NATO: Evolution and Contemporary Challenges

This assignment delves into the history and contemporary role of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). It examines NATO's origins during the Cold War, its expansion throughout the decades, and its evolving missions. Students are tasked with analyzing NATO's response to current security threats, including terrorism, cyberwarfare, energy insecurity, and the changing geopolitical landscape. The assignment requires students to critically evaluate NATO's effectiveness in addressing these challenges and consider its future direction in a globalized world.

To analyse the political
motivations

Acknowledgement
The dissertation would not have been a successful one without the guidance of certain
people. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my teacher __________, who introduced
me to this topic and helped me to move towards the light of knowledge. Special thanks to my
parents who have always guided and encouraged me to diligently complete any task.
Further, I would like to thank my friend ______, who helped me understanding different
research methods that can be applied on the present dissertation. I am thankful to him that I came
to know so many new things.
In the end, I would like to thank all the people who have their tangible or intangible
contribution to this research. It has helped me in finalizing the project effectively in the limited
time frame.

Abstract
It is important that any country have adequate amount of peace in the society. It can
certainly help people in living with utmost security in that state. The present dissertation aims to
analyse the political motivations that enabled an organisation which is usually associated with
peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational activities which has direct assistance to rebel
causes.
NATO is a peacekeeping organization having the aim of providing security through
means of politics and military to its member states. To analyse the stated aim, secondary type of
investigation has been used to analyse the data. Further, literature from various scholars, books,
journals have been able to conclude that it is important for NATO to change its operational
activities and reduce the role of UK and USA in decision making aspect of the organization.
Further, it has been recommended that the organization is required to bring adequate
amount of change in its reforms that can further help it in playing its role more effectively.
Moreover, it has also been recommended that it is required to reduce the interference of leading
countries so that decisions can be taken for other countries.

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................4
1.1 Overview..........................................................................................................................4
1.2 Rationale of the research..................................................................................................6
1.3 Aim of the study...............................................................................................................7
1.4 Objectives of the study.....................................................................................................7
1.5 Research questions...........................................................................................................8
1.6 Significance of the study..................................................................................................8
1.7 Scope of study..................................................................................................................9
1.8 Limitations of the study..................................................................................................10
1.9 Conceptual framework analysis.....................................................................................11
1.10 Dissertation structure....................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW.......................................................................................14
2.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................14
2.2 Importance of political stability in the country..............................................................14
2.3 Formation and objectives of NATO...............................................................................15
2.4 Appropriateness of NATO being used as a political tool...............................................16
2.5 Consequences of Libyan expedition which led to affecting NATO’s reputation..........18
2.6 Assistance of political stability towards growth of the economy and role of NATO in it19
2.7 Requirement of NATO to be used as political stability tool..........................................21
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................23
3.1 Research Introduction.....................................................................................................23
3.2 Type of investigation......................................................................................................23
3.3 Research Approach.........................................................................................................24
3.4 Research Design.............................................................................................................24
3.5 Research Philosophy......................................................................................................25
3.6 Data Collection...............................................................................................................26
3.7 Data Analysis..................................................................................................................27
3.8 Validity and reliability....................................................................................................27
3.9 Ethical consideration......................................................................................................28

3.10 Research Limitations....................................................................................................29
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS.........................................................................32
4.1 Introduction....................................................................................................................32
4.2 Thematic Analysis..........................................................................................................32
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION.....................................................37
5.1 Conclusion......................................................................................................................37
5.2 Recommendation............................................................................................................40
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................42

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview
Political stability is an important aspect of promoting peace in individual countries. It
helps in smooth functioning of the activities of the nation. The activities conducted by the
organisations working in the country must be able to integrate all the activities so that smooth
business operation can be initiated. This dissertation is based on understanding the military and
polical aspects of NATO, that is, North Atlantic Treaty Organization which aims at providing
security through means of politics and military to its member states. NATO guarantees freedom
to the countries involved as a member state of NATO with the help of the following:
Political: It helps in promoting democratic values in the country. Further, helps in dealing with
security related issues. It helps in solving problems and building trust for the long run in order to
prevent conflicts.
Military: Another objective of NATO is to ensure solving the disputes in peaceful manner. If the
process turns out to be a failure, in that case, military power is undertaken to resolve the issue.
The method is included in collective defence clause of NATO's founding treaty (Ferro, 2012).
Both military and non-military measures are taken into consideration to deal with the
crises between countries. It helps in dealing with the emerging crisis in the member state and
ensuring complex security environment for them. The main permanent member states of NATO
are France, United Kingdom and the United States. Hence, it is liable to promote security in
Europe. In case of conflicts or any major dispute arising in the country, NATO can be called for
help. The present study is conducted to assess that whether it is appropriate for NATO to be used
as a political tool by which to further the regime change desires of its leading members, that is,
US and UK. Further, it will also analyse potential damage done to NATO's reputation (in the
Eastern world) as a consequence of the Libyan expedition. In the end recommendation on the
same will also be provided to NATO in order to strengthen its political role (Eyal, 2012).
NATO is an intergovernmental military alliance between various North American and
European states which was singed on 4th April 1949. There are 29 independent members of
NATO. Further, there are 21 countries who participate in partnership for peace program (Thakur,
2016). The three permanent members of this organization are, UK, US and France. The twelve
founding members of this organization are, Belgium, United States, United Kingdom, Norway,

