The Contemporary Travel and Tourism Industry

This report discusses the key milestones and factors that have contributed to the improvement of the travel and tourism industry. It explores the interrelationship between various factors in developing tourism experiences. The report also examines the different factors that affect tourism behavior and demonstrates models of motivation and their influence on consumer decision making. Additionally, it determines the present and emerging patterns and trends in the international travel and tourism industry.

THE CONTEMPORARY
TRAVEL AND TOURISM
INDUSTRY

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Identify key milestones for improvement of travel and tourism industry along with their
roles in structuring of the industry..........................................................................................3
P2 Various factors of tourism and travel industry and their interrelationship for developing
tourism experiences................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Find out different factors that affects tourism behaviour..................................................5
P4 demonstrate models of motivation and how they influence consumer’s decision making
process....................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P5 Determine present and emerging patterns along with trends in context of international
travel and tourism industry.....................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P6 Analyse the component that affects popularity of global destinations..............................9
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism refers to a recreational activity which is the part of people’s lives as
well as part of economy in term of development. In Morden scenario of tourism become the
main reason of development (Ron and Timothy, 2018). In which the present report is based on
presentation with regards to destinations that represents various historical developments in travel
and tourism industry. Cosmos is one that operates in UK independently in order to provide
different package of holidays to citizens. They’re having international travelling groups too and
it was founded in year 1928, headquarter in Switzerland. In this present report discussion about
key elements that combined to provide a better tourism experience is carried out. Further, various
factors that affects the overall behaviour of tourism along with model of motivation that possess
power to influence consumer decision making is covered. At the end determination of current
and evolving trends at global travel and tourism is assessed along with various factors that can
effects the popularity of global destination are included.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1 Identify key milestones for improvement of travel and tourism industry along with their roles
in structuring of the industry.
Main factors that assess travel and tourism industry for increasing the attraction of
consumers towards tourist destinations:
Legislations: The government of UK introduced so many important laws over some years
on travel and tourism industry. In which it has been development of tourism act 1969. Which is
having an aim to coordinate entire company within section of tourism sector (Saarinen, Rogerson
and Hall, 2019). This act provides establishment of obligation related to British tourist and board
for Scotland England as well as approaches by which responsibility can be promoted for the
development of tourism in Great Britain. Along with this it also delivers several financial
assistance from the fund of public for the facility of new hotels and for other creations of
sleeping lodgings. All that are provided the way of business or trade. Besides that there is
expansion of air passenger’s responsibility that imposed tax by governance from all travellers

that are moving outside from UK and this was eliminate the various life of economies and that
represented as removal obstacles for development of tourism environment .
Product development: There are so many development with the utilisation of vacation like
by using holiday package 1949. In which it includes all food facility along with transportations
for the tourist. Moreover there also have been a technological development in 1990 that can be
used by the travel and tourism industry. For instance internet that has transformed the way by
which people are using for traveling products. Call centre is also developed that are extremely
used by the travel holiday companies. In addition to this, digital and cable TV that are selling
travelling commodities.
Transport development: In context of travel and tourism industry there is a development
of transport and convenience facilities as there is an introduction of air transportation services
since year 1950 (Mbaiwa, 2017). Further there are various people who are having preferences of
bus and cars for roaming across different part of the world.
Lifestyle changes: There have been lifestyle changes due to which the income of the
people has increased. The trend is that they can consume their vacations before timing along with
travel and tourism industries this is because it consist high percentage of people with low
incomes they are not wishing to defrayal there vacations on activities related to reservation. For
this individual or visitors have wide range of benefits like they can save their times and
household income as they possess relaxation time to bask their longer and shorter vacations with
friends and family.
P2 Various factors of tourism and travel industry and their interrelationship for developing
tourism experiences.
In context of this there are three elementary components of tourism that are also
determined important factors of tourism and all theses are as described below:
Accessibility: It refers to an ability of reaching with relation to a specific destination with
the help of various modes of facility of transportation. It is considered as to be harmless and
comfy then only people will prefer travelling. In current scenarios there are various major means
of transportations like railways, airlines, water transportations, along with road (Sadeh and
Garkaz, 2019). The carriage for tourist is present at various destinations that aids them by
guiding about a specific destinations that they will cover that place within a small period of time
as well as in affordable rate with in each segments.

