The Impact of Technology on the Travel and Tourism Sector in the UK: A Research Proposal

This research proposal examines the profound impact of technology on the travel and tourism sector in the UK. It explores the evolution of the industry, highlighting the key role of technology in driving growth and innovation. The proposal delves into the importance of technology in various aspects of tourism, including online booking platforms, mobile applications, social media marketing, and customer service. It also analyzes the challenges and opportunities presented by technological advancements, such as data security, ethical considerations, and the need for a skilled workforce. The research aims to provide insights into the current state of technology in the UK tourism sector, identify emerging trends, and offer recommendations for future development.

RESEARCH PROPOSAL
NAME OF THE STUDENT
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY
STUDENT’S ID
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Contents
Chapter 1....................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................3
1.2 Background..........................................................................................................................3
1.3 Aim of the research..............................................................................................................3
1.4 Objectives of the research....................................................................................................4
1.5 Scope of the research...........................................................................................................5
Chapter 2 Literature Review......................................................................................................6
Introduction................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Importance of technology in travel and tourism sector........................................................6
2.2 Influence of technology in travel and tourism sector...........................................................7
2.3 Issues faced due to implementation of technology in the travel and tourism sector............8
2.4 strategies of overcoming these issues caused due to technology in the travel and tourism
sector........................................................................................................................................10
Chapter 3: Methodology..........................................................................................................11
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................................11
3.2 Research philosophy..........................................................................................................11
3.3 Data collection process......................................................................................................11
3.4 Sampling method...............................................................................................................12
3.5 Sample size.........................................................................................................................12
3.7 Summary............................................................................................................................12
4.1 Conclusion..........................................................................................................................13
4.2 Recommendation................................................................................................................14
4.3 Limitation of the research..................................................................................................14
4.4 Future Scope.......................................................................................................................15
Reference list............................................................................................................................16
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Chapter 1
1.1 Introduction
The most common trending business since 2000s is the business of travel and tourism.
Business marketing says the most important goal of a business is to satisfy customers from
different aspect of their activities which Travel organizations provide the tourist with simpler
universal solution according to their needs. This helps in development of the Travel and
tourism sector with more focused goal of increasing customer obsession. The development of
technology impact the operations of business. On the other hand, explorers are increasing in a
very dynamic way in every possible means- the most common being the use of web. Sources
available with the customers to communicate with the travel and tourism industry increases
with increase in use of mobile application as it’s the convenient way to exchange ideas and
different options to switch between different purpose of travel by comparing on different
websites. Online payment modes increase the efficiency rate of transactions and
instantaneous booking and cancelation as per requirements.
1.2 Background
In the early ages, chariots were the major travel on land and small boats to travel across seas
but gradual increase in technology has changed both the choice and mode of travel. In the
eighteen century, Royal mail Ship (RMS) from UK emerged with huge sailing ships (ocean
liners) with luxurious amenities onboard where the mode of communication was signals over
radio and frequency. Invention of different communications has change the way of operation
such as radio signals is replaced by telephonic communication. During 20th century,
transportation using fastest mode was preferable which made the air transport to grow at an
exponential rate. Control techniques and invention of new equipment’s including use of
Turbo power had a great influence on travel. Rather than mode of travel, way of booking any
accommodations can change from the early days. Travelers can book any hotel according to
their budget or choice of different factors like stars and amenities by comparing on the
different web sites of different travel agencies.
1.3 Aim of the research
The most important and prominent role of technology in this field is to achieve economic
growth. Considering the changes in behaviour in tourism industry due to external factors or
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natural incidents has made this system sectored and hence evolvement of IT has a great
impact. Marketing strategies of travel industry has changed from application to online
reservations which reduced the involvement of third party seller and hence providing traveler
a certain reduce of cost with increase numbers of customers thus leading to the growth of
business. Although risks are also involved in this kind as online transactions could result in
break of payment gateway which could impact the customer negatively but the ratio of such
activities would significantly low with some major preventions from both end. The last-
minute portals help the customers to redefine their purpose and organize in a more systematic
way preventing any kind of distress situations including sudden fare hike and non-acceptance
of currency in case of international travel. The service related issues are also solved when
considering the technology change factor as agencies are limited to certain shift but internet
with 24*7 days service which makes customer to take decisions more accurately. After
booking queries or any information’s are also provided by online travel advisor by SMS
which keeps the customer updated with the latest status and satisfy the customer and hence
negligible changes for any kind of inconvenience which lags in offline booking. Customer
service is also available 24 hour with an option to chat via email or chat box is also available
for some online travel advisor which increases customer obsession.
