Sustainable Tourism Development

This document discusses the concept of sustainable tourism development and its benefits for stakeholders. It explores the features of tourism development at different levels and the importance of interactive planning. The document also provides methods to measure the impact of tourism and factors that can hinder sustainable tourism development. The subject is sustainable tourism development and the course code is not mentioned. The course name and college/university are also not mentioned.

Sustainable tourism
development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Benefits of tourism development planning for stakeholders............................................1
1.2 Disadvantage and advantages of private and public sector..............................................2
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
2.1 Features of tourism development at different levels........................................................3
2.2 Importance of interactive planning system and processes ..............................................4
2.3 Different methods to measure the impact of tourism.......................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Concept of sustainability in tourism development ..........................................................5
3.2 Factors which can prevent or hinder sustainable tourism development ..........................6
3.3 Different stages in planning for sustainability..................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
4.1 Methods of resolving conflicts of interests......................................................................8
4.2 Implications of balancing supply and demand ................................................................8
4.3 Moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism ....................................................................9
TASK 5..........................................................................................................................................10
5.1 Current issues associated with tourism development ....................................................10
5.2 Recommendations, future development of tourism........................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable development means the level of progress so as to meet future needs in an
effective manner. It is necessary because resources are finite and scare. In travelling industry,
sustainable tourism helps in increasing economic diversion so as resources can be developed in
optimum way. It accomplishes a balance between the number of tourists and the capacity of the
given environment. Now these days, travelling agencies and tour operators also focuses on
getting quality growth which cannot deplete the natural and in-built environment. Sustainable
development also preserves the history, culture and heritage of societies and local communities
(Aldebert, Dang and Longhi, 2011). Philippine is the selected tourist destination in this present
report; it is considered as one of the best tourism place over the world. Apart from this, the report
will be described the different advantages of sustainable tourism planning for stakeholders.
There are certain major features which must be involved in sustainable planning at various
levels. Readers will also come to know different methods so as to evaluate the impact of tourism.
Beside this, managers also have to adopt some ways in order to resolve conflict for well being
evolution of tourism destination.
TASK 1
1.1 Benefits of tourism development planning for stakeholders
Travel and tourism is one of the largest sector over the world, it is also liable for
economic growth and development of countries by providing job opportunities to people. In
2015, it contributes 10.6% for the overall GDP rate of the nation. In Asia, Philippine is the
famous tourist destination; its beaches, rainforests, mountains and diving spots attract people
effectively.
In Philippine, there are several tour operators which provides travelling facilities to
people in very convenient way. But it is fundamental for the managers of these tourism industries
to involve all stakeholders of the company while making any business decision. Stakeholders are
known as those people who can put a huge impact on firm's working activities in direct and
indirect manner (Ashworth and Page, 2011). Some major stakeholders of the tourism companies
are – government, societies, customers, employees, shareholders etc. They all are liable to
provide different sources to business organisations in order to make higher profits and sales.
Along with this, stakeholders are also accessible in developing strategies and policies in order to
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create healthy public relations. Below mentioned are the different stakeholders of travel and
tourism industry and their benefits are stated as under: -
 Government – British government also contributes highly in growth and development of
tourism industry. There are certain laws and regulations of government which allows
companies to expand their business at global level. Therefore, government authorities
provides a regulatory framework to travelling agencies that can identify all aspects of this
industry in an effective manner. In Philippine, there is passed a rule or an act, i.e. Tour
promotional brand act in order to promote tourism over the nation as well as attract
visitors in an effective manner.
 Tour industries – Tourism industries also captures many other sectors, such as-
hospitality, airlines and local transports all these are the most growing sectors which are
interlinked with tourism industry. In which, hospitality sector is one the largest growing
sector in Philippine helps in providing accommodation facilities to tourists.
 Local communities – Local people are also known as the major stakeholders of travelling
agencies. In 201-16, several people get employment in due to the expansion of tourism
industry. Along with this, Philippines's cultural can be seen in its historical sites where
local people organise different festivals and then visitors take mush interest in such
programmes or activities.
