Organizational Behavior and Motivation

This assignment delves into the intricacies of organizational behavior, examining various theories that explain employee motivation. It analyzes classical and contemporary theories like Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and Equity Theory. The assignment also explores the relationship between leadership styles, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, drawing upon relevant research and scholarly sources.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1................................................................................................................................................1
1.2................................................................................................................................................2
1.3................................................................................................................................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1................................................................................................................................................3
2.2................................................................................................................................................4
2.3................................................................................................................................................5
3.1................................................................................................................................................5
3.2................................................................................................................................................6
3.3................................................................................................................................................6
4.1................................................................................................................................................7
4.3................................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is linked with the way where people within the workplace
interact with each other and in turn operations within the workplace can be carried out
efficiently. Further, it directly highlights the staff members along with customers who take part
in the daily affairs of the organization. Further, it is necessarily required for every business to
assess and promote the need of organizational behavior within the workplace (DuBrin, 2013).
By knowing overall perception of individuals associated with the company it is possible to know
whether staff members are satisfied with the internal environment of organization or not. For
conducting the present study two companies have been chosen named City College and
Enterprise car rental where both the businesses defines need of OB to carry out overall
operations smoothly. Moreover, structure along with internal culture of both the businesses
differs from each other. Various tasks have been undertaken in the study which involves factors
influencing individual behavior at work, different organizational structure and culture,
application of different motivational theories etc.
TASK 1
1.1
Organizational culture and structure supports in managing key operations of the business
where no such major difference is present in between them. Further, structure of the business
states the constitutional body and culture defines the approach of handling staff members work.
Structure supports in knowing the responsibilities assigned to employees as per their capabilities.
In case of City college organization has adopted narrow structure where less number of
employees have been hired and in turn it becomes easy to carry out overall operations (Pinder,
2014). Enterprise has wide organizational structure as 75000 staff members has been employed
by company. Role culture has been employed by City college which highlights the roles assigned
to staff members and work is divided into departments such as human resource, administration
etc. On the other hand enterprise company has adopted task culture where staff members hold a
firm culture of team work. In order to understand about the concept of organizational culture
model proposed by Charles Handy is quite effective which highlights four types of culture
named power, task, person and role.
In power type of culture power remains in the hands of few only and they are allowed to
take decisions. In task culture teams are formed to accomplish major goals, person culture is
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associated with valuing employees and role one takes place when employees are given roles as
per their specialization (Wagner and Hollenbeck, 2014). Further, both City college and
Enterprise consider elements of Edgar Schein Eceberg model as important which involves
artefacts and symbols, espoused values and basic underlying assumptions. Artefacts highlights
surface of city college and Enterprise where visible elements are logos, architecture, processes
etc. Moreover, espoused values is linked with values and rules of conduct and underlying
assumptions are deeply embedded in the organizational culture.
1.2
Organizational structure and culture is directly linked with each other and they are
regarded to be the backbone of the firm where operations are affected. Further, it highlights the
range of strategies employed by organization so that growth opportunities can be grabbed easily.
City college is having flat structure along with role culture which works towards
accomplishment of some major goals and in turn strict approach is being present for completing
all the activities (Perkins and Muondo, 2013). Further, employees of the organization works
together so as to enhance efficiency of the company where maximum amount of mistakes are
reduced up to the extent. This directly leads to accomplishment of major goals and in turn targets
can be accomplished. Enterprise company has strong belief for employees where valuable
approach is present for customers.
Task culture has been employed within the workplace where each and every team is
formed in order to accomplish the major tasks. In such type of culture individuals with common
interest comes together to form a team. So, the overall combination of organizational structure
and culture provides base to the business where long term objectives can be accomplished easily.
It enhances motivation level of employees where they take active participation in the business
affairs (Abualrub and Alghamdi, 2012.). Appropriate adoption of structure along with culture has
assisted City College and enterprise to focus on their actual performance. So, with the help of
this it can be stated that employing proper structure and culture is must for every business
operating in the market.
1.3
Different factors are being present which influences individual behavior within the
workplace and it is necessarily required for business to consider such factors. One of the most
crucial factors is structure and culture of company where structure of City College and enterprise
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is effective which has developed positive environment within the workplace. Due to this reason
participation of staff members in the business affairs is quite high. Another key factor is job
security and in case of City college and enterprise business provides proper job security to its
workforce and this influences their behavior within the workplace (Altindag, Cengiz and Öngel,
2014). Majority of the employees are loyal towards company and they prefer to take part in the
business affairs up to maximum. In case if any organization is not able to deliver proper job
security to the employees then it leads to decline in performance of business and in turn
performance of company declines. Recognition along with other sort of monetary benefits
delivered to the staff members also influences individual behavior. City College believes in
delivering large amount of monetary benefits to its staff members as per their expectations. Due
to this reason their behavior towards the work is positive and in turn proper participation has
been attained within the workplace affairs.
On the other hand, in enterprise company recognition and reward systems are not
undertaken where staff members are not provided monetary support (Arnold and et.al., 2015).
So, this directly leads to decline in their motivation level and influences their work performance.