1.4 Objectives of the research
The increase in technology has helped peoples to self-dependent in organizing any trip using
online bookings and transaction from travel advisors by large scale in UK. Increase in rate of
transaction is resulted from online payment gateway which has resulted in increase in
business for Online booking agents and hence resulted in economic growth. Fast and
instantaneous booking are made possible from any remote location using mobile application
rather than using PCs. The innovative idea of different sorting by requirements including the
key factor of competitiveness also led to increase in global dependent on online Travel
advisors.
Access to different regions and different culture and community is made possible which led
to increase social activities and togetherness. Relatives over distance is shortened by increase
technology use of communications and travel within short period of notice is made possible
by choice. Price comparison on different website and social media provides a huge
opportunity in marketing and helps in chain production using redeem collection of points by
recommendation to friends and colleagues (Gössling and Peeters, 2018). Customer service at
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different hotels is rated as a part of Trip advisor impact the agency in case of service related
issues.
Beside there are factors which raises a great concern of adopting these technologies to
different OTA (Online travel Advisor). The technical gap due to server shut down or bugs in
the system could cause a huge impact in terms of production rate as well as impacting
negatively on customers (Ritchie, 2018). This could result in the huge economic depression
as the industry has large scale chain production dependents for example: cancellation of
business trips could result in loss of business contracts and hence result in economic loss.
Some strategies could be followed to overcome such instances of critical issue faced by both
the industry and the customer. With the increase in global technology, Technicians should be
hired to maintain any server or remove bugs as soon as possible. Automations for removals of
bugs or Malware bytes in the server should be programmed to overcome any short cut-off to
payment gateway. Hardware’s updating at a regular pace could be maintained to the
increasing demand of working using Hi-speed device and interface. Infrastructure up
gradation is also a key point to increase the tracking of business growth rate by using
different tools and attendants. With the increase in marketing the travellers rate would
increase at a huge pace and hence could result in increase in flights and hence collectively
increase the rate of production in a chain system. Hotel tie up is increasing in order to provide
a greater discount in price and effectively giving a higher benefit to instry as well as
maintaining a greater customer obsession.
1.5 Scope of the research
The main focus of this research is to grow awareness in different travel agencies to open
OTA and grow business in every possible aspect with respect to the growing advance
technology and reduce the gap between customers and organization. The growing industry of
tourism increase as there is an increase number of employees working at a distance with
years who want to connect and remains dependent on the online trip advisors. Package
tripping, accommodation and other key amenities are beneficial factors to increase the
comfort of customers as well as business growth and hence could be a key factor to improve
the use of this industry (Hjalager, 2018). Destinations provided by the agencies should have
allocated infrastructure to provide instantaneous support to the customers. Implementation of
more employees results in smooth maintenance of work flow.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review
Introduction
The main objective of this assignment is to enter the universe consisting of versatile travel
booking options with an objective to discover which kind of highly advanced and modernized
travel booking applications might show up in the coming future. Apart from that, to know
whether or not there are versatile course of actions being developed that may challenge in the
future. Travel industry is a very versatile industry by nature with a lot of unmistakable
perspectives latched to it, with a special mention to the portable travel booking management.
The research work for this assignment has been done sheer dedication and by following all
the fundamental and discretionary research systems. Data has been collected for the research
work from different travel organizations and companies including both online and offline
services in the UK.
2.1 Importance of technology in travel and tourism sector
Tourism industry is one of the fastest growing and developing industries in the world today.
