Competing with Covid-19: Survival Strategies for Grocery section of Tesco PLC in England and Ireland Markets
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This dissertation discusses the impact of Covid-19 on Tesco's business performance and productivity, survival strategies adopted by Tesco, and the success of home delivery systems in the post-pandemic era. It also explores how the online unit can operate to maximize operational effectiveness and customer relationships. The research methodology used in this dissertation is also discussed.
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Business Dissertation
(Competing with Covid-19: Survival
Strategies for Grocery section of Tesco
PLC in England and Ireland Markets)
(Competing with Covid-19: Survival
Strategies for Grocery section of Tesco
PLC in England and Ireland Markets)
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Contents
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................3
What is the impact of Covid 19 on the business performance and productivity of Tesco plc in
England and Ireland?...................................................................................................................3
What are the survival strategy adopted by Tesco plc to survive in the market of England and
Ireland after the global pandemic?..............................................................................................4
Whether or not home delivery systems are successful in the post-pandemic era?......................6
CHAPTER 3: METHOD OF ANALYSIS......................................................................................8
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...............................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................3
What is the impact of Covid 19 on the business performance and productivity of Tesco plc in
England and Ireland?...................................................................................................................3
What are the survival strategy adopted by Tesco plc to survive in the market of England and
Ireland after the global pandemic?..............................................................................................4
Whether or not home delivery systems are successful in the post-pandemic era?......................6
CHAPTER 3: METHOD OF ANALYSIS......................................................................................8
CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS...............................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
What is the impact of Covid 19 on the business performance and productivity of Tesco plc in
England and Ireland?
As per the view of Lee (2022), COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the performance and
productivity of most of the companies in a negative manner and this results in decreasing their
overall profitability. With the affect of lockdown in the business, most of the business need to
close their shops for that period of time and this results in reducing the working efficiency and
effectiveness of employees to work in the business. People fear to work in the business as they
face difficulty in dealing with the uncertainty of the market in a negative manner and this results
in decreasing the morale and motivation among employees to work in an organisation. The
Tesco plc need to close their physical outlet as they customers have a fear in the minds of people
and this resulted in delivering low opportunities for the business in the market of England and
Ireland. As there is high competition in the market, various new business are opening and are
offering new and unique products at different and reasonable prices. To beat that competition,
Tesco uses cost leadership strategy so that it could maintain its old customer base and could gain
more new customers (Gamage, 2020). It is important for the Tesco plc to tackle the situation in a
creative manner such as by building a sense of trust in the mind of customers so that they achieve
growth in the time of pandemic in an effective manner. This could be beneficial for the business
as it allows their customers in having comparatively lower prices than their competitors so they
could increase their customer base through these strategy. Customers, today are always looking
for unique products at reasonable prices. This strategy enables the business in having more
customers as per their competitors which will result in the increment of company's image in
England and Ireland market. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the business productivity is
defined as under:
Decreased growth and success – With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic across the
world results in closure of most of the businesses and this decreases their overall growth
in the competitive market (Tortorella, Giglio and Limon-Romero, 2018). It is important
for the Tesco plc to sale their products through online portals as customers are less
interested in buying things from the physical stores. This helps in increasing their
variability and reliability in the market of England and Ireland for better productivity and
What is the impact of Covid 19 on the business performance and productivity of Tesco plc in
England and Ireland?
As per the view of Lee (2022), COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the performance and
productivity of most of the companies in a negative manner and this results in decreasing their
overall profitability. With the affect of lockdown in the business, most of the business need to
close their shops for that period of time and this results in reducing the working efficiency and
effectiveness of employees to work in the business. People fear to work in the business as they
face difficulty in dealing with the uncertainty of the market in a negative manner and this results
in decreasing the morale and motivation among employees to work in an organisation. The
Tesco plc need to close their physical outlet as they customers have a fear in the minds of people
and this resulted in delivering low opportunities for the business in the market of England and
Ireland. As there is high competition in the market, various new business are opening and are
offering new and unique products at different and reasonable prices. To beat that competition,
Tesco uses cost leadership strategy so that it could maintain its old customer base and could gain
more new customers (Gamage, 2020). It is important for the Tesco plc to tackle the situation in a
creative manner such as by building a sense of trust in the mind of customers so that they achieve
growth in the time of pandemic in an effective manner. This could be beneficial for the business
as it allows their customers in having comparatively lower prices than their competitors so they
could increase their customer base through these strategy. Customers, today are always looking
for unique products at reasonable prices. This strategy enables the business in having more
customers as per their competitors which will result in the increment of company's image in
England and Ireland market. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the business productivity is
defined as under:
Decreased growth and success – With the advent of COVID-19 pandemic across the
world results in closure of most of the businesses and this decreases their overall growth
in the competitive market (Tortorella, Giglio and Limon-Romero, 2018). It is important
for the Tesco plc to sale their products through online portals as customers are less
interested in buying things from the physical stores. This helps in increasing their
variability and reliability in the market of England and Ireland for better productivity and
growth in the market and for encouraging customers for buying the following products
and services.
Less number of customers – With the effect of COVID-19 pandemic has results in
decreasing the number of customers within the organisation for the sale of particular
products and services (Power, Heavin and O’Connor, 2021). Less customers means less
profits for Tesco plc and this impacts the services of the business in a negative manner in
the long run. It is important for Tesco plc to attract customers by selling their products
through online portals and sites so that they feel safe in ordering things through online
delivery of particular goods and services.
Negative working culture – As COVID-19 has resulted in decreasing the morale and
motivation of employees working within the organisation mainly results in creating a
negative working culture of employees (Sefiani and et. al., 2018). This impacts the
working performance and efficiency of employees to achieve high sales and revenue in
the competitive business market within England and Ireland. It is necessary for the
business to use creative ways for attracting employees of the company to get high
motivation to work in the company for achieving the predetermined goals and objectives
of the business. This also helps in increasing the customers base and share in the market
in the time of pandemic in the world.
What are the survival strategy adopted by Tesco plc to survive in the market of England and
Ireland after the global pandemic?
As per the view of Chernov and Sornette (2020), the impact of Covid 19 was so worst for
the company that surviving in the market become difficult for them. To survive in the market
Tesco adopted various survival strategy so that they can regain their market share after the global
crisis. Each and every company is looking for the approach which helps them to survive in the
market for longer time period. So most of the brands are developing to frame or implement best
survival strategy for them. The foremost strategy that Tesco used is hybrid strategy. In this
method they combine two strategies with one another that are cost leadership strategy and cost
differentiation strategy. As per the view of cost leadership strategy company reduce the cost of
production for their product as compared to the competitors. On the other side in context of cost
differentiation they produce variety of unique product and sale in the market so that they can
gain competitive advantage and can survive in the market (Taskov, 2020). The major reason for
and services.