Luxembourg, Iceland, Denmark, Canada, France, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal. The main
aim of the organization is to protect the freedom of its member states with the help of Unified
approach of protecting the rights of civilians. The organization was launched with the objective
serve the purpose of political stability and military intervention for protection of the member
state. The headquarters of NATO is situated in Brussels, Belgium (Turner, 2016).
If any of the member of NATO is attacked, it is viewed as an attack to other member
states as well. This idea has been expressed in Article 5 of the treaty. The target is to spend 2%
of GDP on NATO members. Another aim is to protect the stability of region by providing them
with security forces as and when requirement arises.
Figure 1NATO's Affiliation
(Source: Pindják, 2014)
The maps above show the presence of partnerships across different states all around the
world. The map on the left covers NATO’s affiliations in Europe. However, the map on the right
shows partnerships with the NATO globally. It indicates that there is a worldwide presence of
NATO members. NATO is considered to be the representative of the population of 900 million
people (Chaban et al., 2017). It helps in solving disputes that arise within member states and
ensures peace and stability in the world. It also initiates stronger relationships between the
member countries so that friendly and cooperative behaviour can be promoted. To help each
other brings common security sense to the countries. It has tried to bring various countries under

its umbrella with the objective to unite them to bring economic stability and reduce wars in the
world. It helps in fighting with, terrorism, corruption and cyber-attacks to keep the member
states strong and bring advancements in the military front (Schleifer, 2014).
This research analyses the political motivations that enabled an organisation which is
usually associated with peacekeeping to seemingly change organization’s operational activities
which have direct assistance to rebel causes. It will help in gathering significant amount of
understanding regarding the stated subject. Further, it will help in concreting the knowledge
regarding various functions and objectives of NATO.
Apart from political and military requirements, there are various other functions that are
fulfilled by NATO. Hence, the other essential tasks that are to be kept by peacekeeping
organization are as follows:
 Collective defence: The members always takes the steps to protect each other from any
crisis that could take place in the organization. It is the facts that has been disclosed in
Article 5 of the Washington treaty. It is a type of commitment which is firm and
binding and has to be followed by all the member states in the signatory list.
 Crisis management: NATO holds a unique type of capability where it tends to see the
full spectrum of the state which is faced by the countries so as to make the assessment
of crisis management. It helps in providing adequate number of tools which can
prevent or cure ongoing conflicts in the organization. It helps in consolidating to the
situations which bring unstable environment to the country.
 Cooperative security: The alliance has stronger impact of political and military
situations prevailing in the states. The development is required to be carried out beyond
the geographical borders. There is an active engagement of peacekeeping organization
to enhance international security so that adequate amount of peace can be maintained.
It helps various countries by giving active contribution towards arms control, keeping
the door to membership alliance open and help the states as and when required
(Vrajolli and Kallaba, 2012).
The organization has been very well able to delegate its functions. However, the main issue
faced by it is that the main functions are not being delivered by it to its member state in
appropriate manner.

1.2 Rationale of the research
It is important that the research that is conducted holds some value so that its purpose can
be served. Hence, the scholar must understand the rationale of the research so that its relevance
can be ascertained. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of the researcher regarding this
topic have attracted him to conduct research over this particular topic. Further, the growing
involvement of NATO in political stability have also attracted the researcher towards this topic.
Moreover, the study has been conducted to assess different aspect of NATO which is not
known to the researcher. It will help in reaching to the better conclusion of the aim and
objectives framed (Smith, 2015).
The research also holds importance in understanding various aspects of NATO. Further,
aims and objectives of this peacekeeping organisation have been assessed. The study has also
collected valid arguments regarding the objectives of US and UK concerning NATO. The
literature review helped the researcher to assess the research gaps prevailing in the studies that
have been performed and represented earlier. It helps in generating best outcomes in front of the
reader regarding the stated subject. NATO is considered to be one of the important organisation
that is being prevailed in the world to initiate peace in the world. The researcher has been able to
gather various data and assess that whether they adequately fulfil the objectives of the
organisation or not. In order to make this analysis, conduction of research on this topic is
important for the researcher so that the best recommendations can be suggested (Beardsley,
2013).
1.3 Aim of the study
This project intends to analyse the political motivations that enabled an organisation which
is usually associated with peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational activities which have
direct assistance to rebel causes.
1.4 Objectives of the study
The main aim of ascertaining the objective for the research is that it helps in finding out
that what all aspects are being covered in the present research. Based on the aim being formed
for the study, various objectives can be formulated. In the present research of NATO the main
objectives of the study that will be considered are as follows:
 To assess whether it is appropriate for NATO to be used as a political tool by which to
further the regime change desires of its leading members (the US and the UK)

 To evaluate the potential damage done to NATO's reputation (in the Eastern world) as a
consequence of the Libyan expedition.
 To recommend ways or strategies to strengthens the political role of NATO
1.5 Significance of the study
It is important to assess whether it is appropriate for NATO to be used as a political tool
by which to further the regime change desires of its leading members. The study is important to
ascertain the role of the stated organisation which helps in ensuring peace and prosperity in the
nation. The present study will help in assessing the political aspects of the organisation. The
study will help in shedding light on damages to NATO’s reputation caused by the Libyan
expeditions. (Kanet and Larivé, 2012).
Further the present research on NATO will be helpful and hold great importance in the
following aspects: Academically: The topic is important from the perspective of academics. The topic will
help in understanding different factors that are related to the functioning of NATO.
Further it will also be important to understand the political stability extended by NATO
in its functionality (Saunders and Lewis, 2012). Hence, the academic importance to the
research is wide and useful. To shape better policies for countries: Better understanding of the functions of NATO
will help the policy makers to understand its role in peacekeeping in the country. Further,
helps can be demanded from the organization at the time of crisis. Hence, better
understanding to the topic will help the policy makers to frame better policies for the
country and initiate peaceful and secure environment. The research will also help in
gathering data regarding its positive and negative aspects. It will also be able to analyse
its functions which can be helpful in making the concept and objectives of NATO strong.
The key focus areas can be derived with the help of research which will ultimately help
policymakers in framing policies.
 To understand the political aspects of the country: The discussion will help in
developing a clear understanding regarding political state of the countries and role of
NATO in bringing stability to them. Further, the political issues faced by different
countries and how NATO helps in solving out these problems can be clearly understood
after studying the present research on NATO (Dunne 2013). It is important for the