Accommodation: It tends a place where guest or visitors find shelter and food during
travelling or trip on the basis of their position that they are inclined to pay. It can be alter from
normal to 7 star hotel and these hotels are considered as luxury that are being provided by a
specific brand. In context of this large number of choice are available for visitors at a specific
destinations to maintain is its attractiveness.
Attraction: It has been seen that it is the most important and essential components that
will influence and attract large number of tourism. It leads to desire of an individual for
travelling a specific destinations. In which the local is another basis component that holds
various destinations which offers natural attractions.
There is high interrelation between among these three above mentioned elements like a
specific destinations is well accessible but not consist any accommodations for captivating
facilities and that might not be the desirable decision for most of visitors (Almeida, Teixeira
and Franco, 2019). Apart from this, a specific decision consist all facilities related with the
accommodations facilities and quality but will not have easy accessibility then again it will leads
towards adverse effects on popularity of destinations. So it convert to very important for a
specific destination to take care all of these factors while making any plan of expansion. As it
become highest peak for maintaining the attractiveness of alike destinations for whole tourist.
TASK 2
P3 Find out different factors that affects tourism behaviour.
There are several component that are liked with behaviour of tourism and some of the
components are obstinate beneath:
Pleasing weather: Tourist across entire world is inclined to possess some trends regarding
appropriate weather towards warm sushine. That is very crucial towards attractiveness of tourism
destinations. A present weather plays vital function in devising entire vacation very captivating
and a beautiful experience (Camilleri, 2018). Tourists from numerous nations with exciting
atmosphere are ready to enjoy places where the weather is fine. There are many resorts on sea
coast such as Sri Lanka, Island, Australia, Philippines and many more other countries that devour
grateful beaches are the examples of enchanting for tourist destinations.
Scenic attractions: It is one of the essential component in tourism aspect as scenes dwell
lake, water forest, deserts and Mountain which acts as powerful forces in order to graph more

peoples for visiting a special destination. It Propose that thousands of citizens are fascinated to
northern slopes of Alps in Switzerland and southern slopes of Italy's mountains of Nepal ahead
in Austria are large allures for tourists.
Tourism education: The magnitude of time for a specific tourist is educated as they are
consenting to explore many places because they posses more peculiarity and wants to get
knowledge about various places. Many of alike tourists are well aware of a special knowledge
that they have more preferences for these terminuses.
Social factor: There are certain kind of social factor that may influence the behaviours of
an individual about destination or visiting a specific nation. In context of this, the social media
can lead to an individual for making decision about visiting a specific place by which they will
get various opinion about culture, if an individual has altered cultural belief and social facts and
wish to research many places, but they are inadequate to confident cultural belief, then they are
ready to investigate alike places in which equality and the identical culture exist(Femenia-Serra,
Neuhofer and Ivars-Baidal, 2019). Therefore many social and cultural features are as well a
outstanding aspect while the person is devising decisions about a precise tourist destination.
From the above discussed two components, it can be said that it consist two different types
of behaviours i.e. internal and external behaviour and both are obstinate below:
Intrinsic behaviour
This behaviour supply a extreme level satisfaction and delectation for a given tourist,
enjoys all activities, and is a motivating factor for more than one such trip in a year. So it
provides benefits to both industry and individual.
Extrinsic behaviour
This tends to that behaviour in which respective peoples consist lower enjoyment with
regards to trip and that tour does not meet the expected satisfaction. They are very tense and
cannot enjoy their vacation. They are usually reluctant to revisit the same place, and this can
affect different future visits to altered or the similar tourist destinations.
P4 demonstrate models of motivation and how they influence consumer’s decision making
process.
It has been found that there are various theories and model which affects the whole
consumer decision making procedure. In existing context there is a explantation of ERG
motivation theory:

Existence needs: It includes certain psychological and physical wants for water, foods,
shelter, cloths, safety and security needs. This is the extend theory of Maslow’s model in which
it includes initial two stages of needs (Giap, Gopala and Ye, 2016). This full fill the basic needs
of specific tourism that they desires in suitable manner.
Relatedness needs: This is related with the relationship of an individual with their superior
that can be either friend or family. Cosmos is a tourist brand that is trying to each out public that
enables recognise the relatedness needs of their target market. On the basis of their groups of
known ones, they select a specific destination place
Growth needs: In this need consumer desire self-development along with personal growth.
In which the tourist are much creative and flunk to enhance their decision by devising best
utilization of acquirable external resources. Apart from basic niceties, tourist are more prepared
to posses thing that lead them towards improvement and offers better experiences. It is precise
and crucial elements as guests are more willing to diagnose and that aids them in improvement
along with success that give outcome that is totally different experience from past destination
trips. It recognised several tourism destinations too for identification of target market and by
which they will able to attract ample tourist.
TASK 3
P5 Determine present and emerging patterns along with trends in context of international travel
and tourism industry.
With the developed world there are various places of destination in UK like many place in
England, North Ireland, and Scotland. In which UK has petition with its varied scenery and rich
culture heritage.
The current report carries discussion about London destinations which is a beautiful place
that attract ample numbers of tourist. Tower of bridge, River Thames, Buckingham palace,
Crown Jewels, Big Ben, natural history museum and many more are the destination options
available for London visitors (Guiney, 2018). In which there are various important efforts that
can be made by the travel and tourism in order to increase the scenarios of London by
considering some merging trends as follows:
Growing appetite: Nobel migration has been on the rise since 2018, with a 6% increase in
region of the world. Many accommodation providers and tourism businesses have the

opportunity to enhance the quality and cost of accommodation services, resulting in a preference
for short breaks as well as longer holidays. In London, the hospitality sector could pint point on
improving the service quality in order to attract more tourists.
Convenience booking: Convenience is very essential to today’s customer, and technology
is a outstanding assistant in this section. In 2018, the size of consumer travel was surveyed,
where 69% of respondents mentioned that comfort is one of the most important considerations
when reserving a holiday. As a result of technology, the customer experience has been
seamlessly booked, and it is a very crucial research tool that can aid in shaping the culture of
suitability bookings.
Experiential tourism: The economy is growing rapidly and end users are more accepting
of generic brands and the services offered by various brands. They are consenting to mortal
more authentic and richer experience (Haraldsson and Ólafsdóttir, 2018). The CEO of the
London tourism sector can pay more attention to passing on the experience of new culture and
venues so that passenger can mention that this is an prestigious factor during deciding on a
particular holiday decision.
Affordable luxury: Due to the technology, bookings are less stressful and disrupt the
traditional Marketplace. There are more and more accommodations and various agents are
increasing the opportunity for consumers to trade at an affordable price. There is a more
democratic luxury nation, and this has led buyers to opt for luxury alternative and pay extra
money. Thus, it also results in London tourist destinations offering more opportunities to
improve the luxury occurrence of their end users for that they are willing to pay a definite higher
amount, this results in greater profitability in tourist destinations. The latest developments are
designed to enrich the Thames boating experience, resulting in higher revenue.
Personalisation: Travellers feel better when they plan and book their reservations
themselves. They are willing to get destinations that are really flexible and meet their needs. 43%
of responder accept they would rather have a individualized holiday promotion activity and
notification that makes it easier to plan their trip (Olafsdottir, 2018). A number of customizable
travel and tourism packages can be created to pull more people towards London.
Responsible tourism: There is a growing consensus among travellers as they offer new
openings to providers who have a greater interest in and awareness of economic, social and
environmental impacts on travel.

Future trends in tour and tourist industry:
Robotic technology: A technology comes that totally changes or transfer travel and
tourism industry and that is robotic technology. This will aid in utilisation of pre-screening and
contemporaries of ready time to become more productive for tourist. Along with this, the use of
this updated technology will aid company in attracting more tourist.
Virtual reality: In current scenario there is use of virtual reality success and for this social
media is presents which includes Facebook, Instagram snap chat that becomes very useful in
understanding the demands and requirements of consumers on the basis of individualized pages
and posts with the aim of pulling ample number of tourist for a specific destination.
TASK 4
P6 Analyse the component that affects popularity of global destinations.
There are various component that influence tourism industry in which some puts impacts
for longer period while other puts immediate impacts. Factors affecting wide range of tourism
destination are as follows:
Environment: When destination offers suitable climate, then it will be the best tourism.
When any changes is arise in climate like, flash floods, winds, droughts or extreme changes in
climate situations that may effects and reduces visitors for visiting destination (Rosselló, Becken
and Santana-Gallego, 2020). For instance, India is a south Asia in which people cannot visit at
the time of harsh summers.
Nation economy: When a nation is facing problems with unemployment or some any
other turbulence then it also affects the tourism too in negative way. Alternatively, if economy of
nation reaches its high that time people are willing to pay more money on regulation activities
and due to this tourism industry will gain progress.
Religious importance of tourism: There are few places that are well famous for the
tourism as of spiritual importance. In context of this many peoples are willing to visit some
pilgrimage destination in order to find inner peace as well as for receiving blessing of divinities
they are adoring. For instance, Mecca is one of the most famous religious place for tourism
destinations.
Technology: Due to the advancement in technology, there is a incursion of internet
across every corner of the world. In which the tourist enjoy all advantage like internet. They