 Customers or tourists – Tourists or visitors are the important stakeholders of the firm,
people come and go on different tours for the purpose of study or some entertainment
activities. If customers are provided good services by tourism agencies then they can
attract towards companies. In Philippine, almost 25561456 people visit every year, it
highly contributes in revenue generation of the country.
1.2 Disadvantage and advantages of private and public sector
In the tourism industry, public and private both sectors are equally responsible for nation
growth or advancements. In which, public sectors relate with stipulation of services, diminishing
land issues or conflicts and the formulation and evolution of policies whereas the private sector
is highly concerned to make profitability and sales. Beside this, partnerships between these both
sectors also generate on various issues as well as benefit for tourism destinations.
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Advantages and disadvantages of public and private sectors are stated as under: -
Advantages Disadvantages
PPPs is assistive in cost reduction, Philippine
tourism performs in cost economic manner in
project construction as well as managing
operating services.
The major disadvantage is overused of
available resources which results in spoiling
the nature.
In tourism sector, if public and private both
sectors will be worked together then they are
capable to share potential risks.
The partnership contract between public and
private sector is too long and sometimes it
generate conflicts or disputes among them.
PPPs boost up earnings as it sets certain rates
which deliberate the real costs of user of a
specific service.
Concertinaing more and more on increasing
revenue rather than service quality.
In Philippine, it is also beneficial in managing
the current level of services and improvise
them timely (Bramwell, 2011).
If government of any country implement
certain strict laws and legislations which is
very tough to follow all individuals; it reduces
the number of visitors from tourists
destinations.
It contributes in generating more and more
employment for economic growth and
development of a nation.
PPPS aids in effective implementation of
different activities by creating them in more
flexible manner; it aids in improving decisions
as well as capital funding of a travelling
company.
Public sectors are emphasised upon social
welfare and advancement whereas private
sector focuses on enhancing its profitability
and sales.
Therefore, it is too tough for both sectors to
collaborate with each other.
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TASK 2
2.1 Features of tourism development at different levels
Tourism Planning plays a significant role in attaining different goals and objectives of
tourism development. Here planning, is related with build a vision and formulate future
objectives. Tourism planning also focuses on generating employment and income generation
opportunities which ultimately increases overall economy of the country. Tourism sector aims at
promoting sustainable development in the country keeping in view the other objective related to
that industry. Travel planning focuses on achieving four goals related with optimal use of natural
resources, improved visitor satisfaction, enhanced economy success and amalgamation of local
and joint areas. It comprises of three different level which are as follows:
National Tourism Planning: Philippines develop their tourist plan according to the
demand of visitors which converts national into responsible tourism of actions available at
different levels (Devine and Devine, 2011). For instance, an agreement was passed by the
government bodies which aims at increasing social, environment and economical benefits and
reduce the cost related to particular sector. For this, government has set various regulations and
laws that defines the initiative taken by the Philippine national bodies at larger scale in context of
developing roads. transport services, airport services etc. This ultimately increase the per capita
income of Philippine.
Regional and Local Tourism Planning: Local Tourism deals with the native issues that
has great impact on sub-national region. Regional government bodies consensus laws that aims
at operating, funding and various development policies that leads to generate higher revenue for
particular country. Philippine legal authority supplies adequate funding to their tourism sector
which serves as an advantage for the growth of travel industry.
International Tourism Planning: Organisation such as UNESCO, WTO, Tourist
Council and UNWTO render guidelines and are liable to promote the tourism development
overseas. It generates cooperation between international and national stakeholders in context
with planning, improvement and execute various tourists projects in other countries. Philippine is
collaborating with US tourism in respect of earning higher profits and share.
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2.2 Importance of interactive planning system and processes
Interactive planning is based on the activity of planning that is more important than all
procedures. It affects all stakeholders of the company; the major benefit of interactive planning
is that the participants come to know the organisation can understand their roles in order to
achieve its goals and objectives.
Apart from this, conventional planning refers to a straight forward process; it determine
the tasks what is going to be be done. The planning assumes that better information helps in
making better decision making process. The success of conventional planning can be measured
by the achievement of the plan's objectives.