Tourism helps the economy of a nation to grow rapidly. Things are no different for UK.
Tourism industry has added humongous in the financial development of the UK. The industry
generates a lot of revenues for the local government in UK. The tourism industry currently
holds the status of being the fifth biggest industry in UK, and the third biggest fare worker
just falling behind the chemicals and money associated services and has a net worth of over
£112 billion per year. Apart from that, the industry employs more than 2.3 million individuals
and has a backing of over 1800,000 (SME's) (Inkpen, 2018). Tourists that visit the nation
from abroad, the foreign guests spend over £17b every year and add a hefty contribution of
more than £4b to the country’s economy. Some research has shown that travel and tourism
industry is one of the most financially contributing sectors in the UK when compared to the
other industries and sectors. It can be shown through different data that the tourism industry
has grown and developed a lot in the past few years.
After talking about the importance tourism as an industry to a country and its economy, now
let us talk about the part and the importance of technology in the tourism sector. Technology
plays a very important part in such a glorious run of the tourism industry. Without technology
such advancements would not have been possible at all (Poon, 2018). The recent growth of
the sector to such an extent is all because of the use of new and innovative technologies.
Internet marketing or e-commerce is a revolution and a boon for the tourism sector.
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Technology is the main reason for such a success and such huge developments. Technology
is an aspect that affects the operating of any business. The part played by technology in the
growth of the planet is huge and irreplaceable.
2.2 Influence of technology in travel and tourism sector
Technology has had a great deal of impact on the travel and tourism sector and the way of its
operations. The invention of internet and mobile phones was major advancement in
technology. And the advancement of internet and mobile phones as time passed by, brought
about a great revolution in how the travel and tourism industry used to work. Earlier people
had no options of having an idea about a particular tourist destination or any country by
sitting in their homes apart from word of mouth. They had the option of consulting people
who had an idea about those places if they had visited them. Word of mouth was the only
option. But in today’s time, one can have all the information one wants to have with just one
click (Novelli et al., 2018). All the credit for this goes to internet. Apart from that now people
have the option to book hotels, flights, local guides, etc from their home with the help of their
mobile phones without having to worry much. This is all because of the technology. This
gives a clear understanding of the importance and influence of technology in the travel and
tourism sector.
The development of air transport facilities like flights is a very important contribution of
technology to the travel and tourism sector. Earlier people used carts, boats as a mode of
transport in the ancient times. With time technology advanced and brought along with it new
travel options like trains, bus, flights, cars, bikes and so on. The use of mobile phones has
given the freedom to tourists to get all the services that they desire get booked with the help
of their phones. Technology along with it brought the facility of GPS, navigation, biometrics
to name a few significant contributions.
In today’s world it is hard for anyone to get lost somewhere so easily. The invention of GPS
is a revolution as it acts as a personal guide for an individual no matter to which part of the
world he/she travels to GPS keeps a track of the traveller’s current location and guides and
navigates the person to the destination that he/she wants to go to. Travelling to new and
different places and countries has been made so easy and convenient (Buhalis, 2018). The
invention of biometrics is huge as it helps to secure a person’s identity. Facial recognition,
fingerprint recognition, eye scan are all new ways developed through the use of biometrics to
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ensure the security. These features are currently being used to improve the air security
experience all around the world.
The invention and advancement of road travel facilities through cabs like UBER has indeed
been a great gift to mankind. People now don’t have to own a car to travel from one place to
another (Shaw and Williams, 2018). They are just one click away from booking a cab for
them and travel wherever they want to in the entire city. Uber has been of great help to
people who visit different nations and cities as tourists, as they get local cab facilities at an
affordable rate to take them wherever they want to. Uber is facility available in all the major
cities in the world.
We have discussed in detail about how technology has influenced the travel and tourism
sector. It has indeed been a very positive influence, changing the way how the world works, a
revolution to be honest and a great gift to mankind.
