Employee Perception and Decision Making

This assignment examines the influence of different leadership styles on employee perceptions and their role in decision-making processes. It delves into the effectiveness of autocratic leadership, particularly when employees require guidance, and the importance of contingency leadership styles that consider employee input. The document also highlights key factors contributing to improved communication within groups, emphasizing the need for clear agendas, appropriate communication channels, and strategies to minimize distractions.

Running head: BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Business Communication
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

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Table of Contents
Identification and reflection.......................................................................................................2
Two issues..............................................................................................................................3
Reflection on 2 interactions...................................................................................................4
Literature Review:......................................................................................................................4
Communication as a concept:................................................................................................4
Significance of Communication:............................................................................................5
Theories of Communication:......................................................................................................6
Shannon Weaver's Model of Communication........................................................................6
Face negotiation theory..........................................................................................................7
Social exchange theory..........................................................................................................7
Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication..............................................................................7
Communication skills of a leader...............................................................................................8
Contributing factors for improving communication within a group:.....................................9
References................................................................................................................................10

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Identification and reflection
The initial psychometric assessment is to assess the verbal communication’s competence.
This assessment portrays how an individual behaves with other people to involve then during
discussion. I have achieved 107 in this evaluation and that projects that I have good
intrapersonal skills though there are room for improvement. I listen to what others are saying
and I welcome any new ideas what others may suggest. Generally I try to get to know the
frame of reference along with the perception of the others. I have seen that I do not
proactively react to an issue in order to solve it and this is something that should be improved
by me.
The second evaluation demonstrates the self-observed competence of communication’s
result that shows my competence to communicate with individuals of various categories like
friends, strangers and acquaintances. In this assessment I got 82 in average and that shows
that I am rather comfortable with talking to the friends than the strangers and I have to
improve my skills to communicate with large groups.
The third assessment shows the assessment of the skills of individuals. This evaluation
helps to assess whether a person can be a good team member or the leader of the team. In this
assessment I got 53 that reveal that I have the potential to be a good team member and at
times I show some behaviours learnt from my team members. I have seen that I tend to accept
the opinions of my team members and at times feel pressurized when I need to solve an issue
within a short time span. These things reflect that I need to improve my ability to understand
a discussion more efficiently and to project my opinion on that at the same time as well. Then
I will be able to improve my leadership qualities eventually.

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The fourth evaluation is the self-report of non-verbal immediacy scale that focuses on the
tonal quality of the speed, body language, eye contact or movements of the hands at the
time of a discussion. These features help to understand how the persons are interested to
continue the conversation. I achieved 84 in this assessment that shows that my skills of
communication are average. I use my hands in order to make a point in a conversation
and I make eye contacts frequently in order to check whether the other person is getting
what I am trying to say or not. On the other hand, I use a range of vocal expression and
sometimes get stiff while talking to others; these aspects need to be improved.
The final psychometric evaluation is associated with the skills of presentation using
which I can attract the attention of the audience in a conversation. I scored 56 in this
assessment and that shows that I can present something in a well manner and can also get the
attention of the audience quickly due to the good content of the presentation. The evaluation
asserts that my preferences are using visuals in the presentation so that the the audience can
relate to the content. On the other hand, I do not get familiar with the room of the
presentation that exposes my to some sort of problems and makes me nervous at times. I ask
my audience to raise questions if they get confused with my content and I try to provide some
examples to make my content more understandable. Apart from these I tend to give in some
evidences to make my points even stronger and trustworthy.
Two issues
The two main issues found from the five evaluations are the communicating with ease in
the presence if larger group and lack of showcasing leadership style. I allow other individuals
to give their opinions and in general welcome their opinion. I think that taking action is the
most accepted thing for a solution can motivate the employees to work as they feel they are
asset of the organization. But at times in critical position, when there is o time left to arrange
meetings and I need to direct the employees, I feel pressurized.