Tourism Planning refers to the process of enhancing well being of local residents and
conserve environment and natural resources along with favourable contribution of tourism
sector. Philippine tourism is using both conventional and interactive planning . They believes
that better decisions can be made by effective participation process. Philippine generally include
local residents in their decision making process which gives them the advantage of higher
competitiveness at international level (Brinkerhoff and Brinkerhoff, 2011). Following are the
significance Interactive Planning Process
 Co-operation with local residents
 Improve the involvement of different stakeholders in decision making process.
 Main aim is to prepare themselves for the future contingencies.
 Development of Tourism at all different levels.
 Increase Employment Engagement
 Involve local residents in decision making process
 Consider local culture as part of travel development
 Focusses on promoting the current destination all across the globe, which ultimately
increases the number of visitors.
 Make services which can be easily access by the local as well as non-local visitors.
Therefore, if travelling agencies will be
2.3 Different methods to measure the impact of tourism
There is described are the different methods in order to measure the future impact of
tourism, such are stated as under: -
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Environmental measure – Several countries enacted Environmental impact assessment
for entire working activities with tourism. This idea can be predict ecological results and make
the more effective as well as environmental friendly. There are certain aspects which can be
measured by EIA, such as- system of environmental evaluation, limitation for natural aspects and
ecological clashes.
Economic measure – The growth and development of tourism states with monetary
success. In this perspective, different monetary aspects of tourism can be measured. The
financial potency of tourism can be measured with the in fiscal terms which can be occurred
without any movement within tourism (Brinkerhoff and Brinkerhoff, 2011). Along with this, the
level of multiplier relies would also assorted maximum quality nearby the economy. Tourism
industry contributes 25% in the growth and success of Philippine tourism through which the
GDP rate of the country is also increased.
Social measure – It is most interesting method to measure the impact of tourism but
social impacts are tough to gauge as they are subjective as well as qualitative. There are two
ways of getting information through a research by meetings, Delphi technique and member
participation. Beside this, managers can also collect data from government records, past research,
reports and newspapers.
TASK 3
3.1 Concept of sustainability in tourism development
Sustainable tourism focuses on balancing the need of local businesses so as to make a
profit. If sustainable tourism is achieved it is assistive in ensuring long term growth or survival to
a country. It also involves eco-tourism which suggests that sustainable tourism can be adopted
only if management gives propriety to environmental conversation.
Apart from this, sustainable tourism is classified into 4 resources, such as- capital,
material, knowledge and labour. Tour operators need to focuses on optimum utilisation of these
resources so as to get better future benefits. In tourism material encompasses natural and human
made assets. It is combination of interaction as well as enjoyment with the least destruction.
Along with this, sustainability also committed in order to put low impact over the local cultural
and environment. It generates future employment for people can easily contribute in economic
growth and development of the country.
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Sustainable tourism development provides critical economic incentives by gaining higher
revenues from purchasing power of visitors. It enhances the contribution of bio diversity thus to
reduce poverty and achieve sustainable goals and objectives of tourism. Below described the
main benefits of sustainability in tourism development, such as-
 Developing new business and raised job opportunities
 Increasing disposable income and creating new products
 Encouraging diversification and integrates local economy.
3.2 Factors which can prevent or hinder sustainable tourism development
There are various factors which can hinder and prevent Philippine tourism into Asia. It is
one of the most popular tourism destination which attracts visitors in order to visit the country.
But still there are certain major elements which which prevent tourism development, such are
defined as under: - Climate – Atmosphere or climate is an imperative part of every tourism organisation. For
example- many people are looked for warm temperature with less rain at the time holiday
trip. Winter and rainy seasons might be affected the demand of tourism. Along with this,
natural disasters remain several explorers to do not visit on such locations (Crouch,
2011). Fear of unethical activities as well as terrorism is also considered as important
issue in tourism sector. Access to amenities – Every individual wants to distinct expectation from the locations
where he or she is going to visit. It should be comfortable and gives higher level of
satisfaction to visitors. But the lack of specific conveniences can the reduces the interest
of people. In Philippine, the cost of public transports are high and affect the travelling
budget of people. Safety – The political condition of the country bring tourists over the globe. In recent
years, there are occurred certain major changes in political environment of Philippine
with this, people are not preferring to go at there. Apart from this, air and water pollution
also affect visitors health which increases allergy and Asthma among public. The rate of
crime or unethical activities at tour destination, I.e. robbery cases can also hinder the
tourism business.