Less number of customers – With the effect of COVID-19 pandemic has results in
decreasing the number of customers within the organisation for the sale of particular
products and services (Power, Heavin and O’Connor, 2021). Less customers means less
profits for Tesco plc and this impacts the services of the business in a negative manner in
the long run. It is important for Tesco plc to attract customers by selling their products
through online portals and sites so that they feel safe in ordering things through online
delivery of particular goods and services.
Negative working culture – As COVID-19 has resulted in decreasing the morale and
motivation of employees working within the organisation mainly results in creating a
negative working culture of employees (Sefiani and et. al., 2018). This impacts the
working performance and efficiency of employees to achieve high sales and revenue in
the competitive business market within England and Ireland. It is necessary for the
business to use creative ways for attracting employees of the company to get high
motivation to work in the company for achieving the predetermined goals and objectives
of the business. This also helps in increasing the customers base and share in the market
in the time of pandemic in the world.
What are the survival strategy adopted by Tesco plc to survive in the market of England and
Ireland after the global pandemic?
As per the view of Chernov and Sornette (2020), the impact of Covid 19 was so worst for
the company that surviving in the market become difficult for them. To survive in the market
Tesco adopted various survival strategy so that they can regain their market share after the global
crisis. Each and every company is looking for the approach which helps them to survive in the
market for longer time period. So most of the brands are developing to frame or implement best
survival strategy for them. The foremost strategy that Tesco used is hybrid strategy. In this
method they combine two strategies with one another that are cost leadership strategy and cost
differentiation strategy. As per the view of cost leadership strategy company reduce the cost of
production for their product as compared to the competitors. On the other side in context of cost
differentiation they produce variety of unique product and sale in the market so that they can
gain competitive advantage and can survive in the market (Taskov, 2020). The major reason for
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combining both the strategy is that customers, today are always looking for unique products at
reasonable prices. This strategy enables the business in having more customers as per their
competitors which will result in building strong brand image. Some of the most attractive
survival strategy that they use in the England and Ireland market are as:
Online delivering: This is one of the effective survival strategy that is used by the company. In
this Tesco start selling their product using network and technology (Kondratiuk, 2021). This is
also adopted by the company as it builds more trust among the customer towards the brand at the
time of Covid 19 crisis. Using this strategy company is also able to increase their market share as
the online sale of the company in England and Ireland rises . It has also identified that this is the
most vital survival strategy that Tesco adopted when running business becomes difficult for most
of the retail firm.
Complementary service: Another crucial approach that Tesco use at the time of Covid 19 is
providing complementary service to their buyers. In this company offers different product or
service to their customer in free of cost. They are giving complementary service for the purchase
made by the buyers through online app (Murphy and Murphy, 2018). This helps them to regain
their market share as most of the consumer are attracted toward the brand. Using the strategy of
complementary service also assist them to gain competitive edge from the rivalry and get more
market share.
Hygiene and safety strategy: The period of Covid 19 as so worst for the company that most of
the people are concerned about their health and safety. So to reduce the risk among the customer
and to survive in the market at the time of pandemic, Tesco adopted the strategy of Safety and
Hygiene approach. In this minimum contact is being made the employee with the customer.
Product are also being delivered using robots or technology so that fear of being caught by the
virus reduced (Lamba, 2022). This helps them to gain more customer as buyers are developing
trust among the brand and is ready to purchase food from Tesco.
Some of the other strategy that is designed by the Tesco plc to survive in the market of
England and Ireland at the time of Covid 19 Pandemic is one stop shopping place. Where buyers
can buy product using drive through. Another one is developing employee to the best so that they
can satisfy the customer in large manner.
The company is also adopting the retailing kind of business model in which goods are
purchased from manufacturer and are sold to the customers at such prices which are enough to
reasonable prices. This strategy enables the business in having more customers as per their
competitors which will result in building strong brand image. Some of the most attractive
survival strategy that they use in the England and Ireland market are as:
Online delivering: This is one of the effective survival strategy that is used by the company. In
this Tesco start selling their product using network and technology (Kondratiuk, 2021). This is
also adopted by the company as it builds more trust among the customer towards the brand at the
time of Covid 19 crisis. Using this strategy company is also able to increase their market share as
the online sale of the company in England and Ireland rises . It has also identified that this is the
most vital survival strategy that Tesco adopted when running business becomes difficult for most
of the retail firm.
Complementary service: Another crucial approach that Tesco use at the time of Covid 19 is
providing complementary service to their buyers. In this company offers different product or
service to their customer in free of cost. They are giving complementary service for the purchase
made by the buyers through online app (Murphy and Murphy, 2018). This helps them to regain
their market share as most of the consumer are attracted toward the brand. Using the strategy of
complementary service also assist them to gain competitive edge from the rivalry and get more
market share.
Hygiene and safety strategy: The period of Covid 19 as so worst for the company that most of
the people are concerned about their health and safety. So to reduce the risk among the customer
and to survive in the market at the time of pandemic, Tesco adopted the strategy of Safety and
Hygiene approach. In this minimum contact is being made the employee with the customer.
Product are also being delivered using robots or technology so that fear of being caught by the
virus reduced (Lamba, 2022). This helps them to gain more customer as buyers are developing
trust among the brand and is ready to purchase food from Tesco.
Some of the other strategy that is designed by the Tesco plc to survive in the market of
England and Ireland at the time of Covid 19 Pandemic is one stop shopping place. Where buyers
can buy product using drive through. Another one is developing employee to the best so that they
can satisfy the customer in large manner.
The company is also adopting the retailing kind of business model in which goods are
purchased from manufacturer and are sold to the customers at such prices which are enough to
earn profit. This will allow Tesco to be customer supportive and will help the company in having
a strong customer base.
Whether or not home delivery systems are successful in the post-pandemic era?
According to the view of Kathy Gramling, 2021, there is a negative impact which is seen on the
strategy adopted by the Tesco at the time of Covid 19. The home delivery system was so
unsuccessful that after the post pandemic era. This is because as TESCO is one of the British
multinational groceries and general merchandiser which is one of the third largest retailer. It
provides the customers with different types of the products and services through store as well as
through online platforms. During the time of the Covid -19 pandemic all most all business got
affected and home delivery facility to the customers were also not allowed for the certain time
period. As per the Kathy Gramling there were many reasons which led the business to shut down
the home delivery facility for certain period of time. In context to TESCO being a supermarket
company they provide customer with the perishable as well as non-perishable item. The one
which are perishable got destroyed which affected the profitability of the business as home
delivery was stopped for few period of time. So, For TESCO home delivery was unsuccessful as
it affect the overall performance of the company as well as profitability too (Sparks, 2018).