researcher to understand that political aspects may vary from country to country. To
make a comparative analysis and then reaching out to the conclusion will be the best
method that can be adopted while assessing the political factors in different countries.
Based on which further decision making can be initiated by NATO while delivering its
services to it different member countries (Barnes and Hoerber, 2013).
 To develop political knowledge: The researcher will be able to gather adequate amount
of political knowledge in the stated subject. Moreover, various terms and abbreviation
that are commonly used in this field can also be assessed which can help in further
studying the topic in appropriate manner. Hence, the research will be able to gather
adequate amount of knowledge regarding different political motives and various aspects
of politics in detail.
1.6 Scope of study
The scope of the study is wide so that the reader can get a comprehensive idea regarding
NATO's functioning and its impact on the political stability of the country. Further, it will help in
making the knowledge of the reader concrete regarding potential damage that has been done to
the image of NATO due to the results of Libyan expedition. Further, the main strengths and
weakness of the functioning of the organization can also be assessed through this present
research on NATO. The topics that have not been touched by the other researchers will also be
covered in the present research that will initiate extensive learnings to the readers.
Further, the topic has not been studied much and there are various loopholes that has been
gathered from the previous research. It has arisen the importance to study the topic in adequate
detail. It will help in studying various aspects of NATO and its member states. Hence, the scope
of the research is wide and require adequate amount of attention from the side of researcher
while studying the subject matter on the stated topic (Engelbrekt, Mohlin and Wagnsson, 2013).
1.7 Limitations of the study
There are various limitations that are attached to the present study of NATO. The current
study may not be conducted with the perfection as there are certain constraints to the research.
There is limited time and budget that is available to the researcher to conduct the research.
Adequate investment to it plays an important role in coming up with the valuable and effective
outcomes (Orford, 2012). The current study is based on NATO where assessment of its impact
on political factors of the country will be made. Further, there is lack of availability of secondary

information to the researcher in order to understand the concept in effective way. It has restricted
the learning towards the subject matter (Flick, 2015). Further, particular time frame has been
allotted to the researcher in order to conduct the research where consideration of all the
important factors is not possible. It has led to affect the study at a wide level. These constraints
can deviate the results and hence the conclusion to a great extent.
The views regarding political stability and steps that has been taken by NATO can be
different. The step may have proven to be beneficial to one country and on the other hand, it
could have been proven wrong for the other. It is difficult to reach out to a specific conclusion
and ascertain that what acts are right and what are wrong. In that scenario, there are higher
chances of biasness from the side of researcher while ascertaining the reason and reaching to a
specific conclusion for the research. It can be counted as a limitation to the research (Hallams,
2013).
The secondary information that is being available from different sources may not be
reliable as every researcher and other online blogposts may carry different opinion regarding the
organization. It may lead to missing out some important information as well. It can be considered
as a loophole for the study.
1.8 Conceptual framework analysis
Conceptual framework analysis is on one of the most important part of the study.
Detailed analysis of the investigation is included in the research. The present study is associated
to analyse the political motivations that enabled an organisation usually associated with
peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational mandate to one in which the rebel cause was
directly assisted. It is important to analyse that what all the research tools can be used by the
researcher so that reach to an effective conclusion for the study. Moreover, all the important
aspects are required to be considered while selecting appropriate research tool for the same.
Based, on the analysis, following tools and techniques will be used to conduct the research:
 Research design: The present study is conducted with the help of descriptive research
design. It will help in collecting large amount of data and information on NATO. The
functions of the tools are aligned to the main objective of the study. Descriptive research
is not used to describe the cause of situation but helps in describing the situation in
effective manner. It helps in understanding the events in detail and hence it will be the
best suited research design for the present research (Miller, 2015).

 Research philosophy: Interpretivism philosophy of the research has been used to
conduct the study as theoretical aspect will be considered to study the topic. It helps in
interpreting various elements of the study. Interpretivism have adequate focus on
meaning and various methods of different aspects that has been reflected in the study.
The main focus of this philosophy is on observation and hence no opinion is formed in
the beginning of the research unless and until the issue has not been properly analysed.
There is this study of NATO, Interpretivism research philosophy will help the researcher
in gathering the data which is important and useful. Therefore, this type of philosophy is
best suited for the present research. The approach is relevant enough for the present
research because it will help in interpreting different elements of the study.
 Research type: Qualitative type of research s conducted and the study will have focus
upon the analysis of data through this technique only, as it will be helpful in drawing out
effective conclusion (Turner, 2016). Qualitative research helps in understanding various
aspects of the topic by exploring it using different researches and data sets so that the best
can be gathered from the same. The present research analysis has been started right from
the beginning so as to avoid any biased opinion. Hence, grounded theory has been used in
the present research. Variety of sources are used to collect right kind of information, such
as, books, journals, online blogs, newspapers, magazines, etc. hence, qualitative type of
research will be best suited method so as to conduct the present research in detail
(Tsuruoka, 2013).
 Research approach: The present study is related to testing the existing theories of
knowledge. Therefore, deductive approach of the research has been carried out in the
study. The reasoning of deductive theory moves from general content to specific one and
hence sometimes being informally called as top down approach. This type of research
approach will be the best for conducting the present research on NATO. Since, it is a
testing theory, all the various aspect regarding NATO will be taken into consideration so
as to provide an appropriate format for the researcher to understand the issue in effective
manner.
 Data collection: In the current study, secondary type of data collection technique will be
used and data will be collected through journals, books and other published sources.
Secondary data is collected from the sources which has already been researcher and

