electricity, Internet
Connection)
$1500 $1500
Total $20,300 $10,050 $9000
Effective Cost $48,000 – ($20,300+
$10,050+$9000)
= $48000 - $39350
= $8650
Effective outcome for the E-Restaurant project will be positive and it is approximately $8650.
From the next year there will only be maintenance cost and no other hardware and personnel
cost. Hence, total investment that the restaurant has made in the early stage will be added to the
net profit. With the same level of sales, restaurant can expect a profit of $50,000 approx.
However, with further enhancements and changes this figure can definitely go up.
Perceived Risks and Constraints
Risk Category Risk Risk Mitigation
Communicatio
n
Disengagement of stakeholders Arrange timely meetings and adhoc
meetings if required
Feasibility Inappropriate analysis of the
project feasibility leading to the
failure
Take assistance from the team members to
do their sanity checks. List all the doubts
about the project feasibility.
Approvals and
Red Tape
Delay in the project go live Project Manager should be actively
involved and so are the stakeholders for
sign-offs and meetings.
16

Design Poor User Interface leading to
less conversion rate online
User involvement and competitor website
evaluation before design phase.
Server Issues Poor Server that goes down
quite often and slow response
time
Put website in testing mode to monitor
server response. Utilize server monitoring
tool like Kingdom, Google Analyzer etc.
Integration Integration of Security
Interface, Payment Gateway
and Administration interface
It can be ruled away by deciding on the
requirements towards the external agents
External Risk Disengagement of security
personnel providers
Sign a contract initially with the different
firms who signs up for the project
Technical Poor performance due to bad
code quality
Code reviews, Code performance
monitoring
Constraints
Project constraints that might lead to the delays in the project should be taken care of, but few
constraints cannot be overlooked. For example, Change management process should be followed
even for the small changes.
Solution Constraints
1. Development of a working prototype of the website is a must. It is a constraint on the
development team to come up with a rough working prototype to take user and
stakeholder’s feedback (Fitzsimmons,2013).
2. Project has to complete in the given time as company is looking to launch the website as
soon as possible.
Process Constraints
1. Development process should be based on Test Driven Development. It provides a better
code quality.
2. Every code will be tested for quality before deployment. It includes code review, bug
fixes etc.
3. There is no change possible without following the Change management process. Even a
minor change has to go through the process of approvals and management. It might
introduce delays.
Resources and allocation
Support Requirements
Type Length of Support
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Resource General Specialist Short Intermediate Long
Venue Data
Management
Trainee
X X
Security Data
Management
Trainee
X X
Consultant X X
Short Term
It is twenty day’s time when the associated resource will be available to complete the assigned
task. It includes daily reporting and complete day working. Hence, 8 hours a day and meeting
every day for reporting. Working days will be five days a week starting from Monday.
Intermediate
It is one month time when the associated resource will work for the organization. It includes
reporting every four days and working for 8 hours every day and five days a week.
Long Term
It is Two months time when a resource will work with the teams to help them complete the
project. It is full time availability and five days a week where anyone can call for adhoc
meetings.
Project Schedule
Working as per the initial plan will ensure that there is no mismatch between the expected
delivery dates and the real delivery dates. Project schedule will remain intact and the automated
tool such as Jira will help team in following the priorities and delivery dates. Scrum calls and
daily meetings will help team to complete time on the initial proposed schedule.
Project Sign-offs and Approval
Requirement Closeout Criteria
Website should be adaptive and allow user to
make a reservation via phone, tablet or laptop.
Test report for all the devices signed by the
Project Manager and one developer from the
team. Website should not break on Phone,
Laptop or Tablet.
Emailing system should be integrated with the
appointment portal. User should get an email
with the details of the reservation.
Testing signoff by the Project Manager and
BA. No specific business impact, hence
technical feedback from the developer is good
enough for closure.
User should be able to login to the website to
make alterations to the order two days before
Testing signoff by a developer and BA. Ensure
all the use cases are covered including
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the schedule. changing data on the final day, or a day before
the execution of the order.
Website load time should not be more than 2-3
seconds.
Testing website load time in different
scenarios, with large number of threads
accessing the site and less number of threads.
Variation in the load time should not be more
than +/- 10% of the 2-3 seconds.
Payment gateway should let user pay using
different options.
Testing Payment gateway for different
payment options, such as wallet, cards and
PayPal. Signoff once everything works fine on
testing. Business Analyst and PM will give the
signoff.
Payment gateway should facilitate half
payment at the time of reservation. It should
give user an option to make payment above a
threshold amount.
Testing evidence needed for signoff. Testing
results on contingency server and UAT will be
monitored. Use of Sandbox in determining the
appropriate working.
Options to add top ups on the order related to
ambiance and security should be visible soon
after the order submission.
Testing evidence, followed by signoff from
BA and Developer.
Project Evaluation Tools
Experience based
methods
 They are based on the analysis of conditions that are usually related
to the success or failure of a project (quality of execution,
synergies, etc.)