Through home delivery company used to add around 25% of its profit. As per the Ashish
Nainwal, 2020 all the business operation were affected some how during the COVID 19
pandemic times. As infection was spraeding so rapidly that the company was bound to follow the
government rules and regulation so it had to stop the home delivery services. Through this
services customers used to feel very convenient and easy to purchase the products. During the
pandemic time the most important aspects for the respective company was to give more focus on
employees health as well. Due to the rule of social distancing also the company need to stop the
service of home delivery for the customers. So, during the COVID 19 pandemic home delivery
for Tesco was unsuccessful as they faced lot of loss.
As per Denise Lee Yohn, 2020 after the certain time period, everything was getting normalised
and government authorities also become lien-ant with the home delivery services. the company
started the home delivery when the situation got little normalised. Proper precaution were
adopted by the respective company to deliver the products to the customers in their home such as
proper mask, sanitization, social distancing etc. With the changing time the company started
increase the profit as it provided home delivery facility as per the government rules and
a strong customer base.
Whether or not home delivery systems are successful in the post-pandemic era?
According to the view of Kathy Gramling, 2021, there is a negative impact which is seen on the
strategy adopted by the Tesco at the time of Covid 19. The home delivery system was so
unsuccessful that after the post pandemic era. This is because as TESCO is one of the British
multinational groceries and general merchandiser which is one of the third largest retailer. It
provides the customers with different types of the products and services through store as well as
through online platforms. During the time of the Covid -19 pandemic all most all business got
affected and home delivery facility to the customers were also not allowed for the certain time
period. As per the Kathy Gramling there were many reasons which led the business to shut down
the home delivery facility for certain period of time. In context to TESCO being a supermarket
company they provide customer with the perishable as well as non-perishable item. The one
which are perishable got destroyed which affected the profitability of the business as home
delivery was stopped for few period of time. So, For TESCO home delivery was unsuccessful as
it affect the overall performance of the company as well as profitability too (Sparks, 2018).
Through home delivery company used to add around 25% of its profit. As per the Ashish
Nainwal, 2020 all the business operation were affected some how during the COVID 19
pandemic times. As infection was spraeding so rapidly that the company was bound to follow the
government rules and regulation so it had to stop the home delivery services. Through this
services customers used to feel very convenient and easy to purchase the products. During the
pandemic time the most important aspects for the respective company was to give more focus on
employees health as well. Due to the rule of social distancing also the company need to stop the
service of home delivery for the customers. So, during the COVID 19 pandemic home delivery
for Tesco was unsuccessful as they faced lot of loss.
As per Denise Lee Yohn, 2020 after the certain time period, everything was getting normalised
and government authorities also become lien-ant with the home delivery services. the company
started the home delivery when the situation got little normalised. Proper precaution were
adopted by the respective company to deliver the products to the customers in their home such as
proper mask, sanitization, social distancing etc. With the changing time the company started
increase the profit as it provided home delivery facility as per the government rules and
guidelines. The customers also started to order online products keeping in mind the Covid 19
guidelines. Tesco also started earning profit form the home delivery as many customers where
deponent upon the home delivery facility that were provided by the company to its customers.
How should the online unit operate in order to maximise operational effectiveness and customer
relationships?
As stated by (Nica and Stehel, 2021) , there are various ways which are used with the aim of
enhancing the operational effectiveness and customer relationships. As per the market situation,
in today’s world the business is required to do work and function at good speed as everyone
wants to do more in less time. The companies are required to take care of the customers so that
better services can also be provided to them. Without customers the company will not be able to
survive in the market (Suppatvech, Godsell and Day,2019). That is why their time must be
managed properly so that they feel important. They are required to build a customer experience
strategy in order to attain the higher customer satisfaction. It can also be said that businesses
cannot exist without the support of the customers. If they have bad experience they will not
continue with the same company and that is why it is necessary to understand the taste of the
customers so that better modifications can be provided to the customers. Another way is to build
a better connection with the customers and also take feedbacks from time to time from them. It is
also must to act upon the customer feedback so that customers will be kept engaged in the
company. Furthermore, the idea of the customers must be considered so that the company will
be updated in relation to the current trends of the market.
According to (Kang, J., Diao, Z. and Zanini, M.T., 2020), after Covid-19 the choice of
people have changed as they prefer to shop online that is why the online grocery provides
various benefits to the customers. That is why the online grocery market is getting famous and it
is expanding at a rapid speed as compared to old and traditional ways of the market. As the main
goals of the online grocers is to make sure to keep the customers happy and satisfied by
providing the best quality grocery items directly to the customers at their doorstep in competitive
prices. Along with it, it provides the customer to order products from the company's websites as
per their time for the delivery. Another benefit is that it saves the time of the customers and they
can also easily compare prices also with the reviews from other brand before making any
purchase decision. It can also be seen that online grocery shops are more profitable for retailers
in relation to the sales of the products and services in the online platform. Additionally, at the
guidelines. Tesco also started earning profit form the home delivery as many customers where
deponent upon the home delivery facility that were provided by the company to its customers.
How should the online unit operate in order to maximise operational effectiveness and customer
relationships?
As stated by (Nica and Stehel, 2021) , there are various ways which are used with the aim of
enhancing the operational effectiveness and customer relationships. As per the market situation,
in today’s world the business is required to do work and function at good speed as everyone
wants to do more in less time. The companies are required to take care of the customers so that
better services can also be provided to them. Without customers the company will not be able to
survive in the market (Suppatvech, Godsell and Day,2019). That is why their time must be
managed properly so that they feel important. They are required to build a customer experience
strategy in order to attain the higher customer satisfaction. It can also be said that businesses
cannot exist without the support of the customers. If they have bad experience they will not
continue with the same company and that is why it is necessary to understand the taste of the
customers so that better modifications can be provided to the customers. Another way is to build
a better connection with the customers and also take feedbacks from time to time from them. It is
also must to act upon the customer feedback so that customers will be kept engaged in the
company. Furthermore, the idea of the customers must be considered so that the company will
be updated in relation to the current trends of the market.
According to (Kang, J., Diao, Z. and Zanini, M.T., 2020), after Covid-19 the choice of
people have changed as they prefer to shop online that is why the online grocery provides
various benefits to the customers. That is why the online grocery market is getting famous and it
is expanding at a rapid speed as compared to old and traditional ways of the market. As the main
goals of the online grocers is to make sure to keep the customers happy and satisfied by
providing the best quality grocery items directly to the customers at their doorstep in competitive
prices. Along with it, it provides the customer to order products from the company's websites as
per their time for the delivery. Another benefit is that it saves the time of the customers and they
can also easily compare prices also with the reviews from other brand before making any
purchase decision. It can also be seen that online grocery shops are more profitable for retailers
in relation to the sales of the products and services in the online platform. Additionally, at the
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time of Covid-19 pandemic, online grocery business builds more growth and success in the
market.
market.