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The second issue in this regard is that I hesitate to make a point while talking to a
large group of people. The main issue in this regard is that I think more regarding the other
individual’s concern and their reaction if they do not like my point.
Reflection on 2 interactions
I was chosen for the role of an assistant manager and there I had to take decisions of team
shuffle among the various departments. To achieve these criteria, I had to observe the level of
competence of the each employee and had to form new teams in order to achieve the targets
set by the management of the organization. I had chosen to gather feedbacks from the
employees regarding the new team formation and whether the new plans are effective or not.
In these cases, I think acrobatic leadership style will be the most appropriate one.
The following incident is associated with the incident stated above. I had arranged a mass
meeting and I did not know all the employees of that organization. I had prepared a speech
for the meeting on the effectiveness of team shuffling, but I could not deliver all that I intend
to due to my issues regarding communicating with large groups.
Literature Review:
Communication as a concept:
According to Kernbach, Eppler and Bresciani (2015), the process of two or more than
two people sharing their perception or thought process can be considered as the
communicational approach. There are two ends of a communication process: the sender of
the message and the receiver of the message. When a person requires sharing his or her
thoughts or concerns, they can communicate easily. There are various categories of
communication: visualization, written communication, non-verbal communication and verbal

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communication. The person involved in a verbal communication has to use a medium such as
television, telephone or radio, on the other hand, the non-verbal communication involves
body language, gestures, movement of hands, eye-contact etc. As indicated by Bovée, Thill
and Raina (2016), the written communication involves letters, books, emails, magazine,
social media websites in order to communicate with each other. There is another type of
communication, visualization, which involves usage of graphs, charts and other picture
representations for expressing views.
Significance of Communication:
As a process, communication tends to allow people to find out about various
traditions and cultures. Within a business organization, people can come from various
cultural backgrounds who are working at a same place, therefore through an effectual
communication process; they can share their thoughts and knowledge with each other
(Cornelissen & Cornelissen, 2017). This procedure can enhance achieving the organizational
objectives and goals. Therefore this can be beneficial for the firm in the long run.
In addition to that, it should be noted that there are various departments within an
organization that are working on a same project. Effectual communication process is helpful
for the managers for avoiding the resource allocation for a same task. If there is effective
communication amongst employees they can coordinate and cooperate with each other.
Therefore it can save a huge amount of economic resources and cost. Goetsch and Davis
(2014), has indicated that effectual communication within an organization is not always face
to face communication, rather it can be done through notice boards and bulletins of the office
or through emails.
Other than these, communication process can also be helpful for dealing with the
comparatively new employees in the organization. If an individual employee is not feeling

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quite comfortable in the organization, he or she can let the organization know about the issue
through verbal communication (Samovar et al., 2014). Moreover, it has also been indicated
that within the organizational context, the employees can also share their concerns in a formal
way through email. Therefore it can be said that effectual communication process helps each
employee of the organization to share their issues and concerns. Along with that, employees
can also share their concerns on any kind of adverse situation the organization is facing at the
current time.
Theories of Communication:
Shannon Weaver's Model of Communication
Shannon Weaver's Model of Communication has been developed by Warren Weaver
and Claude Elwood Shannon in 1948. The primary features of this particular
communicational model are: encoder, decoder, sender, channel, noise and receiver (Al-
Fedaghi, 2012). This model states that the sender within the communication is responsible for
creating the message and then he or she chooses the appropriate channel for passing the
message. This has also been indicated that the encoder can be considered as the machine
which is responsible fir converting the message in binary codes in order to make the machine
understand the specific data and information in a message. The channel works as the medium
and helps the message to pass through it. The receiver is the one who stays at the receiving
end of the communication process and provide necessary feedback though the same channel.
The decoder works as another machine that tends to convert the binary code in the regular
message so that the receiver can understand the actual message. In this model, noise is
considered as the external feature which can be applied within certain environment through
people. This can cause immediate disruption in the communicational process. This model can
be utilized in the regular operational activities within any business organization. Marketers

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communicating with their clients through the medium of telephone are one of the major
instances of this model. As stated by McQuail and Windahl (2015) if there is high amount of
noise present in the communication process the client or the person at the receiving end of the
communication may not be able to understand the message clearly. In this kind of a
conversation, the marketer us the sender of the communication and the telephone operator
company is the encoder. The network works as the channel of communication as it helps the
communication to flow. The phone at the marketer’s end is the decoder of the communication
and the client is the receiver here.
Face negotiation theory
The face negotiation theory shows that the conflict style differences among the individualistic
cultures. The collectivist culture values the group and thus adopts a conflict style to integrate
to provide others mutual face (Mindess, 2014). The individualistic cultures actually put value
in the persons and try to protect the self-face. In this manner the individuals adopts a conflict
style that is often seen a dominating one.
Social exchange theory
The theory of social theory deals with the economic exchange regarding the
intrapersonal relationships. That means the relationships gets improved by if each other’s
satisfy each other’s self-interest (Goleman, 2017). According to this theory the self-interest is
not at all a bad thing and it can be seen as an idea that builds a relationship.
Berlo's SMCR Model of Communication
This model is considered as an extension of the previous communication model.
Moreover, this model also includes various characteristics of different aspects of the
communication process for making the entire communication process more effective. Turaga