published by any other researcher. It can be in the form of censuses, information being
displayed by government departments, record of the organization or any other data that
has been collected to serve any other research purpose. It is a method which can help in
saving time in comparison to the one which is required in primary collection. Further, the
amount of database collected through it is vast and of high quality. The present research
is on NATO and require adequate amount of secondary information for analysis. Hence,
this technique has been used for collection of data for present research (Huo, 2015).
Hence, resources from books, journals, government publications and authentic websites
will be collected for the research.
 Data analysis: A thematic approach will be used to analyse the data. In this approach
various themes will be formulated based upon the objectives being framed. It is
considered as one of the common approach to conduct qualitative research. It helps in the
description of important phenomenon that has been used in the research. Hence, the same
is the best suited method to conduct a secondary research on NATO (Taylor, Bogdan and
DeVault, 2015).
1.9 Dissertation structure
The dissertation will proceed in the following manner:
 Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter helps in giving an idea that what will be followed
in the whole dissertation with the overview of the topic. It helps in understanding the aim
and objective of the study and the limitations of the research.
 Chapter 2: Literature review: This chapter discusses the outcomes that have been
found by the other researchers through their research. Critical analysis of their opinion
will be presented in a well-defined manner so that adequate knowledge regarding the
topic can be generated. Thus, it is one of the important parts of the research study.
 Chapter 3: Research Methodology helps in assessing the outline based on which the
researcher will conduct research. It will ascertain, research approach, research design,
sampling and data collection techniques.
 Chapter 4: Findings and Discussions helps in assessing the findings that have been
derived from the research conducted by the researcher. A critical analysis is performed to
reach the correct findings.

 Chapter 5: Conclusion: considers how far the aim and objectives of the project have
been achieved. It presents the overall results of the research. It will also give an overview
to the future research as well.

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This chapter will focus on opinions of different scholars who have already conducted the
research on a similar topic. The information that has been gathered through sources such as
books, journals and other online sources. The chapter will help in identifying the gaps that has
been noticed in the previous studies. In addition to this, it has helped to develop strong
theoretical base with respect to the subject matter, that is, to analyse the political motivations that
enabled an organisation which is usually associated with peacekeeping to seemingly change its
operational activities which has direct assistance to rebel causes. The highlights in the study will
help is getting greater insight to the topic.
2.2 Importance of political stability in the country
According to NATO: Formation, Principles, Objectives and Analysis of NATO (2016),
There is a great deal of importance of political stability in the country. Politically unstable
environment means the resources of the country are misused and mismanaged which further
creates great depression in the growth of the economy. Hence, political stability helps in
maximum utilization of the available resources leading to growth and development of the
country. However, in contrast to this, as pert he views of Kanet and Larivé, (2012), political
instability means high risk of collapse of the government due to conflicts or competition between
the political parties. The economy of the whole country is affected due to it. No important
legislation or act is passed in the country which can help in dealing with the tension present in
public. It leads to demoralised behaviour of the public promoting issues in freedom, basic human
rights of the people and stagnation of personal income of the people as well. It gives boost to
corruption, bribe and undue influence to the people working in the economy.
According to Barnes and Hoerber (2013), social harmony is the fundamental requirement
for economic development of the country. It is necessary that there is adequate amount
democratic environment, law and order, independent judiciary, etc. The guarantee being given to
the citizen for their protection will ensure good governance in the environment. Hence, political
stability is the much-needed aspect to serve this purpose of social harmony in the nation. Further,
political stability holds adequate amount of importance in framing economic policies and has
vital position in socio economic development of the country. The economic policies of the nation
include, fiscal, monetary and exchange rate policies which can further restore the economic

stability in the environment. It is beneficial for the country in the long run. Further, it has been
assessed that there is a strong association between economic growth of the country and its
foreign investment. Large inflow of foreign investment leads to higher economic growth. It
further helps in growing the GDP. No country tends to invest in the areas which is politically
unstable which can further hinder the growth. However, in contrast to this, as per the views of
Vrajolli and Kallaba (2012), political stability helps in introducing stable government which
further helps in attaining macro-economic stability. It requires realistic as well as practical vision
which attract foreign investment in different sectors of the country. Moreover, it also helps in
enhancing the productivity in the long run. In addition to this, the basic formation of government
happens through coalition. Any conflicts arising between the parties can have strong impact on
the economic condition of the country which can ultimately affects its profitability and Gross
Domestic Product as well. Hence, it can be formulated that there is a strong relationship between
economic growth and political stability of the country provided that adequate policies and rules
have been formulated to initiate it in the nation.
2.3 Formation and objectives of NATO
According to Formation of NATO (2015), NATO is a North Atlantic Treaty Organization
which is also known as North Atlantic Alliance, is inter-governmental treaty alliance between
varied North American and European member states. It is based on North Atlantic Treaty which
was signed on 4th April 1949 (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). It is a collaboration of
collective defence where the states attached to it have mutual understanding regarding defence of
the member countries if any of the external party attack on them. The main permanent members
of NATO include, United States, France and United Kingdom which are member for united
Nations Security Council. They also carry veto power with officially declared as nuclear
weapons states. There are 29 independent members of NATO covering the member countries of
North America and Europe (Kanet and Larive, 2012). Further, there are another 21 countries
who have active participation in NATO's program of peace. The organization have been found in
association with various wars and have been involved in bringing peace to the countries after it.
Some of the main functions of NATO are discussed as follows:
 The member states involved in NATO solve their disputes themselves which may arise
among them and reach to a common conclusion in order to create peaceful environment
in their country.