CHAPTER 3: METHOD OF ANALYSIS
Research methodology is an significant part of the dissertation that helps the researcher in
identifying, choosing, processing and evaluating information related to the topic in an effective
manner. This particular section of methodology allows researcher to critically analyse the overall
reliability and validity of the research (Urcia, 2021). The methodology chapter of the research
helps in clearly defining about the research methods so that they gather and interpret information
related to the topic in a proper manner. It also helps in providing clear justification about the
used research methodologies in order to collect data about the topic in a systematic way. In this
following research, the researcher has used qualitative research method for assembling subjective
information for the topic in a more reliable manner. The following research methods used in the
research are explained as under:
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is a significant element of the research methodology that results in
gathering and interpreting data related to the topic in a proper manner. It is defined as the set of
principles and values which are related to the particular study and helps in managing the
objectives of the study (Thambinathan and Kinsella, 2021). Research philosophy can be
determined into two parts which are defined as positivism and interpretivism philosophies. In
carrying out the present investigation, the investigator has chosen interpretivism philosophy. The
main idea of using interpretivism philosophy is that it helps the investigator in gathering
subjective information related to the topic in a more reliable manner. This method is quite
effective for the researcher because this results in accumulating appropriate and authentic
information related to the research topic.
Research approach
Research approach is determined as an important part of the research which helps in
collecting data more effectively. It is defined as a process or procedure that helps in assembling
data about the topic in a more appropriate manner. This particular approach is classified into two
components which are deductive and inductive approaches (Holmlund, Witell and Gustafsson,
2020). For conducting the present research in an effective manner, the main focus of the
researcher is to use inductive approach. The main reason for using inductive approach in the
present research is that it helps in testing new relatable topic theories properly. This approach is
most suitable in analysing and gathering qualitative information and also helps in achieving the
Research methodology is an significant part of the dissertation that helps the researcher in
identifying, choosing, processing and evaluating information related to the topic in an effective
manner. This particular section of methodology allows researcher to critically analyse the overall
reliability and validity of the research (Urcia, 2021). The methodology chapter of the research
helps in clearly defining about the research methods so that they gather and interpret information
related to the topic in a proper manner. It also helps in providing clear justification about the
used research methodologies in order to collect data about the topic in a systematic way. In this
following research, the researcher has used qualitative research method for assembling subjective
information for the topic in a more reliable manner. The following research methods used in the
research are explained as under:
Research philosophy
Research philosophy is a significant element of the research methodology that results in
gathering and interpreting data related to the topic in a proper manner. It is defined as the set of
principles and values which are related to the particular study and helps in managing the
objectives of the study (Thambinathan and Kinsella, 2021). Research philosophy can be
determined into two parts which are defined as positivism and interpretivism philosophies. In
carrying out the present investigation, the investigator has chosen interpretivism philosophy. The
main idea of using interpretivism philosophy is that it helps the investigator in gathering
subjective information related to the topic in a more reliable manner. This method is quite
effective for the researcher because this results in accumulating appropriate and authentic
information related to the research topic.
Research approach
Research approach is determined as an important part of the research which helps in
collecting data more effectively. It is defined as a process or procedure that helps in assembling
data about the topic in a more appropriate manner. This particular approach is classified into two
components which are deductive and inductive approaches (Holmlund, Witell and Gustafsson,
2020). For conducting the present research in an effective manner, the main focus of the
researcher is to use inductive approach. The main reason for using inductive approach in the
present research is that it helps in testing new relatable topic theories properly. This approach is
most suitable in analysing and gathering qualitative information and also helps in achieving the
research aim and objectives. The researcher develops a theory instead of accepting the old
formed theory about the topic.
Research strategy
Research strategy is also considered as one of the important factor of the research
methodology that helps in acquiring relevant and appropriate information related to the topic. It
helps in providing direction about the research which includes the process of conducting the
research. Research strategy can be divided into several different parts which are known as
systematic literature review, survey, grounded theory, experimental research, case study and
many more (Camic, 2021). In the present investigation, the investigator has used systematic
literature review for carrying out the research. The reason for using systematic literature review
is that it helps in assembling correct and authentic information from different published sources
or websites about the project topic. This is considered to be the most suitable method for the
researcher in reflecting summarised information about the research objectives set by the
researcher properly.
Research choice
Research choice is an effective approach of research methodology that results in
acknowledging better and reliable information about the topic. It is the framework of information
that results in defining about the research objectives and in dealing with the changes in the topic
properly. There are mainly three methods related to research choice and are defined as mono
method, multi method and mixed method. In carrying out the present investigation in a proper
manner, the researcher has used mono method (Kibiswa, 2019). The reason for selecting mono
method is that it helps in gathering information related to either qualitative or quantitative data.
In the present research the researcher has used qualitative method as the research is based on
secondary data which is considered as a second hand data. Secondary data is more easy to derive
from different sources and results in gathering right and fair information about the selected
research topic.
Data collection
Data collection is an important method of the research methodology that results in
deriving better and authentic information for the selected topic. This particular tool is used for
collecting information from various sources so that the research objectives can be acquired
appropriately (Emiliussen and et. al., 2021). There are two elements that result in gathering
formed theory about the topic.
Research strategy
Research strategy is also considered as one of the important factor of the research
methodology that helps in acquiring relevant and appropriate information related to the topic. It
helps in providing direction about the research which includes the process of conducting the
research. Research strategy can be divided into several different parts which are known as
systematic literature review, survey, grounded theory, experimental research, case study and
many more (Camic, 2021). In the present investigation, the investigator has used systematic
literature review for carrying out the research. The reason for using systematic literature review
is that it helps in assembling correct and authentic information from different published sources
or websites about the project topic. This is considered to be the most suitable method for the
researcher in reflecting summarised information about the research objectives set by the
researcher properly.
Research choice
Research choice is an effective approach of research methodology that results in
acknowledging better and reliable information about the topic. It is the framework of information
that results in defining about the research objectives and in dealing with the changes in the topic
properly. There are mainly three methods related to research choice and are defined as mono
method, multi method and mixed method. In carrying out the present investigation in a proper
manner, the researcher has used mono method (Kibiswa, 2019). The reason for selecting mono
method is that it helps in gathering information related to either qualitative or quantitative data.
In the present research the researcher has used qualitative method as the research is based on
secondary data which is considered as a second hand data. Secondary data is more easy to derive
from different sources and results in gathering right and fair information about the selected
research topic.
Data collection
Data collection is an important method of the research methodology that results in
deriving better and authentic information for the selected topic. This particular tool is used for
collecting information from various sources so that the research objectives can be acquired
appropriately (Emiliussen and et. al., 2021). There are two elements that result in gathering
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information are known as primary and secondary approaches. In the present research, the
researcher has used secondary method for deriving information related to the topic. The reason
for using secondary method in the present research is that it helps in collecting and analysing
second hand information from authentic or published sources, online websites articles, journals
and many more. This is also considered as an appropriate method that helps in completing the
research in a timely manner.