carry out certain sources with the aim of planning a trip and received whole idea related to
various place that they wish to visit. The qualities of amenities and services acts as the particular
sources of attraction of visitors for specific place. Along with it, the honest review given by
visitors on social media and sites works as a guideline for prospective tourist. Therefore, many
platforms of social media plays vital role in encouraging top tourists for visiting particular place.
Historical importance: There are so many destination across globe which are famous
because of their history or cultural importance (Papatheodorou and Pappas, 2017). If any
destination holds high culture significance then tourist will attract more as well as organisation
destination wedding for roaming such kind of places with the aim of knowing history as well as
for seeing monuments, weapons, interior structures etc. for example, pyramid of Gaza in Egypt is
most of the most famous place in context of culture importance along with it, acropolis in Athens
Greece and Began city in Burma.
CONCLUSION
From above discussed report it has been analysed that, there are various key milestones in
travel and tourism industry that aids industry in decisive the overall characteristics. In which it
consist various factors that indicates to creations of better tourism occurrence for individuals
around various parts of whole world. Along with this, there are adverse components that puts
impacts on behaviours of tourism which includes increasing weather conditions, social factors
and tourist educations. Beside that there are two types of basic behaviour in which the primal is
intrinsic and the other is extrinsic. In order to determine the influence behaviour of consumers a
motivation theory is applied i.e. ERG theory in relation to selecting a specific destinations. There
is determination of latest patterns and trends at global tourism industry. All this is detailed
summary of various aspects and factors that possess power to influence the quality of a particular
international tourism destination.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Almeida, A., Teixeira, S. J. and Franco, M., 2019. Uncovering the factors impacting visitor’s
satisfaction: evidence from a portfolio of events. International Journal of Event and
Festival Management.
Camilleri, M. A., 2018. The tourism industry: An overview. In Travel marketing, tourism
economics and the airline product (pp. 3-27). Springer, Cham.
Femenia-Serra, F., Neuhofer, B. and Ivars-Baidal, J. A., 2019. Towards a conceptualisation of
smart tourists and their role within the smart destination scenario. The Service Industries
Journal. 39(2). pp.109-133.
Giap, T. K., Gopalan, S. and Ye, Y., 2016. Drivers of growth in the travel and tourism industry
in Malaysia: A Geweke causality analysis. Economies. 4(1). p.3.
Guiney, T., 2018. “Hug‐an‐orphan vacations”:“Love” and emotion in orphanage tourism. The
Geographical Journal. 184(2). pp.125-137.
Haraldsson, H. V. and Ólafsdóttir, R., 2018. Evolution of tourism in natural destinations and
dynamic sustainable thresholds over time. Sustainability. 10(12). p.4788.
Khoo-Lattimore, C. and Wilson, E. eds., 2017.
Khoo-Lattimore, C. and Wilson, E. eds., 2017. Women and travel: Historical and contemporary
perspectives. CRC Press.
Mbaiwa, J. E., 2017. Poverty or riches: who benefits from the booming tourism industry in
Botswana?. Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 35(1). pp.93-112.
Olafsdottir, R., 2018. Evolution of Tourism in Natural Destinations and Dynamic Sustainable
Thresholds over Time.
Papatheodorou, A. and Pappas, N., 2017. Economic recession, job vulnerability, and tourism
decision making: A qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of Travel Research. 56(5). pp.663-
677.
Ron, A. S. and Timothy, D. J., 2018. Contemporary Christian travel: Pilgrimage, practice and
place. Channel View Publications.
Rosselló, J., Becken, S. and Santana-Gallego, M., 2020. The effects of natural disasters on
international tourism: A global analysis. Tourism management. 79. p. 104080.
Saarinen, J., Rogerson, C. M. and Hall, C. M. eds., 2019. Tourism planning and development:
contemporary cases and emerging issues. Routledge.
Sadeh, E. and Garkaz, M., 2019. Interpretive structural modeling of quality factors in both
medical and hospitality services in the medical tourism industry. Journal of Travel &
Tourism Marketing. 36(2). pp.253-267.