2.3 Issues faced due to implementation of technology in the travel and tourism sector
Technology has indeed been a great revolution and of greater significance to the travel and
tourism industry. The use of internet has helped a lot in this and proved that internet is a very
rapidly growing phenomenon. Internet is not just a facility; it has actually become more of a
medium or a tool for the purpose of marketing. People everywhere use internet as a source of
marketing with the help of social media sites. Technological advancements make people
clumsy and more and more people start depending on different technologies for their work
(Shaw et al., 2018).
Technology has changed the way people run their business all over the world. A potential
customer has all the knowledge about a particular destination there can be and though
technology he has access to all the information related to the services provided in any part of
the world. This means that the potential customer can be from any part of the world and has
all the information. Technology brings along voice devices like walkie-talkie, wireless
communication etc, to hotels and restaurants and their different staffs and this in turn allows
them to provide better services to the customers. Hotels all around the world are
implementing radio frequency identification key cards (RFID) on rooms’ doors and to unlock
the room the customer must insert the card into the key card hole in order to unlock the room
and to switch on the electricity in the room (Neuhofer et al., 2018). Methods like this help in
increasing the level of security and save the electricity and lessen the electricity bill.
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Because of the availability of internet and development of new software’s, every work is now
managed online. Manual labour has been replaced by artificial intelligence. We now have
androids and different operating software’s and tools for managing our work. Every hotel,
travel agency, transport sector and so on, all manage their work and data online with help of
internet (Moutinho and Vargas-Sanchez, 2018). It is helpful as it makes work easier and it is
very easy to keep a track of everything and manage data and records them. But it has a
setback too; lack of server is a major setback in the entire process. When there is lack of
server, everything is on hold because of unavailability of internet. So people have to wait and
this wastes a lot of time and money. All the work is stopped, till the server is back online.
Payments are being done online today with the help of credit cards, debit cards, UPI’s, e-
wallets, etc. This is both easy and fast but the security of these methods is questionable
(Stamboulis and Skayannis, 2018). There have been instances which bring a question to the
security level of these methods of payment.
Technology has made the world go paperless. No one keeps a written record of their business
any more. Everything is done with the help of computer and internet. This has made work a
lot easier but there is a side effect to it too all the data are kept in folders in a computer. There
is a threat of security of all the data of an organization. Anyone who has access to the
computer can open the folder containing all the records and copy them and distribute. So it is
evident that besides being helpful it is not at all secure.
Technology helps the travel and tourism sector to bring in a lot of new customers but it
cannot be taken for granted as customer satisfaction is the focal point of this business. Social
media has been used as a marketing tool by different business owners for marketing and
promoting their business. Today’s youth is very active on these social media platforms used
by the business owners for marketing their business and the youth of today is not afraid of
speaking up. They speak their mind and speak what they feel is the truth (Aldebert et al.,
2018). If they do not like a particular say hotel or a restaurant, they won’t hesitate in giving a
positive feedback about the same and will speak and write with an open heart. If the review
of that particular is not good, it poses a threat of bringing a negative image on the business.
This is also one of the threats of technology.
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2.4 strategies of overcoming these issues caused due to technology in the travel and tourism
sector
As discussed above in details, technology has both positive and negative impacts on the
travel and tourism sector. There are huge implications of technology in the travel and tourism
sector. There are strategies to overcome these issues caused due to technology in the travel
and tourism sector.
Technology has its own advantages and misuses. Advantages of technology are many but so
are the misuses (Sheldon, 2018). In spite of so many misuses, travel and tourism industry is
hugely dependent on technology for a smooth and fast working as it has made life a lot easier
for people all over the world.
The advancement of technology and its increased use in the travel and tourism sector has
made it easy for the terrorist organizations to attack the travel and tourism industry. Mobile
phones that are one of the greatest inventions ever by mankind can save lots of lives but
mobile phones can also be used by terrorists to detonate and trigger a bomb (Buhalis and Jun,
2011). Air conditioners are used to enjoy cool and fresh air during extremely hot and
unbearable climatic conditions but they also pollute the air that we breathe and might carry
harmful diseases. Today, we can easily know weather forecasts, the difference between
different time zones of the earth because of technology but all these kind of information can
be used by terrorists to destroy air transportation.