Data analysis
Data analysis is also an effective approach that results in delivering appropriate results
related to the collection information about the topic. There are different methods related to data
analysis which are primarily known as thematic analysis, frequency distribution analysis and
many more. For conducting the current research in a significant manner, the researcher has
focused on using thematic analysis for assembling information about the topic (Ferrazzi and et.
al., 2019). The advantage of choosing thematic analysis in the current research is that it helps in
conducting the study related to the topic in a reliable manner. This method is useful in gathering
relevant information and in attaining the research objectives and goals.
Time horizon
Time horizon is also considered to be the most effective element of research
methodology that results in completing the whole research with relevant and appropriate
information. Time horizon can divided mainly in two parts which are defined as cross-sectional
and longitudinal methods. In the present carried on research, the researcher has focused on
selecting cross-sectional method for collecting information (Stewart and et. al., 2021). The
reason for selecting cross-sectional method is that it helps in deciding about the time frame for
carrying out each activity present in the research in an effective manner so that they deal with the
research problems effectively. This data is cost effective and helps in gathering and analysing
probable and appropriate data about the topic in a proper manner.
Ethical consideration
While conducting the research in an effective and appropriate manner, it is important for
the researcher to take care about all the rules and regulations that are required to be followed. It
is defined as the set of principles which helps in guiding the research practices and designs
(Corces-Zimmerman and Guida, 2019). There are certain norms and principles that researcher
researcher has used secondary method for deriving information related to the topic. The reason
for using secondary method in the present research is that it helps in collecting and analysing
second hand information from authentic or published sources, online websites articles, journals
and many more. This is also considered as an appropriate method that helps in completing the
research in a timely manner.
Data analysis
Data analysis is also an effective approach that results in delivering appropriate results
related to the collection information about the topic. There are different methods related to data
analysis which are primarily known as thematic analysis, frequency distribution analysis and
many more. For conducting the current research in a significant manner, the researcher has
focused on using thematic analysis for assembling information about the topic (Ferrazzi and et.
al., 2019). The advantage of choosing thematic analysis in the current research is that it helps in
conducting the study related to the topic in a reliable manner. This method is useful in gathering
relevant information and in attaining the research objectives and goals.
Time horizon
Time horizon is also considered to be the most effective element of research
methodology that results in completing the whole research with relevant and appropriate
information. Time horizon can divided mainly in two parts which are defined as cross-sectional
and longitudinal methods. In the present carried on research, the researcher has focused on
selecting cross-sectional method for collecting information (Stewart and et. al., 2021). The
reason for selecting cross-sectional method is that it helps in deciding about the time frame for
carrying out each activity present in the research in an effective manner so that they deal with the
research problems effectively. This data is cost effective and helps in gathering and analysing
probable and appropriate data about the topic in a proper manner.
Ethical consideration
While conducting the research in an effective and appropriate manner, it is important for
the researcher to take care about all the rules and regulations that are required to be followed. It
is defined as the set of principles which helps in guiding the research practices and designs
(Corces-Zimmerman and Guida, 2019). There are certain norms and principles that researcher
needs to consider for completing the research in a reliable manner. These principles are defined
as under:
Informed consent – Informed consent means that it is the responsibility of the researcher
to inform each and every information related to the research topic properly and taking
their consent for showing their active participation.
Voluntary participation – Voluntary participation means that it is the right of the
participant to take part in the research process and they can willingly take away their
name if they want to discontinue at any point of time (Poucher and et. al., 2020).
Confidentiality – Confidentiality means that the researcher has kept the personal
information related to the participants save in order to protect them from any malpractice.
It is important for the researcher to take care about the participants personal data so that
they feel safe and nobody gets hurt.
Do no harm – It is important for the researcher to take care about the participants
intention and feelings while conducting the study as this results in completing the
research in a more effective manner (de Villiers, Farooq and Molinari, 2021). This results
in knowing about the information gathered about the topic so that they deal with the
practices of the research regulations in an effective and precise manner.
Reliability and validity
Reliability is an important factor in the research methodology that results in checking
about the results and proficiency about the collected data in an effective manner. If the reliability
of the collected content is high than the researcher will feel satisfied that the collected data is
relevant and authentic (Goldsmith, 2021). Validity is another significant factor which results in
checking about the method how accurate it is. If validity of the research is high, than this means
that the derived results are corresponding with the real characteristics, properties and variations
in the social and physical world.
Limitations of the research
The limitations identified in the present research is that it is conducted through only
qualitative research method but quantitative method is also reliable in gathering right and
authentic information related to the research topic in an effective manner. Lack of time, high
cost, underutilisation of resources are also some of the limitations that the researcher face while
as under:
Informed consent – Informed consent means that it is the responsibility of the researcher
to inform each and every information related to the research topic properly and taking
their consent for showing their active participation.
Voluntary participation – Voluntary participation means that it is the right of the
participant to take part in the research process and they can willingly take away their
name if they want to discontinue at any point of time (Poucher and et. al., 2020).
Confidentiality – Confidentiality means that the researcher has kept the personal
information related to the participants save in order to protect them from any malpractice.
It is important for the researcher to take care about the participants personal data so that
they feel safe and nobody gets hurt.
Do no harm – It is important for the researcher to take care about the participants
intention and feelings while conducting the study as this results in completing the
research in a more effective manner (de Villiers, Farooq and Molinari, 2021). This results
in knowing about the information gathered about the topic so that they deal with the
practices of the research regulations in an effective and precise manner.
Reliability and validity
Reliability is an important factor in the research methodology that results in checking
about the results and proficiency about the collected data in an effective manner. If the reliability
of the collected content is high than the researcher will feel satisfied that the collected data is
relevant and authentic (Goldsmith, 2021). Validity is another significant factor which results in
checking about the method how accurate it is. If validity of the research is high, than this means
that the derived results are corresponding with the real characteristics, properties and variations
in the social and physical world.
Limitations of the research
The limitations identified in the present research is that it is conducted through only
qualitative research method but quantitative method is also reliable in gathering right and
authentic information related to the research topic in an effective manner. Lack of time, high
cost, underutilisation of resources are also some of the limitations that the researcher face while
conducting the study on a particular topic. Another limitation that researcher face is that they
face problem in collecting the data about the topic in an precise and efficient manner.
face problem in collecting the data about the topic in an precise and efficient manner.