 Success or failure is predicted according to the answers to
questions on those mentioned factors
 The inputs for those factors should come from members in different
departments
Vision  The vision is that of an individual (a Chief Executive or a product
champion) defying conventional wisdom and bringing about a
breakthrough
 It is common when information is scarce and it can be sustained by
irrational methods
 When it works it has many virtues: speedy, incisive and changing
the scene
QFD  It is used in many fields of design and engineering
 It is based on the identification of customer requirements and the
means for achieving those requirements
 Includes a scoring procedure with weighting of the factors
Relevance and
decision trees
 It is an approach for structured thinking
 It requires a very clear objective or long term goal, establishing a
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clear differentiation between goals and means for achieving them
 Critical path analysis and decision trees are examples of these
methods
Multicriteria &
table methods
 Scoring procedures to incorporate judgments based on a number of
criteria
 Various criteria may be used such as economic and financial
factors and concepts or decision theory
 The scoring of criteria is usually complemented with the use of
weight factors in order to distinguish the importance of each
criteria
Gantt chart
Gantt chart is created using the activities and their respective start and finish time. While considering
the start and finish date of the activities, we have taken care of few parameters to ensure that logical
flow is not disrupted (Aykin,2016). For example, Testing is done after every phase to ensure that we do
not spent too much time on testing the product at the end. In addition, there are few phases like,
change management and risk management that are considered at the end itself. As project will go live
after successful deployment and change management will only come into picture for the next delivery
for the same project.
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Assessment Task 2
Answer 1: Describe three different types of organizational structures in your own words.
Organizations are established in specific ways to accomplish different goals, and the structure of
the organization can help or hinder its process towards accomplishing these goals. Organization
structure can be the following types:
 Functional structure: Functional structure is set up so that each function of the
organization is grouped according to its purpose. For example, there may be a sales
department, finance department and marketing department. Functional structure is
suitable only for small business houses.
 Divisional structure: Divisional structure mostly used in large organizations that operate
in wide geographic area or that have different smaller organizations within the umbrella
group to cover different types of products or market areas. The main benefit due to
following this structure is that the organizations can easily meet the needs of different
customer more rapidly.
 Matrix: Matrix structure is known as a hybrid of functional or divisional structure. Matrix
structure is mostly used by multinational organizations.
Answer 2: List relevant legislations that may affect aspects of project management.
Where would you find the required legislative information?
Information technology law provides the legal framework for collecting, storing, and
disseminating electronic information in the global marketplace. Attorneys practicing in this area
of the law represent individuals and businesses from all different industries (Schwalbe,2015).
They help structure information technology transactions in a way that maximizes the client’s
economic benefit while ensuring regulatory compliance. Some type of laws are following:
1. Software Licensing Issues
2. Data privacy and security
3. Electronic signature laws
4. Information Technology attorneys
Answer 3: List five key project parameters that will be essential in any project.
When project management is done by organizations, the following factors considered as the most
important factors:
1. Time: Deadline of the project is considered most important parameter of the project. It is
necessary that there should be a good relationship between the deadline and the budget.
2. Cost: draw the budget of project is also considered an important parameter. While
drawing the budget the organization ensures that the budget is not over spent.
3. Quantity: Some projects have no quantity parameters but some are considered much
focused on quantity. Such as, if the objective of a project is to design a leaflet informing
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people about services, then the quantity of leaflets produced is not considered an
important parameters.
4. Quality: finally, the organization should aware about the quality parameters of a project.
Quality factors basically apply to inputs (raw material), to outputs (what the project
produces), processes (methods used to achieve output), and outcomes (results of the
project) etc.
5. Smart Planning: comprehensive planning is require for the success of the project from the
start. Smart planning helps the management to meet deadlines and stay organized. Good
planning not only keeps the project team focused but also keeps the work of employees
on track.
Answer 4: What is a Critical Path? Draw an example of a critical path using the given
information in the space below.
The Critical Path Method (CPM) is one of several related techniques for doing project planning. CPM is
for projects that are made up of a number of individual "activities.
Critical Path:
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Answer 5: Explain how a project aligns with organizational plans (e.g. strategic and
business plans)
Alignment at the project level requires a clear understanding of the organization’s strategic
intent.( Burke, 2013) The top four ‘green boxes’ define how the ‘strategic intent’ of the
organization is distilled into precise project objectives, the four blue boxes, how the project will
achieve these strategic objectives.
Strategic:
Purpose: What is the reason for this project?
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Vision: Once complete what will success look like?
Strategy: How will the project achieve this vision?
Objectives: What ‘SMART3’ objectives need to be achieved to fulfil the strategy?
Tactical:
Processes: The project management processes that need to be applied to accomplish the work.
Resources: The people and other resources are needed to accomplish the work.
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References
Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling.
John Wiley & Sons.
Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA.
Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Fitzsimmons, J., & Fitzsimmons, M. (2013). Service management: Operations, strategy, information
technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Alotaibi, A. B., & Mafimisebi, O. P. (2016). Project Management Practice: Redefining Theoretical
Challenges in the 21st Century. Project Management,7(1).
Tran, S. T., Le Ngoc Thanh, N. Q. B., & Phuong, D. B. (2013). Introduction to information technology.
In Proc. of the 9th inter. CDIO conf.(CDIO).
Ward, J., & Peppard, J. (2016). The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital
Strategy. John Wiley & Sons.
Alhawari, S., Karadsheh, L., Talet, A. N., & Mansour, E. (2012). Knowledge-based risk management
framework for information technology project.International Journal of Information Management, 32(1), 50-
65.
Aykin, N. (Ed.). (2016). Usability and internationalization of information technology. CRC Press.
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