Technology has had a mix impact on the travel and tourism sector. It has helped in increasing
the customer base but decreased the level of customer service. Technology has made air
transport a lot easier and secure but people have to wait in long lines and for long hours for
security checks. It doesn’t matter how good or efficient technology can be but it can never
replace human touch and feeling (Orfila-Sintes et al., 2018). The tourism industry is all about
taking memories back home and nourishing them for an eternity and so these moments
should not be sacrificed just for the purpose of making the work more easy and efficient.
The owners of different tourism sector businesses should hire people who have an idea of
how to use technology as technology is of no use without the people using it having any idea
about it. Besides that, technology should never be misused and should always be used for a
noble purpose that is for the welfare of mankind. Technology should be used wisely and we
should always look at the positive aspects of technology. We should be wise enough to use
only the positive aspects of technology that benefits us like for convenience, more efficiency
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and more accuracy and forget about thinking on the negative use of technology that can
destroy mankind.
Chapter 3: Methodology
3.1 Introduction
The techniques used to investigate and writing comprises to two types of research – essential
and complementary using the basic current articles and the data from the materials from the
different sources which help to figure out the basic composition of different factors and
conclude the theory with some instances. Essential research could be the basic study using
current articles and information gathered using common sense or evolution during the time
period of real life. The complementary research was investigated using the most common
resources from internet and studies regarding various magazines and newspaper, books and
most important is the technical co relating the use of pros and cons evolving ecommerce
factors. The primary content has been re configured from the different trip advisors and the
different survey conducted from advisors.
3.2 Research philosophy
The logic behind the examination and learning from different sources with different advisors
highlighted the different points and co relating the different sectors with same intention id the
most important aspect to learn any new way (Tribe, 2018). The investigation with different
resources concluding in a detailed information report with innovative ideas and different
invention techniques involves a huge examination which could lead to a good operation
oriented skill assets and could help in every way.
3.3 Data collection process
The most precise and innovative way to gather information and different kind of data,
analyzing and co relating the pro and cons of the result is the most important aspect of
Information collection and methodology. The various forms and fragments of information
collected helps in examine the various aspect of the work but this diver’s way to implement
the information in a collective way has the same primary goal with information collection in
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different way (Scott et al., 2018). The different kind of techniques involves in gathering
information is basically the accumulation and co relating the factors involved.
3.4 Sampling method
The techniques used in sampling are basically the method to choose from sample and testing
with the current situation or proposals (Connell, 2018). The sampling method has different
strategies the most important being the likelihood which is used to take instances of examples
between time and theoretical contents whereas the unlikelihood strategies includes techniques
of analytics with investigations.
3.5 Sample size
In exploration of paper the assessments with the investigation is very crucial with makes the
possible outcome using various calibrations by examination paper. The additional
developments using examples and of actual factors includes the group of people (Gössling
and Peeters, 2018). The survey is incorporating with an approximate number of 15 questions
with respect to different.
3.6 Ethical consideration
All the research and analysis in the above assignment have been done ethically. All the
information and data provided in this assignment and the research are valid, authentic and are
recovered from reliable sources. All the information provided in the assignment are true to
knowledge and the data is apt. the entire assignment and the research has been done ethically
and with great morality and responsibility. The analysis is not influenced by any other
individual or copied any data or information from anywhere and is all ethical (Morgan et al.,
2018). It has been tried to keep a correct understanding of the matter associated with the
assignment. The necessary steps have been taken that are required to complete the assignment
and gather all the information for the entire research in the most ethical way possible. The
main objective of the entire work is to present new and innovative ideas, thoughts, mediums,
and so on.