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CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
Theme 1: Impact of Covid 19 on the business performance and productivity of Tesco plc in
England and Ireland
It has been discussed from the literature review that Covid-19 affects the performance
and productivity of the business in a negative manner and results in diminishing the growth level
of the company in the market of England and Ireland. Due to the situation of COVID-19 in the
business market, most of the companies leads to closure of their business operations because
they do not have efficient fund for sustaining in the market. Pandemic has created a tough
situation for both employees and employers as they have a fear in their mind of getting affected
by the virus (Nanda, Xu and Zhang, 2021). The motivation of employees also gets decreased in
the time of pandemic and this results in declining the performance and productivity of the
business in the competitive business environment. It is important for the business organisation to
deal with the tough situation and gets ways to improve the functioning of the operations so that
they earn high profitability am success in the market of England and Ireland. The business face
the problem of decreased growth and success as they are unable to retain customers in the market
for more period of time. The customers are not willing to purchase items from the traditional an
well online shops as they fear of getting infected by the deadly virus. The number of customers
for purchasing the company's products and services gets reduced as their proficiency to spend on
luxury goods gets reduced with the affect of pandemic in the business market. Less number of
customers generally results in less sales of goods and decreased profitability in the competitive
business market. It is necessary for the business to build a sense of trust among customers about
their essential and quality products are not risked by the virus. With the affect of pandemic, the
working environment of the company also gets negative which results in decreasing the overall
morale and motivation of employees. This also effects the working efficiency and performance
of employees in achieving the predetermined goals and objectives of the business in a more
appropriate manner. Selling products and delivering them at their doorstep is most effective for
customers as this reduces the contact of customers from another person and helps in dealing with
the tough situation in a better manner (Chen and et. al, 2021). This results in attracting more
number of customers in making online purchase for the specified products and services delivered
by the company in the competitive business market. Choosing the right marketing channel is also
important because this helps in reaching out to the right customers base and the right market to
Theme 1: Impact of Covid 19 on the business performance and productivity of Tesco plc in
England and Ireland
It has been discussed from the literature review that Covid-19 affects the performance
and productivity of the business in a negative manner and results in diminishing the growth level
of the company in the market of England and Ireland. Due to the situation of COVID-19 in the
business market, most of the companies leads to closure of their business operations because
they do not have efficient fund for sustaining in the market. Pandemic has created a tough
situation for both employees and employers as they have a fear in their mind of getting affected
by the virus (Nanda, Xu and Zhang, 2021). The motivation of employees also gets decreased in
the time of pandemic and this results in declining the performance and productivity of the
business in the competitive business environment. It is important for the business organisation to
deal with the tough situation and gets ways to improve the functioning of the operations so that
they earn high profitability am success in the market of England and Ireland. The business face
the problem of decreased growth and success as they are unable to retain customers in the market
for more period of time. The customers are not willing to purchase items from the traditional an
well online shops as they fear of getting infected by the deadly virus. The number of customers
for purchasing the company's products and services gets reduced as their proficiency to spend on
luxury goods gets reduced with the affect of pandemic in the business market. Less number of
customers generally results in less sales of goods and decreased profitability in the competitive
business market. It is necessary for the business to build a sense of trust among customers about
their essential and quality products are not risked by the virus. With the affect of pandemic, the
working environment of the company also gets negative which results in decreasing the overall
morale and motivation of employees. This also effects the working efficiency and performance
of employees in achieving the predetermined goals and objectives of the business in a more
appropriate manner. Selling products and delivering them at their doorstep is most effective for
customers as this reduces the contact of customers from another person and helps in dealing with
the tough situation in a better manner (Chen and et. al, 2021). This results in attracting more
number of customers in making online purchase for the specified products and services delivered
by the company in the competitive business market. Choosing the right marketing channel is also
important because this helps in reaching out to the right customers base and the right market to
target for selling the goods and services in the market of England and Ireland. Managing the
business operations smoothly and retaining the number of employees to work in the pandemic
situation is necessary for making the business running in the survival situation. Pandemic is an
uncertain situation which hampers the business process and its operations in a negative manner
and affects the performance and productivity of employees.
Theme 2: The survival strategy adopted by Tesco plc to survive in the market of England and
Ireland after the global pandemic
It has been discussed from the literature review that with the impact of pandemic on the
overall business performance has resulted in making the survival of the business difficult in the
market. For surviving in the tough pandemic situation it is important for the business to make a
survival strategy the helps them in carrying out its business operations properly for better growth
(Mirza and et. al, 2020). Every company is fighting and focusing on adopting strategies that are
fruitful and profitable for the business in the time of pandemic situation in an effective manner.
Selling products through online websites and social media marketing is the most suitable
approach for the business for retaining and gaining customers towards the business. It is
important for the business organisation to focus on customer changing needs and wants in the
time of pandemic so that they acquire more share in the market of England and Ireland for better
and enhanced productivity. By using online delivering option, the company can improve the
business productivity and performance of the business so that they deal with the Covid-19
situation in a proper manner. Providing complementary service to customers is also an effective
strategy that help Tesco in attracting and regaining number of potential customers for the
purchase of goods and services. This service helps in giving free of cost goods to customers so
that they eel that they important for the company and are considering their basic needs in the
time of pandemic. This results in regaining the share of market and customer base for dealing
with the business productivity in the business market (Yang, Chang and Wang, 2022). Using
suitable strategy of complementary service to customers helps in attaining high competitive
advantage for achieving competitiveness in the market and for gaining more market share in the
business. Providing hygiene and safety measures to the customer is also considered as an
appropriate survival strategy that helps in building trust among customers for purchase of
products and services of the company. Implementing safety and hygiene measures by Tesco
helps in reducing the chance of contact between tow persons and results in decreasing the impact
business operations smoothly and retaining the number of employees to work in the pandemic
situation is necessary for making the business running in the survival situation. Pandemic is an
uncertain situation which hampers the business process and its operations in a negative manner
and affects the performance and productivity of employees.
Theme 2: The survival strategy adopted by Tesco plc to survive in the market of England and
Ireland after the global pandemic
It has been discussed from the literature review that with the impact of pandemic on the
overall business performance has resulted in making the survival of the business difficult in the
market. For surviving in the tough pandemic situation it is important for the business to make a
survival strategy the helps them in carrying out its business operations properly for better growth
(Mirza and et. al, 2020). Every company is fighting and focusing on adopting strategies that are
fruitful and profitable for the business in the time of pandemic situation in an effective manner.
Selling products through online websites and social media marketing is the most suitable
approach for the business for retaining and gaining customers towards the business. It is
important for the business organisation to focus on customer changing needs and wants in the
time of pandemic so that they acquire more share in the market of England and Ireland for better
and enhanced productivity. By using online delivering option, the company can improve the
business productivity and performance of the business so that they deal with the Covid-19
situation in a proper manner. Providing complementary service to customers is also an effective
strategy that help Tesco in attracting and regaining number of potential customers for the
purchase of goods and services. This service helps in giving free of cost goods to customers so
that they eel that they important for the company and are considering their basic needs in the
time of pandemic. This results in regaining the share of market and customer base for dealing
with the business productivity in the business market (Yang, Chang and Wang, 2022). Using
suitable strategy of complementary service to customers helps in attaining high competitive
advantage for achieving competitiveness in the market and for gaining more market share in the
business. Providing hygiene and safety measures to the customer is also considered as an
appropriate survival strategy that helps in building trust among customers for purchase of
products and services of the company. Implementing safety and hygiene measures by Tesco
helps in reducing the chance of contact between tow persons and results in decreasing the impact
of Covid-19 in the business. Training and developing employees to survive in the tough
situations is also an approach that Tesco adopts for dealing with the business operations properly
and for capturing large share in the market with more number of customers. Offering healthy
products to customers helps in increasing the overall rate of profitability and revenue in the
competitive business market and also in making a strong presence in the market (Nanda, Xu and
Zhang, 2021). Customers are important from business point of view because they help in
contributing towards achieving high growth and success in the market in competition with other
competitor company existing in the market. Focusing on employee needs and wants is also
necessary as they helps in attracting and retaining customers towards the business for more
period of time in the market.