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(2016) has indicated that decoding and encoding of the message have been more emphasized
in this model. The main features of the communication process described in this model are:
message, channel, sender and receiver. This model says that the message can be considered
as the content or the factors of discussion. The sender conveys his or her perception or
thought through this message. In addition to that, the code and the structure of the message
are very much important while creating the message. The channel refers to the medium
utilized for delivering the message. Newell (2012) has stated that the channels are mostly
technical apparatuses or the senses of any human being, such as seeing, hearing, smelling,
touching and tasting. The sender of the message is mostly considered as the source of the
entire communication process. The sender requires having basic knowledge on the culture,
social system or the social attitude. This helps to enhance the process. There should also be
an effectual understanding between the receiver and sender for making a proper
communication.
Communication skills of a leader
The leaders are expected to have few skills of communication. They should have
fundamental non-verbal expertise for making their employees understand that they are
interested in their issues (Goleman, 2017). Leaning the body or making eye contact can be
effective. They should also listen carefully to the employees for understanding their situation.
A good leader should have knowledge about the perception of the employees for making
right decision. However it has also been said that autocratic leadership should be followed if
employees need guidance to deal with a situation (Mindess, 2014). Also, if the leader tends to
follow the contingency styles of leadership, they are expected to listen to all the employees
and make the decision even if they do not get enough support. These leaders are seen to be
job-oriented.

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Contributing factors for improving communication within a group:
Therefore, it can be said that while making any conversation, there are different kinds
of distractions. If there are too many issues, the primary points should be written for
preparing the presentation. It can be helpful for sticking to the agenda and focus on the main
aspects of the topic. Another factor that enhances the communication is the choice of works.
Some organizations prefer using informal ways to deal with situation whereas some prefer a
formal way (Sorrells, 2015). Therefore on the basis of the gravity of the situation, it can be
changed.

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References
Al-Fedaghi, S. (2012). A Conceptual Foundation for the Shannon-Weaver Model of
Communication. International Journal of Soft Computing, 7(1), 12-19.
Bovée, C. L., Thill, J. V., & Raina, R. L. (2016). Business communication today. Pearson
Education India.
Cornelissen, J., & Cornelissen, J. P. (2017). Corporate communication: A guide to theory and
practice. Sage.
Goetsch, D. L., & Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Goleman, D. (2017). Leadership That Gets Results (Harvard Business Review Classics).
Harvard Business Press.
Jandt, F. E. (2017). An introduction to intercultural communication: Identities in a global
community. Sage Publications.
Kernbach, S., Eppler, M. J., & Bresciani, S. (2015). The use of visualization in the
communication of business strategies: An experimental evaluation. International
Journal of Business Communication, 52(2), 164-187.
McQuail, D., & Windahl, S. (2015). Communication models for the study of mass
communications. Routledge.
Mindess, A. (2014). Reading between the signs: Intercultural communication for sign
language interpreters. Nicholas Brealey Publishing.

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Newell, B. (2012). Simple models, powerful ideas: Towards effective integrative
practice. Global Environmental Change, 22(3), 776-783.
Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., McDaniel, E. R., & Roy, C. S. (2014). Intercultural
communication: A reader. Cengage Learning.
Sorrells, K. (2015). Intercultural communication: Globalization and social justice. Sage
publications.
Turaga, R. (2016). Organizational models of effective communication. IUP Journal of Soft
Skills, 10(2), 56.
Wu, S. P. J., Straub, D. W., & Liang, T. P. (2015). How information technology governance
mechanisms and strategic alignment influence organizational performance: Insights
from a matched survey of business and IT managers. Mis Quarterly, 39(2), 497-518.