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 Cost – It is a fundamental factor that can also affected the business of tourism.
Maximisation in costs of domestic travel can restricts, gas costs are also increasing which
leads in flight fare which can hinder long distance or worldwide travel.
3.3 Different stages in planning for sustainability
It is essential for travelling companies to prepare a sustainable tourism development plan
in order to get higher market growth and success. It also aids management to achieve firm's goals
and objectives in an effective manner (Devine and Devine, 2011). Sustainability planning helps
tour operators to provide better and qualitative services to customers and gain high competitive
advantage. Below mentioned are the different stages of sustainable tourism development, such
are stated as -
 Study and recognition and preparation – Recognition by government and private
authorities through tourism can get a desirable development options.
 In second stage, management have to keep desired goals and objectives that must be
achieved by the development of tourism. For this purpose, a business strategy should be
prepared clearly. For example- to encourage the use of tourism for both economic as well
as cultural exchange.
 Afterwards, a survey is conducted in order to get relevant data and information. It is vital
for undertaking an existing data search.
 Implementation of these surveys because more data is required for development process.
It involves – tourism attractions, accommodation facilities, travel patterns, economic
structure, environmental indicators, education and training needs.
 In this stage, there is regulate different analysis, such as – assets evaluation which aids in
monitoring the current and potential stock. On the other hand, market analysis is also
conducted for determining market segments. It also helps tour operators to determine that
which kind of promotional channel should be used and what prices will be charged for
products and services.
 The results are evaluated which are gathered from analysis through market survey. Then
appropriate or befitted policies are regulated which helps in developing as well as
promoting tourism activities of the company.
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 At last, the overall plan is submitted to the authorities of planning team. If they approved
then the plan is implemented within organisation.
TASK 4
4.1 Methods of resolving conflicts of interests
In every business entity, conflicts and disputes are always unwanted factor in nature; it
can be rise at any time and any situation. In tourism sector, these conflicts can be occurred due to
the interest of stakeholders. Hence, it can harm company's market growth and profitability. In
this relation, managers have to identify the all factors which are involved in this matter and
prepare effective strategies and policies so as to gain high competitive advantage from target
market (Hinch and Higham, 2011). There are described different methods of factors which are
involved in conflict resolution, such are -
Sorting and compromising – It is one of the effective method of resolving workplace
conflicts that can be put huge impact on growth and success of organisational performance. It is
compulsory for all parties to participate in decision making process of companies and find out
appropriate solution to resolve any business problem.
Meditation – Becoming a mediators helps managers as they can easily analyse the actual
problem and determine best solution of it. But both parties have to behave ethically and
positively so as to deal with situations in an effective manner.
Stakeholders satisfaction –Stakeholders are the people, who must be satisfy in an
effective manner, such people can hit all working activities and operations. Employees, top
management, customers, society, government are the main stakeholders of tourism organisations.
Company have to involve these people in its decision making process so as resolve conflicts and
issues. For example – if travelling agencies provide qualitative and value added products to its
customers then they will be satisfied in an effective manner and willing to come back again.
4.2 Implications of balancing supply and demand
In this global world, tourism is examine as effective sector which highly contributes in
country's and its society's development. For every tourism industry, it is essential to maintain
appropriate flow of supply and demand in order to retain consumers for a long period of time and
performing business functions in right way. Supply & demand subsist as most important
component which plays an efficient role in the market place by satisfying the basic requirements
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of the customers (Morrison, 2013). The main objective of every business entity is to administer
high quality goods and services to its potential consumers , who want to take benefits of offered
goods and services of the company. The increasing demand of global travellers at Philippine in
tourism sector has been declined by about 20 % and this shows high downfall in the growth of
travel and tourism. The place is basically known for its culture or heritage. High amount of
visitors are attracted due to the beauty of the place and its heritage culture. Different travellers
belong to various places like Korea, Japan and United States of America are attracted towards
Philippine. The demand and supply of tourist should be managed by the approaches of
marketing. In tourism sector, there is nearly about 42 million of amount is expending in
Philippine, as the visitors are more attracted towards those places which are mainly concerned
with culture and heritage. In japan, people spend nearly 42.6 million and in Korea, about 102.87
million.