Theme 3: Influence of home delivery business model on organisational performance from a
Tesco's perspective.
It has been discussed from the literature review that delivering grocery or food items by
online delivery to the customer home is proved to be not that much fruitful and efficient. Home
delivery system in the tie of pandemic is not much effective and results in decreasing the overall
growth and success in the competitive market. Due to the lockdown by the UK government,
most of the businesses face issues in delivering products through online delivery method difficult
as they are not allowed to operate (Fernandez and et. al, 2018). This affects the overall
profitability of the business and results in decreasing the number of customers from the market.
In the time of Covid-19 pandemic, Tesco needs to follow all the important and significant rules
and regulations imposed by the government for reducing the impact of virus. As with the rising
cases of Covid-19 in England and Ireland, Tesco also focus on maintaining the health of
employees as well because they are an important asset of the company that helps in attracting
customers. Home delivery system is the most effective approach that helps in providing
convenience to customers and in making them fully satisfied for receiving the benefit. Pandemic
has reduced the home delivery process and results in affecting the customer motivation and
morale to stay with the business products and services in the long run. Stay at home orders and
social distancing also results in stopping the service for home delivery for customers in
purchasing the products and services in the market (Sufi and Ahmed, 2021). In the time of
pandemic, home delivery system results in facing a lots of issues and in decreasing the overall
profitability of the business. After sometime the business gets normalised in delivering the
situations is also an approach that Tesco adopts for dealing with the business operations properly
and for capturing large share in the market with more number of customers. Offering healthy
products to customers helps in increasing the overall rate of profitability and revenue in the
competitive business market and also in making a strong presence in the market (Nanda, Xu and
Zhang, 2021). Customers are important from business point of view because they help in
contributing towards achieving high growth and success in the market in competition with other
competitor company existing in the market. Focusing on employee needs and wants is also
necessary as they helps in attracting and retaining customers towards the business for more
period of time in the market.
Theme 3: Influence of home delivery business model on organisational performance from a
Tesco's perspective.
It has been discussed from the literature review that delivering grocery or food items by
online delivery to the customer home is proved to be not that much fruitful and efficient. Home
delivery system in the tie of pandemic is not much effective and results in decreasing the overall
growth and success in the competitive market. Due to the lockdown by the UK government,
most of the businesses face issues in delivering products through online delivery method difficult
as they are not allowed to operate (Fernandez and et. al, 2018). This affects the overall
profitability of the business and results in decreasing the number of customers from the market.
In the time of Covid-19 pandemic, Tesco needs to follow all the important and significant rules
and regulations imposed by the government for reducing the impact of virus. As with the rising
cases of Covid-19 in England and Ireland, Tesco also focus on maintaining the health of
employees as well because they are an important asset of the company that helps in attracting
customers. Home delivery system is the most effective approach that helps in providing
convenience to customers and in making them fully satisfied for receiving the benefit. Pandemic
has reduced the home delivery process and results in affecting the customer motivation and
morale to stay with the business products and services in the long run. Stay at home orders and
social distancing also results in stopping the service for home delivery for customers in
purchasing the products and services in the market (Sufi and Ahmed, 2021). In the time of
pandemic, home delivery system results in facing a lots of issues and in decreasing the overall
profitability of the business. After sometime the business gets normalised in delivering the
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products and services of the business by home delivery when the government issues orders for
delivering products at the doorstep of the business. For maintaining the safety of both employees
and customers, the business organisation adopts proper sanitisation process, proper mask, social
distancing process. With the changing time, the business can earn high profitability and
productivity in the company according to the government norms and regulations in the business.
The company also focus on delivering products through online websites and social media
network so that they achieve high productivity and revenue in the market to the potential
customers. In the time of pandemic when customers are not allowed to move out due to the
lockdown restriction, online delivery method is most suitable for delivering the sustained
products and services in the market (Dicuonzo and et. al, 2022). It is necessary for the company
to provide all basic items for customers so that they get all the benefits and also listen to their
problems so that they deal with the tough marketing situations in a proper manner. Customers are
proficient in gaining more reliability and validity so that they deal with the competitiveness
present in the market for high growth and success.
Theme 4: Online unit operate in order to maximise operational effectiveness and customer
relationships
It has been discussed from the literature review that there are different ways for
improving the customer relationships and operational effectiveness in the competitive business
market in the time of pandemic. It is important for Tesco to take care of their customers in a
proper way because they are prominent customers for which they do business and sells products
in the market. Managing and understanding the basic needs of customers with the changing
scenario due to the pandemic is effective in knowing about the business productivity so that they
develop in the right manner (Aithal and Aithal, 2019). Building customer experience is more
important for the business because this helps the company in gaining high profitability and
growth in the competitive business market. Maintaining better customer relations with the
customers is also important for retaining the customers with the business in the tough time like
the situation of Covid-19 pandemic. This can be done by listening to their problems properly and
by acknowledging true feedbacks from the business so that they feel that they are important for
the business in the long run. In the time of Covid-19 pandemic, the company focus more
providing products through online sites or portals to the customers with the affect of lockdown
situation so that they develop high growth. Selecting the right channel for marketing goods and
delivering products at the doorstep of the business. For maintaining the safety of both employees
and customers, the business organisation adopts proper sanitisation process, proper mask, social
distancing process. With the changing time, the business can earn high profitability and
productivity in the company according to the government norms and regulations in the business.
The company also focus on delivering products through online websites and social media
network so that they achieve high productivity and revenue in the market to the potential
customers. In the time of pandemic when customers are not allowed to move out due to the
lockdown restriction, online delivery method is most suitable for delivering the sustained
products and services in the market (Dicuonzo and et. al, 2022). It is necessary for the company
to provide all basic items for customers so that they get all the benefits and also listen to their
problems so that they deal with the tough marketing situations in a proper manner. Customers are
proficient in gaining more reliability and validity so that they deal with the competitiveness
present in the market for high growth and success.