 The members states try to make their association with the other countries strong so as to
co-operate with them in friendly manner.
 Any attack or war that takes place in Europe or North America is treated as a matter of
concern for whole of the two regions.
 Another objective is to unite different countries of Europe and America and bring them
under one umbrella. It helps in bringing political stability in the environment further
coping up with military issues as well.
 It helps in saving the country from any attack that can take place due to the rivalry.
According to Diaconu (2016), there is high criticism about the establishment of NATO.
Some researchers and policymakers have the opinion that the formation of NATO initiated The
Cold War. Further, it has been analysed that the policy framework being formulated by the UN
are not followed by NATO creating conflicts between both these organisations. It has also
affected its functioning to the core. It has also divided the countries into two parts where there is
a group of the section who are happy and satisfied with the functions and deeds of NATO and
the other section does not like the activities being performed by it. There are strong opinions that
various other wars are the reason for NATO formation as there was no organization established
in the world which can regulate peace. Further, researcher claims that NATO is itself a barrier to
the peace of the world. It has been claimed that NATO has encouraged different countries to
progress their military weapons. It not only resulted in the initiation of cold war, but it also
encourages the enmity between Russia and America. However, in contrast to this, as per the
views of Oliker, McNerney and Davis (2015), with the membership of 28 active states of the
world, NATO is growing its outrage by the adoption of better policies and procedure. It can help
in serving the countries in best possible manner. The purpose has changed a lot in last 68 years
of its existence as per the changing economic and political environment of the country. It has the
clear vision to serve the rights of the civilians in such a manner that the nations can be promoted
towards economic development. It initiates economical and political stability of member nations
and ensures that all the adequate amount of advice is provided to them in case of requirement.
According to Hallams and Schreer (2012), the main aim of NATO is to protect the rights of
the civilians. Further, it helps in conducting and planning operations that can help in
understanding and improvising the diverse areas of politics in different countries. It assists in
crisis management and helps in enhancing the security measures which is the core strategic

concept of NATO. One of the objective of formation of NATO states that the countries must
promote democracy amongst the decisions so that they enjoy right to select their own
government which functions in the interest of all the citizens of the country. NATO helps in
formation of security policies as well with the help of the prevailing government. It helps in
assessing that what all matters is there that require major emphasis of the government and
objectives are framed based on it. In addition to this, political stability in the country helps in
building adequate amount of trust in the government further assisting in creating long term
relationships between the citizens and the government. As its main aims states, it helps in
safeguarding the freedom, common heritage, and civilization of the country in its members so
that stability and well-being can be promoted. It is considered as the world's most powerful
regional defence alliance.
2.4 Appropriateness of NATO being used as a political tool
As per the views of Daalder and Stavridis (2012), the worst crisis in the history of NATO
was when a dispute between Germany, France and US took place in 2003 for the invasion of
Iraq. There was no role of NATO is seizing, however, most of the other member countries of
NATO have played one or the other role in it by accompanying the countries whom they think
will be more profitable to them. NATO in the end helped in training the security forces of Iraq.
Since then, a new role of NATO came into force where it took the command of international
peacekeeping force in Afghanistan in 2003. The event took place due to growth in the awareness
level of global terrorist threats in the world. It set up its own 9000 rapid reaction force which can
take actions as and when crisis in the environment of the member countries arise. The forces
helped in taking quick actions by NATO as any difficulty or requirement of force is spotted in
the world. Further, it also caught with the issue when NATO government became reluctant to the
supply of reinforcement for the mission of Afghan. It raised the questions on the stability of the
alliance and performance of its duties up to its competency.
According to Campbell (2013), when different countries signed the allies of NATO in
order to become its members, there was no structure of military was created which can
coordinate into their actions. Further, the structure was then defined with time as with the aim to
reduce, prevent, address, and resolve the emerging conflicts in the member states of NATO. The
significant role of political stability is used by UK and US as a tool. As per the article 5 of the
treaty, it is stated that if any attack is suffered by any of the ally of NATO, it will be considered

as an attack being done on all. Sticking to the fact, it is important to have adequate amount of
integration in the politics so that collective actions can be taken but the member states to prevent
that one country from war and bring peace and political stability to it. However, in contrast to
this, as per the views of Kuperman (2013), it becomes really difficult for NATO when two of its
member states are involved in conflict as one has to be chosen to which services of NATO will
be supplied. Further, there are few countries who have a fear to be attacked by Russia. They
require serious security services from NATO. It can be stated that NATO is used as a political
tool in order to protect some countries from war. To serve this purpose it is important for the
organization to develop its security services in such a way that the countries can be protected in a
well-defined manner. Although, it is the situation which is related to resource requirements but
political support from different countries can only make this possible.
According to Engelbrekt, Mohlin and Wagnsson (2013), another political role of NATO
is to deal with the challenges that are emerging in the environment. It has been analysed that the
member states of NATO are in fear that they can get attacked through Russia which makes the
situation complicated and difficult to be handled. Based upon this situation, a policy has been
framed by NATO, that, if any country attack on military of its member states then in that case
immediate actions will be taken by NATO in order to save the nation from disaster. It has helped
in recovering to the situation prevailing in the environment and ensures stability in all its
functions. Hence, it can be articulated that, politics plays an important role in establishing peace
in the environment. However, as per the views of Odoemena (2016), several kinds of strategies
have been prepared to cope up with the situation further providing safety to the member states.
Moreover, a clear communication process is maintained with the government and other NATO
members. But it also has been assessed that the only fact does not prove that NATO’s
functioning is in political format but is only prepared to take appropriate actions in unfavourable
times or at the time of crisis.
2.5 Consequences of Libyan expedition which led to affecting NATO’s reputation
According to Thakur (2016), there are several situations which proved that Libyan
expedition happened to affect the reputation of NATO. It proved that the policies and rules
framed in NATO were used by various countries for their own sake and to save themselves from
war. It was 19 March 2011 when NATO began a military intervention in Libya. The decision
that was made by the NATO was based upon military operation in Libya which left the