3.7 Summary
The entire assignment is done by keeping in mind the topic of the assignment that is
‘technology in travel and tourism sector’. The assignment is deeply rooted to what the title
conveys. In this assignment we have discussed every minute detail, the importance and
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influence of technology in the travel and tourism sector, the positive and the negative effects
of technology in tourism and the strategies required to manage the harmful effects of
technology in travel and tourism sector. Technology as discussed has proven to be revolution
and a boon to the travel and tourism industry. It has stimulated the growth of the tourism
sector in many ways which in turn has also boosted the country’s economy. We have also
discussed al the methodologies, the significance etc. With the help of this assignment we are
able to have a wider knowledge about the travel and tourism sector and the role of technology
in the travel and tourism sector.
4.1 Conclusion
To conclude we can say that positive and ethical effort has been made in the proposal to
answer the six research question mentioned above in the chapter 1. The data that has been
taken from various sources has been properly analysed and segmented before it is highlighted
in the report. I believe that the materials that has been presented in this report will definitely
be a lot of help for the concerned wanting to future study. The past present and future of
tourism industry and how the IT is influencing it has been thoroughly described in the report
so that it can be interpreted by any group. Professional methodology of research has been
included in doing research work and finding out accurate solution for the emerging problems
arising out of impact of technology in Travel and tourism sector of UK. From the beginning
the report introduces us to the scenario of travel and tourism industry of UK for years and
how it is still growing. The prospects of growth have been highlighted in the report. The aims
and objectives of the research have also been highlighted in the report which can be used for
further research. A detailed literature review has been given inside the report covering the
major areas like- influence, objective, importance and also the strategies to combat any
emerging challenge coming out of use of technology in this sector. Major issues have been
identified and ways to tackle such problems has also been suggested in the recommendation
part. Further scope of research has also been briefed in the last part of the research proposal
and the limitations of this research has also been discussed at the very end of the project so
that the one who will use this proposal for further study can understand and interpret the
causes of limitation and where this limitation can concern him/her.
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4.2 Recommendation
Travel and tourism has reached a new level due to the emergence of technology for years.
Every day there is advancement of new technology across the globe. Moreover every sector
of business has reaped the benefits of technology for years. Travel and tourism industry in the
19th century if we look back into time was far more complex than we can even imagine.
People had to stand in the queue to book ticket and find transport facilities to spend hassle
free vacation (Xiang and Gretzel, 2018). But nowadays to advent of technology people can
plan their holidays sitting at home relaxing. People nowadays can also see customer reviews
about a particular destination and also watch the fluctuation of prices of ticket to see at which
it is best to book the tickets. Those were the days when people had to be dependent on the
travel agents nut now the scene has changed. Due to the advent of technology communication
and networking has touched new limit. It is therefore highly recommended to use the benefits
of technology especially e-commerce travel booking platforms which connects millions of
travellers with travel agents , hotels , bars , amusements parks and nearly everything related
to travel and tourism. Technology has played an important role in the sector of travel and
tourism in UK (Buhalis and Darcy, 2018). The British people are very fond of travelling.
Reports of the recent speaks that the people who use Trivago to plan their vacation are giving
positive reviews about these platforms. It is though highly recommended that everyone
should be aware of the disadvantages of the technology too. Internet is a place where
everyone is connected in same place and we already know from the past the activities of
hackers and fraudulent activities of online travel agents. Therefore the people of UK should
rely upon few online platforms like – Tip advisor, Trivago to ensure the planning and
booking of holiday and vacation.
4.3 Limitation of the research
Though best efforts have been given to write the research proposal, still the report has few
limitation based on the study. In every research work you we all have further scope of study
and also some limitation which hinders the further researcher to interpret the study which has
been missed. One of the basic limitations of the research is that it covers only the private
hospitality sector of tourism in UK (Ma et al., 2018). It is very difficult to have access in the
government information. Time constraint, less supply of manpower and last but not the least
the finance constraint acted as a barrier to do further study and acquire more valuable
information to highlight the proposal.
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4.4 Future Scope
This research proposal is especially designed to highlight all relevant information to the
people who will be doing further research. It has vast scope for research because technology
is booming across the world and tourism is the highest growth sector in the world (Blake et
al., 2018). There the valuable information about technology presented in this research will act
as an ignition for further researchers to present a much stronger report to highlight and
market the proposal in the international platform and market the tourism of UK.
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