In each and every organization all these factors are quite important in influencing individual
behavior at work.
TASK 2
2.1
Different leadership styles are present which provides support to organization in effective
management of workforce and acts as development tool. For management of employees City
college and enterprise has adopted different leadership styles as per their need and their
description has been provided below:
Democratic style: It is one of the main style where employees working in team are managed in
proper manner. Further, all the staff members are encouraged to take part in the business affairs
and advice is taken in the process of decision making (Aydin, Sarier and Uysal, 2013). Further,
this style will have positive impact on the City College and enterprise where both the
organizations can show importance of its employees within the workplace and they can be
managed in proper manner.
Autocratic style: In this type of style leader holds power to take the major decisions and all the
employees are required to follow the rules developed. Further, this style is not at all beneficial
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for City college and Enterprise as participation of staff members is minimum and due to this
reason their motivation level declines.
Laissez faire: In this type of leadership style team members are delivered high amount of
freedom in relation with carrying out operations (Canina, Palacios and Devece, 2012). Further,
leaders prefer to take advice of employees if it is required. So, this style can also be undertaken
by City college and Enterprise for its smooth functioning.
So, these are some of the leadership styles that can be employed by both the companies
for handing employees associated with the business.
2.2
Organizational theory highlights real style of management by studying the structure and
culture of workplace. Wakefield as one of the main principle of City college opted for
administrative theory of Max Weber which is regarded as bureaucratic theory of management
and is a traditional approach linked with handling employees working in the company. Some of
the main concepts associated with this theory has been discussed below:
Hierarchical authority: It highlights that City college and Enterprise is required to undertake
proper chain of control with reflects level of authorities and formal communication among them
through proper documentation (Lindenberg, 2001). It will enhance line of communication where
each subordinate is responsible for reporting superior and in turn misconception among
employees will reduce.
Specialized work: This concept is based on the belief of avoiding multiple tasks for the staff
members. Further, it allows employees to carry out business operations efficiently and with full
concentration level. It relies on the concept of expertise which highlights that right person must
be assigned right task as per capability.
Enterprise company depends on organizational theory of Frederick taylor who is mainly
known as the father of scientific management (Grenway, 2008). Individual stated management as
reflection of art to handle all the staff members and came up with effective study of time and
motion. Below are some of the main benefits associated with this theory:
 Working in a team is considered to be most important where one can easily develop
professional along with personal skills in accomplishing major goals.
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2.3
Every organization relies on various management styles and theories and this directly
relies on the composition of business. Considering the administrative theory of Max Weber, City
college has employed functional structure in its firm where major tasks of the company are
divided into departments. It supports in proper maintenance of coherent environment where
unethical activities are not at all present (Bhattacharyya, 2009). It directly encourages staff
members to take part in major affairs of the company and generates large amount of trust.
Further, from management side they prefer to consider the main issues faced by employees and
best possible solution is identified. Moreover, enterprise firm has undertaken organizational
theory of Taylor in its functional organizational structure where main attention is on enhancing
work quality. Therefore, this directly highlights the clear specification of the terms and
conditions which are required to be followed by the staff members. The theory of management
along with leadership employed supports in carrying out all the operations smoothly and
maximum contribution of employees in the business affairs is possible. The management theory
on which both the companies rely is different and provides base in management of staff members
for carrying out business operations (Aswathappa, 2005). Therefore, with the help of this it can
be stated that management approaches along with leadership influences business operations in
every possible manner.
3.1
Leadership styles being adopted by businesses have direct impact on behavior of
employees working in City college and Enterprise. Further, in case of City college organization
has adopted democratic style of leadership where staff members are allowed to take part in the
business affairs and motivation tools are being undertaken. Participation of employees in the
decision making process is also maximum which encourages them to take part in the major affair
of the company. Therefore, this style has positively affected City College where affairs of the
business have been carried out efficiently and this in turn acts as development tool for the
business (Chelladurai, 2006). Staff members behave positively and in turn their satisfaction level
is high. Moreover, in case of enterprise autocratic style has been adopted where employees
contribution in the business affair is minimum and leader holds power to take major decisions.
Due to this reason motivation level of employees is influenced and productivity of organization
is also affected. So, in this case employee behavior is little bit negative. Both the styles of
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leadership undertaken are totally different and affects the way in which employees within both
the companies have to be managed. Without considering proper style of leadership it is not
possible for any organization to focus on its desired objectives and sometime it may have
adverse impact on employees working in the company.
3.2
Motivational theories directly encourage staff members to take part in the business
affairs. Further, it is also associated with organizational performance as in case if staff members
are highly motivated then it encourages maximum participation from their side (Pritchard and
Ashwood, 2008). City college focuses on maslow need hierarchy of theory with the help of
which different type of needs of employees are satisfied for enhancing job satisfaction. It is a
five stage model where main needs are as follows:
 Self actualization is one of the need which highlights individual development along with
satisfaction of employee
 Esteem need which reflects the element of getting self recognized within the workplace
 Belongingness is linked with affection from co-workers of the company
 Safety need is associated with job security among employees along with unbiased
surrounding of work
 Psychological desire involves the basic need of human being such as food, clothing,
shelter etc.