This shows high increment in travellers from different places & it assists in creating high
growth in country. It is beneficial for both, economy of the country as well as success and
growth of tourism industry (Robinson, Heitmann and Dieke, 2011). This sector contributes
about 10 % in the growth in gross domestic product of the country. The country, Philippine has
ability to attain high profitability by tourism segment as it covered about 7000 islands which are
very beautiful and attractive and assists in the economic growth of the country by the way of
attracting high number of travellers.
4.3 Moral and ethical issues of enclave tourism
Enclave tourism refers when visitors remains for their whole stay at the same cruise
which renders then each and everything whatever they need and where they actually wants to
expend. It creates a controlled entire tourism development, i.e. self contained resorts, all
inclusive holidays and fenced up boundaries. Enclave tourism states with a specific tourists
destination where all activities are well organised and controlled so as to provide effective
facilities to people as they can enjoy their holidays in an imperative manner (Saraniemi and
Kylänen, 2011).
It does not allow tourists to go outside for fulfilling their tourism needs and wants within
the host country. These planned activities are really beneficial in attaining and retaining
customers for long term period, such kind of tourism activities are organised by government of
the host country.
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Below mentioned are the major ethical or moral issues of enclave tourism, such as-
 All inclusive import more and employed fewer people per dollar of revenue than other
hotels.
 Smaller trickle down also put a huge impact of local economies.
 The cultural and heritage value get suffered cause of dynamic nature of visitors.
 Enhancement of prostitution cases, drug trafficking and high crime rates.
 Major environmental issues which are concerned with climate or disposable waste of
water.
 Instability in political condition of the country and threat of dangerous diseases, i.e. AIDS
are the major issues.
 Air, noise and land pollution are the major problems which highly affected the
environment; it raised healthy and safety issues among people.
 Problems can be generate through mental and physical health of people through which
they get irritate and feel helpless. It is treated as major ethical issues of tourism sector.
TASK 5
5.1 Current issues associated with tourism development
Tourism sector is get affected by various elements which can influence its growth and
development in emerging countries as well as destination. In a comparison of Thailand and
Philippine has several similarities and differences which creates account of that are linked with
development of tourism. Both nations are facing several issues or problems, such are stated as
under: -
Impact Philippine Thailand
Economical
issues
The economic condition of Philippine
also become a major issue travel and
tourism sector. Due to higher interest
rates, the cost of travelling activities
are also high through which people
are not able to spend more money for
visiting (Spenceley and Meyer,
2012). Through which the sales and
Recently, Thailand has faced
economic crises which hit in an
adverse manner. Through which
number tourists is also decreased
cause of reduction in disposable
income of people.
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profitability of this country is also get
reduced.
Social issues Siargao, Manila and Vigan are the
popular tourist destination cause of its
climate. Socio-cultural issues are
linked with diversity in nature. There
is a huge difference between cultural
and view point of people from
tourism point of view.
Thailand is famous of its ethical
values and morality. It social cultural
environment also involves its
policies and cultural (Waligo, Clarke
and Hawkins, 2013). Higher level of
corruption is the major drawback
which can degraded the growth of
tourism in this country.
Environmental
issues
The environment or atmosphere of
Philippine is totally clean and
hygienic. Many beaches and seas are
friendly in nature; it gives a warn
experience to people. But due to
global warming or air pollution the
overall environment of the country is
getting hamper.
Some tour operators are not able to
fulfil their environmental and social
responsibilities which can hinder
their market image and goodwill in
adverse manner.