organization into questions that what is the main purpose of the organization. It proved the point
that NATO has been used as a political tool by various strong countries, especially UK and US.
They tend to use it for their own safety, questioning over its existence as well as its purpose.
There was an aim where Libya was to be converted in the no-fly zone where the decision was
made consulting the government of UK, US and France. However, it is considered as an
unethical practice by NATO, as the pressure was received from various other member countries.
Since Germany and France were not in the favour of this mission and hence was turned down.
The air strike in Libya was against Libyan rebels in the Libyan civil war. The current situation
that is faced by Libya is due to the decision which was taken by NATO after coming under the
influence of some powerful countries. However, in contrast to this, as per the views of Olick
(2013), the disaster that took place in 2011 due to its decision left the country into chaos and
instability. The main objective of NATO is to provide stability and security to the countries that
are in need of it. The main mission was to protect the civilians from Qaddafi battle so that
appropriate environment could have been provided to them in order to resolve the conflict related
situation. However, NATO’s decision was criticised because it led to civil war in the nation,
driving the country towards various losses. However, it is also the fact that the decision made by
the organization helped in protecting some of the civilians but it was a huge loss to many as well.
Such kind criticism towards NATO’s decision led the organization to spoil its reputation which
was created since long years. It was also a question mark to the reputation of NATO which
violated its core mission of extending peace and political stability in the environment of different
countries. It also had an adequate impact on operations related activities of NATO as well.
2.6 Assistance of political stability towards growth of the economy and role of NATO in it
According to Reichard (2013), political stability is an important aspect of the growth of the
economy. It has been assessed that the two terms political stability and economic growth are
deeply interconnected. Uncertainty in the political stability can reduce the investment in the
country which can further promote lack of availability of funds in the market. It thereby hinders
the growth of economy of the country as well. However, on the other hand, degraded economic
performance of the country can lead to aggravate political unrest in the country. This leads to
fragile political order in the state leading to insecure environment for the people living in it as
well. However, in contrast to this, as per the views of Rühle (2012), a great role is played by
rules and policies that have been developed by the country to cope up with politically unstable

environment. The failure of market and failure of political standards go hand in hand. The role of
peace-making institutions is growing as they are indulged in rights of protection, regulating
structure with respect to politics and economy, developing quality judiciary and bureaucratic
competence and ascertaining independence to the nation. The quality of regulations adopted by
them helps in providing long run sustainable economic growth. It leads to ineffective decision
making with respect to investment, production and labour supply. The prime requirement of
peace keeping organization in this case is that they tend to introduce new principles, prepare
strategies to mitigate the risk, helps in getting foreign direct investment to promote economy etc.
Since, investors also p0refer an economy which is politically stable and can generate higher
return for them.
According to Techau (2015), political instability can be defined as tendency of the
government to collapse which lead to non-regulation of policies being framed by them. Its direct
impact is bore by various segments of the country which are, political systems, education, trade,
innovation and cultural arts. It brings stringent capture of freedom of people living in the
country. Peace making organization, such as NATO plays an important role in bringing peace to
the country back. It can further help in pushing the economy towards growth by making adequate
policies, regulating and mitigating risk, assessment of current political climate and making
changes in it as per the requirement. However, in contrast to this, as per the views of Åkermark
(2013), foreign direct investment plays an important role in lifting up an economy. However,
foreign investors drive towards investment in the company if there is politically stability in the
environment. It helps in understanding that there is a vital relationship between political aspects
and growth and stability of the economy. Lack of stability decreases the interest of investors and
hence leads of lack of funds in the economy. It further hinders economic growth as well.
According to Hallams and Schreer (2012), NATO helps in political stability of the
countries which are its signatory member states. The researcher claims that there is fear in the
world regarding NATO that all the allies come together to save the member states which makes
the war state unbeatable. At the time of tension in any member country, the power comes
together and helps in saving the small states. NATO helps in lifting up the country after war and
helps in bringing political stability and economic development back to the country so that it can
continue its operations with utmost pride as it was before the war took place. The alliance of
political stability helps in bringing balance of power which helps in postponing military

conflicts. The commitment from the team and shared values help in fighting with the counterpart
in such a manner that minimum possible destruction is caused in the member state. It also tries to
adhere to the principles being issued by the formed government of it various member states so
that no stated rules, regulations and policies are broken. It helps in bringing the social harmony
back to the country and ensures that all rights of the civilians are protected. However, in contrast
to this, asper the views of Rynning (2012), NATO is used as a political instrument because it is
considered as a collective security organization which has the aim not top only protect its
member state from any war or terror but it also ensures that the external enemy is stopped from
any fighting with one another. Hence, in this manner world peace is promoted by the
organization in a well organized manner.
2.7 Requirement of NATO to be used as political stability tool
According to Rühle (2014), the main purpose of NATO is to bring peace and political
stability to the country. However, the leading members of this peacekeeping organization, that is,
UK and US, is using it as a political tool only. The organization and its members are required to
abide by the article 5 that has been written in the rule book. It states that attack on any ally of the
corporation will be considered as attack on all. It is important that the countries share good
relationship so that collective decision can be made regarding to the support that is to be
extended to the nation involved in crisis or war. As per the certain allies such as Baltic which are
in doubt that which country they should support at the time of war or whether they should even
extend support or not. These countries have fear that whether they will get support from NATO
at the time of crisis or not. They are not sure regarding the policies being framed by NATO and
are in fear that they will also get attacked from Russia. It generates the requirement to improve
policies and procedures of NATO so that the nations can be brought into confidence that the
peacekeeping organization has always been able to keep its rules, regulations and functions
intact. However, in contrast to this, as per the views of Samaan and Lasconjarias (2013), another
important type of political role that is being currently played by NATO is to protect its member
nations from threat of attack from Russia. Owing to this fact, the organization have decided that
any political unrest or attack in the member country of NATO will attract immediate actions. It
has been involved in training its military forces in such a manner that adequate steps can be
taken to save the country when required. The current strategies are effective enough to be readily
implemented and indulge in taking serious actions. In order to serve the purpose, better

