Cell Biology: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Levels of Cell Organization

Running head : CELL BIOLOGY
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CELL BIOLOGY
3.1a) the stage of mitosis
In cell biology, mitosis is part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are
separated by two nuclei and give rise to genetically identified cells. Mitosis observed in all
somatic cells. Mitosis consists of four basic steps such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase. These stages occur in a strictly sequential manner (Bisson-Filho et al. 2017). In
prophase mitotic spindle forms and nucleus disappears whereas, In Metaphase, genetic materials
were duplicated. The process of cell division starts with anaphase (cytokinesis) and in
telophase, the genetic material separates carried in two identical daughter cells (Cai et al. 2017).
Figure: mitosis
Source: (Bisson-Filho et al. 2017).
b) The stages of meiosis:
Meiosis is a cell division occurred in reproductive cells where the chromosome numbers
reduced by half to create four haploids and each genetically distinct. There are two meiosis
stages where each stage divided into four basic steps like mitosis as discussed before (Bisson-
Filho et al. 2017). However, meiosis I include the crossing over whereas meiosis II is like the
mitosis.

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CELL BIOLOGY
Figure: The stages of meiosis
Source : (Cai et al. 2017).
c) Similarities between meiosis and mitosis:
Although diversity observed between meiosis and mitosis, both meiosis and meiosis
involve four distinct stages such as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. The common
goal of both processes is that split the nucleus and DNA content in two daughter cells. Therefore,
both meiosis and mitosis involve in a similar pathway for accomplishing the process. Both
process are crucial for growth (Palazzo et al. 2016).
d) Difference between meiosis and mitosis:
differences Mitosis Meiosis
Cell Division A somatic cell divides once. A reproductive
cell divides twice
Daughter Cell Number Two diploid daughter cells Four haploid daughter cells