Theme 4: Online unit operate in order to maximise operational effectiveness and customer
relationships
It has been discussed from the literature review that there are different ways for
improving the customer relationships and operational effectiveness in the competitive business
market in the time of pandemic. It is important for Tesco to take care of their customers in a
proper way because they are prominent customers for which they do business and sells products
in the market. Managing and understanding the basic needs of customers with the changing
scenario due to the pandemic is effective in knowing about the business productivity so that they
develop in the right manner (Aithal and Aithal, 2019). Building customer experience is more
important for the business because this helps the company in gaining high profitability and
growth in the competitive business market. Maintaining better customer relations with the
customers is also important for retaining the customers with the business in the tough time like
the situation of Covid-19 pandemic. This can be done by listening to their problems properly and
by acknowledging true feedbacks from the business so that they feel that they are important for
the business in the long run. In the time of Covid-19 pandemic, the company focus more
providing products through online sites or portals to the customers with the affect of lockdown
situation so that they develop high growth. Selecting the right channel for marketing goods and
services is the most effective strategy that helps in maximising the operational effectiveness of
the business in the long run (Engidaw, 2022). Happy and satisfied customers are more productive
for the business because they stay with the company for more period of time in the tough
situation also as they get attached with the product and this results in capturing more share in the
market. The main purpose of online grocery store is to provide products purchased by the
customers to their doorsteps in order to reduce the contact among them (Toleuuly and et. al,
2020). This results in reducing the affect of pandemic from the life of both customers and
business in the long run. Online shopping saves the time of customers as they do not need to
travel from one place to another for buying their particular products and services from the online
store. Online stores also provides customers with special and attractive discounts on specified
products so that customers gets attracted towards the product for buying purpose.
the business in the long run (Engidaw, 2022). Happy and satisfied customers are more productive
for the business because they stay with the company for more period of time in the tough
situation also as they get attached with the product and this results in capturing more share in the
market. The main purpose of online grocery store is to provide products purchased by the
customers to their doorsteps in order to reduce the contact among them (Toleuuly and et. al,
2020). This results in reducing the affect of pandemic from the life of both customers and
business in the long run. Online shopping saves the time of customers as they do not need to
travel from one place to another for buying their particular products and services from the online
store. Online stores also provides customers with special and attractive discounts on specified
products so that customers gets attracted towards the product for buying purpose.
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Kondratiuk, O., 2021. Business strategy for Agricultural cooperative" Berry Partner".
Lamba, E.J., 2022. The effect of social exchange relationships on peer reporting fraudulent
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Meyer, P., 2022. Structure of the Dissertation. In Managing Robotics in Retail (pp. 23-25).
Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden.
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Nica, E. and Stehel, V., 2021. Internet of things sensing networks, artificial intelligence-
based decision-making algorithms, and real-time process monitoring in sustainable
industry 4.0. Journal of Self-Governance and Management Economics, 9(3), pp.35-47.
Poucher, Z.A., and et. al., 2020. Thinking through and designing qualitative research studies: A
focused mapping review of 30 years of qualitative research in sport
psychology. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), pp.163-186.
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analytics: a decision process guide. Journal of Business Analytics, 4(2), pp.155-170.
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the EU and the UK.
Thambinathan, V. and Kinsella, E.A., 2021. Decolonizing methodologies in qualitative research:
Creating spaces for transformative praxis. International Journal of Qualitative
Methods, 20, p.16094069211014766.
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practices efficiently drive improvements. Journal of Manufacturing Technology
Management.
Urcia, I.A., 2021. Comparisons of Adaptations in Grounded Theory and Phenomenology:
Selecting the Specific Qualitative Research Methodology. International Journal of
Qualitative Methods, 20, p.16094069211045474.
Veling, L. and McGinn, C., 2021. Qualitative research in HRI: A review and
taxonomy. International Journal of Social Robotics, 13(7), pp.1689-1709.
Ward, M.R. and Delamont, S. eds., 2020. Handbook of qualitative research in education.
Edward Elgar Publishing.
Williams-McBean, C.T., 2019. The value of a qualitative pilot study in a multi-phase mixed
methods research. The Qualitative Report, 24(5), pp.1055-1064.
Yoon, D. and Woo, S.S., 2020, October. Who is Delivering My Food? Detecting Food Delivery
Abusers using Variational Reward Inference Networks. In Proceedings of the 29th
ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management (pp. 2917-
2924).
Zhu, M., Sari, A. and Lee, M.M., 2018. A systematic review of research methods and topics of
the empirical MOOC literature (2014–2016). The Internet and Higher Education, 37,
pp.31-39.
Nanda, A., Xu, Y. and Zhang, F., 2021. How would the COVID-19 pandemic reshape retail real
estate and high streets through acceleration of E-commerce and digitalization?. Journal
of Urban Management, 10(2), pp.110-124.
Chen, J., and et. al, 2021. The challenges of COVID-19 control policies for sustainable
development of business: Evidence from service industries. Technology in Society, 66,
p.101643.
Mirza, N., and et. al, 2020. Impact of Covid-19 on corporate solvency and possible policy
responses in the EU. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance.
Yang, F.A., Chang, H.H. and Wang, J.H., 2022. The economic impact of the COVID‐19
pandemic on the Taiwanese food industry: Empirical evidence using business transaction
data. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73(2), pp.376-395.
Fernandez, A.I., and et. al, 2018. Distinctive competencies and competency-based management
in regulated sectors: A methodological proposal applied to the pharmaceutical retail
sector in Spain. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 42, pp.29-36.
Sufi, T. and Ahmed, S., 2021. Surviving COVID-19 crisis by new business models: a case study
of the Indian restaurant industry. In Handbook of Research on Entrepreneurship,
Innovation, Sustainability, and ICTs in the Post-COVID-19 Era (pp. 301-316). IGI
Global.
Aithal, P.S. and Aithal, S., 2019. Management of ICCT underlying technologies used for digital
service innovation. International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social
Sciences (IJMTS), 4(2), pp.110-136.
Toleuuly, A., and et. al, 2020. Features of e-commerce risk management in modern
conditions. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 19(1), pp.1-6.
Engidaw, A.E., 2022. Small businesses and their challenges during COVID-19 pandemic in
developing countries: in the case of Ethiopia. Journal of innovation and
entrepreneurship, 11(1), pp.1-14.
Dicuonzo, G., and et. al, 2022. The role of transformational entrepreneurship in managing a
digital platform: the case of Yamamay. Journal of Strategy and Management.
Nanda, A., Xu, Y. and Zhang, F., 2021. How would the COVID-19 pandemic reshape retail real
estate and high streets through acceleration of E-commerce and digitalization?. Journal of
Urban Management, 10(2), pp.110-124.
digital platform: the case of Yamamay. Journal of Strategy and Management.
Nanda, A., Xu, Y. and Zhang, F., 2021. How would the COVID-19 pandemic reshape retail real
estate and high streets through acceleration of E-commerce and digitalization?. Journal of
Urban Management, 10(2), pp.110-124.
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