communication strategies have been adopted efforts are made to stay connected with the
government of member countries so that unrest situation can be determined as and when it
occurs. It helps in developing stronger political role in each estate of member country so that all
the activities being designed work in the right direction.
According to Bachmann and Gunneriusson (2015), the issue is debatable that NATO
should have political influence on the member country or not or it must only focus on military
alliance. It will reduce the interference of NATO in preparation of political rules and regulation.
Moreover, focussing on one aspect can help in delivering the best to the member states.
However, in contrast to this, as per the views of Bode and Makarychev (2013), NATO must have
its views regarding ongoing rules and regulations of politics in its member country. It helps in
taking better protection measures for the country at the time of crisis.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
The present study is carried out to analyse the political motivations that enabled an
organisation which is usually associated with peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational
activities which have direct assistance to rebel causes. After the effective completion of literature
review, the next step of the dissertation is to consider the research design and methodology. It is
important to diligently decide research approach, philosophy, design etc. so that dissertation can
give appropriate outcome, considering all the aims and objectives.
3.2 Type of investigation
It is important to choose appropriate type of investigation so that research can be
conducted effectively. There are basically two types of investigation, which are, qualitative
approach and quantitative approaches. The qualitative approach to research investigation is an
exploratory research which is used to assess the underlying reasons, opinions and motivation
regarding the subject matter. It helps in providing deeper insight of the problems which helps in
further developing ideas and reaching out to an effective conclusion after considering all the
important aspects of the research (Mavropoulos, 2014). This type of research is mainly used in
conducting research work regarding political science, social work, education researches etc.
Another type of research investigation is through quantitative method. Its main emphasis is
on measuring of the objectives and reaching to the conclusion in numerical terms. In order to
perform investigation through this type of method, various statistical, mathematical and
numerical tools and techniques are used. Hence, the data is collected through polls,
questionnaire, and survey. The results gathered are in numerical format and thus the result is then
generalised across the group pf people.
In the present research of political motivation, qualitative type of research investigation
will be used to analyse the data. The main reason is that it will help in understanding the reasons
and opinions on the stated aim of the research. It will help in providing in depth explanation to
pros and cons of NATO. Moreover, the method is flexible enough where different aspects of the
study can be changed in real time based upon the quality of data being gathered. Further,
quantitative methods will not be helpful in this case as it is difficult to analyse the different type
of data being collected. It is difficult to present the data in numerical terms.

3.3 Research Approach
There are mainly two types of research approach. They are, inductive and deductive
approach of research. Inductive approach proceeds from specific observation to broader
generalizations and theories. It is also called as bottom up approach. However, in case of
deductive approach, the research moves forward from more general to specific approach. It is
also known as top down approach. In the present dissertation on political motivation, deductive
approach of research has been used. It has helped in concluding the ideas in a well-defined
manner. Further, deductive research approach helps is giving detailed explanation to the study. It
will further move towards more abstract generalisation. Hence, it has been the best suited method
to conduct the present study on political motivation.
The main advantage of deductive approach is that it helps in developing knowledge based
upon the existing theories. Hence it is helpful in concreting the knowledge of the research with
respect to the subject matter. It is time saving process of research where rather than collecting the
data ad developing a theory, adequate amount of time is spent on practically applying the
existing theory and performing critical analysis on it. It is better for this research in comparison
to inductive research approach because, inductive approach is a time taking process. It is difficult
for every individual to discover something new and innovative which can prove to be frustrating
for the researcher. There are higher chances to reach on false conclusion which can make the
whole process of research pointless.
3.4 Research Design
Research design is the overall strategy that have made by the researcher in order to
integrate different components of the research in the most coherent and logical manner. It is a
blueprint of collecting, measuring and analysing the data (Tamburini, 2012). The research design
is classified into three types, these are, exploratory, descriptive and experimental research design.
Exploratory method of research design is used when the researcher is involved in studying the
problem which has not been explored and studied clearly (Tamburini, 2012). This method helps
in determining the best research design and data collection method. Descriptive research design
is helpful in describing the characteristics of the population sample. No change in the
environment is performed while collecting information for the study. Experimental research is
based on experiments where data is manipulated or controlled in order to understand the casual
process.

There is no clear definition to exploratory research as it is conducted on the issue which
is not being clearly defined. Further, there is no conformity that relevant amount of information
will be gathered from this research design or not. It is a formal approach where data is collected
based on available data and no new data is explored for the purpose of research. Same is the case
with experimental research, there are higher chances that the study can reach to artificial results
where the replication of results of one situation is different from the other. In that case, both the
other methods of research hold no importance in conducting the present research on political
motivation.
In this research on political motivation, descriptive method of research design has been
used as it is the best suited for the study. The goal of this type of design is to make
comprehensive summarisation of specific events that are taking place in the environment. It is
considered as an innovative tool for the researcher and can help in exploring the topic in a well-
defined manner. Hence, descriptive type of research design has been used to conduct the study
and reach a desirable outcome.
3.5 Research Philosophy
Research philosophy is the method through which the data is gathered, analysed and used
to reach the results. It is considered as one of the important aspects of research methodology. It
can be classified into two categories namely interpretivism and positivism (Mazarei, 2012).
There is a significant difference between the two research philosophies and have its application
to the different types of research. Positivism is used in case if research is scientific in nature.
However, in contrary to this, Interpretivism method is used when the research type is not
scientific enough. In the present dissertation of political motivation, interpretivism has been used
due to the research being non-scientific in nature (Mazarei, 2012).
3.6 Data Collection
Data collection is considered as one of the important aspect of any research. Hence, it is
important for any researcher to plan this aspect of research methodology very diligently. There
are basically two types of data collection. One of primary source of data collection and another is
secondary source of data collection. In case of primary source of data, first hand information is
collected through polls, surveys and questionnaire. Interview method is also commonly used to
collect this type of data. Primary data is originally collected by the researcher in order to serve
the purpose of research. Secondary data is the data that has been collected by some other person