5.2 Recommendations, future development of tourism
The future development of tourism business is bright and helps in recovering of Asian
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and European economics. Enhancement of domestic tourism will be assistive for Philippine so
as to mitigate international risks; Malaysia is now exploring as new tourist destination. Through
which, there is increased competition or price wars among different tour operators. For this,
they provides attractive discounts and holiday packages in order to attain and retain people for
long term period. There are given certain recommendations in order to explore tourism
business in Philippine, such as-
 It is necessary for management to analyse all external or internal factors which would
put huge impact on growth and development of tourism sector. '
 Management always have to focuses on conducting market research so as to analyse
needs and wants of people and serve them services accordingly.
 Facility of comfortable transportation
 There is required to improve the quality of services in an cost effective manner.
 The behaviour of staff members should be ethical, it does not hurt the value or believes
of any customers.
 Evolution of effective marketing and promotional strategies so as people at global level
can know about it.
 Need to resolve customers' queries or problems
 Formulate imperative laws and legislation so as to prevent working activities and serve
in an ethical manner to clients.
 Using new and innovative techniques, i.e. GPS, marketing information system etc. in
order to render information about tourism places and its weather as well.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it has been summarised that sustainable tourism
development plays an eminent role in growth and development of travelling sector. Philippine is
the selected destination; its beauty attracts people to visit. Apart from this, managers of travelling
industries need to include all stakeholders so as to make important decisions. There are two types
of public and private tourism sectors, both are equally responsible for economic growth of the
company. Economic, social and environmental are the certain major measurements which helps
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in monitoring the future impact of tourism. Management needs to focuses on improving the
quality of their products and services for achieving future growth and development in tourism
sector.
REFERENCES
Books and journals
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Aldebert, B., Dang, R. J. and Longhi, C., 2011. Innovation in the tourism industry: The case of
Tourism@. Tourism management. 32(5). pp.1204-1213.
Ashworth, G. and Page, S. J., 2011. Urban tourism research: Recent progress and current
paradoxes. Tourism Management. 32(1). pp.1-15.
Bennett, N., and et. al. 2012. A capital assets framework for appraising and building capacity for
tourism development in aboriginal protected area gateway communities. Tourism
Management. 33(4). pp.752-766.
Bramwell, B., 2011. Governance, the state and sustainable tourism: A political economy
approach. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 19(4-5). pp.459-477.
Brinkerhoff, D. W. and Brinkerhoff, J. M., 2011. Public–private partnerships: Perspectives on
purposes, publicness, and good governance. Public Administration and Development.
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Crouch, G. I., 2011. Destination competitiveness: An analysis of determinant attributes. Journal
of travel research. 50(1). pp.27-45.
Devine, A. and Devine, F., 2011. Planning and developing tourism within a public sector
quagmire: Lessons from and for small countries. Tourism Management. 32(6). pp.1253-
1261.
Devine, A. and Devine, F., 2011. Planning and developing tourism within a public sector
quagmire: Lessons from and for small countries. Tourism Management. 32(6). pp.1253-
1261.
Gretzel, U., 2011. Intelligent systems in tourism: A social science perspective. Annals of Tourism
Research.38(3). pp.757-779.
Hinch, T. and Higham, J., 2011. Sport tourism development (Vol. 50). Channel view
publications.
Morrison, A. M., 2013. Marketing and managing tourism destinations. Routledge.
Robinson, P., Heitmann, S. and Dieke, P. U. Eds., 2011. Research themes for tourism. CABI.
Saraniemi, S. and Kylänen, M., 2011. Problematizing the concept of tourism destination: An
analysis of different theoretical approaches. Journal of Travel Research. 50(2). pp.133-
143.
Spenceley, A. and Meyer, D., 2012. Tourism and poverty reduction: Theory and practice in less
economically developed countries. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 20(3). pp.297-317.s
Waligo, V. M., Clarke, J. and Hawkins, R., 2013. Implementing sustainable tourism: A multi-
stakeholder involvement management framework. Tourism management. 36. pp.342-
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Online
Destination in Philippine, 2017. Available through <http://placebrandobserver.com/destination-
check-tourism-sustainability-philippines/>
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