On the other hand Enterprise company has adopted Herzberg two factor theory with the
motive to enhance motivation level of the staff members. This theory relies on two factors which
involve hygiene and motivation (Bolino and Turnley, 2008). Hygiene factors are lower to the
dissatisfaction of job in staff members. Further, employees measure different elements which
involve company pay, corporate working condition, level of job security etc. Further,
motivational factors are associated with job satisfaction of staff members where staff member
measure favorable results for accomplishing promotion for self recognition along with personal
opportunities.
3.3
In case of City College and Enterprise both the companies can apply motivational
theories through proper planning. Further, without motivation it is not at all possible for
organization to operate efficiently in the market. Business can segregate all the employees and
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can focus on those who are de motivated within the workplace. Moreover, large number of
benefits can be obtained by undertaking motivation theory proposed by Maslow and Herzberg.
When applying Maslow hierarchy of need theory staff members can divide its staff members on
the basis of need where five major needs can be undertaken easily. Self actualization as one of
the main need can be considered where training can be delivered to employees for boosting their
satisfaction level (Koltko-Rivera, 2006). All the needs have to be focused on in proper amount so
that employees may prefer to take part in the business affairs. On the other hand, applicability of
Herzberg two factor theory will also be beneficial for enterprise firm where staff members can be
motivated to take part in the business affairs. Hygiene factor needs to be focused on for
enhancing motivation level and this will be beneficial for business in every possible manner.
Apart from this, management of enterprise has to ensure that proper motivational factors are
being present so that employees may work for the welfare of company and this will be a kind of
development for business in the market.
4.1
City college and Enterprise carries out all the operations of business by forming different
groups. Further, employees working in groups have to apply lesser efforts in business operations.
Two types of groups are being present where behavior of staff members can vary which involves
both formal and informal one (Udechukwu, 2009). In City college formal group has been formed
where staff members have to follow chain of command and activities have to be carried out as
per the duties assigned to them. Further, group behavior in this type of group is formal where
communication in relation with work only takes place and this leads to enhanced business
productivity in every possible manner. On the other hand in Enterprise company informal groups
are developed by employees on their own. Generally gossip and other form of talks take place in
this type of group which sometime hampers organizational productivity. So, behavior of
employees in this type of group is informal where they do not follow chain of command etc.
Therefore, with the help of this it can be stated that nature of group along with behavior differs in
both the companies. In comparison between both the types of groups formal one is more
effective where operations of the business are carried out efficiently (Trigg, 2004).
4.2
Large numbers of factors are being present which makes team effective and threatens the
success of team and they are as follows:
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Effective communication: It is one of the major factor which makes team effective. In case if
City College and enterprise has proper line of communication the through this employees can
easily communicate with one another and this directly acts as development tool for the company
(Kleinman, 2004). This will build situation of trust and confidence among workforce. Further,
employees can easily participate in the business affairs if in case proper communication within
the workplace is being present.
Clear roles and responsibilities: It is also one of the major factor which can make team
effective. In case if all the staff members within team know about their duties and responsibilities
then productivity of the entire team can be enhanced and this will be favorable for entire
company in every possible manner.
Ineffective leadership: Sometime the leadership style adopted within City College and enterprise
may be ineffective due to which employees are not motivated properly. So, this factor can act as
threat while managing team and in turn performance of the team is influenced.
4.3
Technology plays most important role in business functioning. Both City college and
Enterprise has employed advanced tools for carrying out overall operations. Information
technology as a tool has been employed for communication purpose through which critical data
is shared easily (Luthans, 2002). In short, both the companies have been directly benefitted with
the adoption of new tools where staff members have to apply lesser efforts in business
operations. This has allowed companies in gaining competitive advantage and acted as a
development tool for the business. So, with the help of this it can be stated that technology has
influenced the team functioning in every possible manner.
CONCLUSION
The entire study being carried out has supported in knowing about the significance of
organizational behavior. Further, the structure and culture employed by both the companies are
appropriate where major goals of the enterprise have been accomplished. For enhancing
motivation level of workforce the theories undertaken such as Maslow need hierarchy and
Herzberg are quite effective which encourages staff members to take part in the business affairs
and has lead to favorable results. Apart from this, the overall groups formed within the
workplace have allowed both the businesses in gaining competitive edge and they are able to
operate efficiently as expected.
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REFERENCES
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Arnold, K. A. and et.al., 2015. Leadership styles, emotion regulation, and burnout. Journal of
occupational health psychology. 20(4). pp.481.
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Bhattacharyya, C. K., 2009. Human Resource Planning. Excel Books.
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Pinder, C. C., 2014. Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press.
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Udechukwu, I. I., 2009. Correctional officer turnover: Of Maslow's needs hierarchy and
Herzberg's motivation theory. Public Personnel Management. 38(2). pp.69-82.
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Online
Luthans, F., 2002. The need for and meaning of positive organuizational behavior. [Pdf].
Available through: <http://mario.gsia.cmu.edu/micro_2007/readings/Luthans_The%20need
%20for.pdf>. [Accessed on 28th Oct 2016].
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