or researcher and not be the current investigator. Some of the common sources of collecting
secondary information includes, information of census, reports published by government
department, newspaper articles, blogs, books, journals etc.
The main disadvantage of collection of primary data is that the process is time taking and
expensive enough which may not satisfy the budgetary objectives of researcher. Since, the study
is required to be started from the beginning, there are various factors which are involved in
collecting the data. These are, understanding the questionnaire, finding out correct set of
participants, running the study, analyse the results and then reach on to a conclusion. The limited
time availability with the participants can affect the results. In the present research of political
motivation, it is difficult to collect the data from all the respondents and hence it will not be
beneficial method for collection of data. Further, secondary research carries will be able to fulfil
the objectives of the research and hence has proved to be the option in comparison to that of
primary data collection method.
In the present research of political motivation, secondary method of data collection has
been used to collect relevant data in order to conduct the study in effective manner. It has helped
the researcher to gather knowledge regarding the topic which is not known to the investigator. It
helps in understanding the subject in a well-defined manner. The main advantage of secondary
research is that it helps researcher to clarify the research question and gather the information that
is more authentic and less expensive. However, the main difficulty of conducting primary
research is that it is time consuming as well as expensive. Further, the subject that has been
chosen by the researcher for study purpose requires secondary research rather than primary one
to reach to some desired results.
3.7 Data Analysis
Data analysis is one of the most important parts of research methodology and hence
adequate amount of time investment must be made to choose the same. The researcher has
analysed all type of data analysis methods to find the best-suited method for the present research
study. The data can be analysed qualitatively or quantitatively. In the qualitative type of data
analysis, thematic technique can be used to analyse the data. However, in case of the quantitative
type of analysis, statistical tools are used such as SPPSS where the results are received in
numerical terms. In the present study of political motivation, qualitative method of data analysis

will be used where the collected data that will be gathered through secondary research will be
thematically analysed appropriately.
The main issue that is related to quantitative data collection is that it is an expensive and
time-consuming process since it requires appropriate software through which data can be
analysed by the researcher. Moreover, analysis of data requires is a difficult task and a person
with a non-statistical background may not be able to do the analysis effectively. The process is
long enough where the research may lose its importance in that duration. The approach is said to
be more complex in comparison to the other social science approaches due to these reasons. In
case of qualitative approach, the researcher can collect detailed picture regarding the subject
matter. It is an easy method which can help in presenting and determining the risk. Further, the
risk can also be arranged based on priorities which may not be possible in the quantitative
method of data analysis. Hence, qualitative data analysis will help in serving the requirement of
this research of political motivation, the same has been used for the study.
In the present research, thematic type of data analysis is the best-suited method for study
as a secondary type of data collection has been used to collect the data. It will be easier for the
researcher to opt for this type of analysis (Chaban et al., 2017).
3.8 Validity and reliability
It is important for the researcher to opt for appropriate research tools and techniques so that
the results are authentic enough to rely upon. Validity have direct relation to collection of factual
and logical information while collecting the data from secondary sources. While conducting the
research, internal validity is performed and external validity can be gained through generalizing
the results to the whole population present in the investigation. The main reason of collecting
valid data is to reach out to a specific and validated results for the present research. In order to
conduct the present investigation, secondary sources are used to collect the information which
are valid enough to be used in the current study.
Reliability is another concept to be used by the researcher while opting for any study. In
the scenario, it is important to use reliable sources of data collection. It helps in stabilizing and
getting consistent results from the study. In the present research of political motivation which
aims to analyse the political motivations that enabled an organisation which is usually associated
with peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational activities which has direct assistance to
rebel causes; reliable data has been collected to conduct the investigation. Hence, the collected

data is reliable enough so that the reader can rely upon the results of it. All the authentic and
valid sources are used to collect the information. Further, biasness has been reduced to the
minimum so that every aspect of the research is handled carefully (Birdsall, 2015).
The general indication of validity is on the soundness of the research. It is important that
the research methods that have chosen by the researcher are valid enough and can further assist
in reaching to a desired and valid conclusion. The data collection method that has been chosen
for the present research must be valid enough so that the results received can appropriately be
generalised on a particular group. It helps in reducing the distortion in the results that can alter
the research outcomes accordingly. One of the measure of reliability that has been used in this
research is internal consistency of the items that has been used in the study. They are directly
related to the subject matter. It helps in receiving stabilized results for the research. Further, the
concept of reliability ensures that the methods that has been used in the study for data analysis
are reliable enough to produce effective results. Further, reliable results are stable and consistent
enough to be applied and generalised on respective population. The common method of testing
the reliability of the research is that making an assessment of the research results using internal
and external reliability factors. Hence, it has been ensured that the method that has been used by
the researcher is present research is effective enough to produce reliable and validated results for
the present research.
3.9 Ethical consideration
Adhering to the ethical practices is considered to be an important aspect while conducting
a study irrespective of the fact that what type of research has been conducted by the researcher.
Some of the common codes of ethics includes, honesty, social responsibility, confidentiality,
non-discriminatory behaviour etc. these are the basic codes, however, there are certain other
ethical aspects that are required to be considered by the researcher while conducting the study.
When a research is conducted, it is important to consider all the ethical aspects that can be
responsible to affect the study or the people attached to it. In the present study of NATO on
political motivation, the researcher has considered the following ethical aspects:
 Restricted access: In the present research, there was a situation when some important
websites were blocked and data could have been used with due permission from the
researcher. In that case, prior permission was taken by the researcher so that the content on
the website can be used in the present study (Bjereld and Möller, 2015). It is unethical to

access to the website and retrieve data from it which have restricted access. It is a necessary
for the researcher rot take prior permission from the researcher so that it do not come under
the unethical boundaries of practices.
 Citing the work: There are various studies that has already been conducted by some other
researcher. Hence, to use or reflect the information being used by some other researcher, it is
important to cite his work. In the present study, work of several researchers has been referred
and hence adequate citing has been done on it. Proper citation with appropriate format of
referencing has been used in then research so that no legal actions are taken by them. Neither
any content has been pasted as it is rather the researcher has convert it in his own words. It
also saved him from plagiarism rules followed in the country. It shows that the respect and
adequate amount of acknowledgement is extended to the person who have appropriate
contribution in the research.
 Presentation of balanced arguments: It is important for the researcher to do not disclose
half of the facts that can deviate the thinking behaviour of the reader. Both positive and
negative aspect of every fact is discussed in the report so that there is no deviation in the
results. Since, the present dissertation holds the strength to change the perspective of
individuals regarding NATO, in that case, no incorrect information has been provided in the
dissertation and all the facts and figures are properly disclosed and authenticated with the aim
to adhere to the ethical aspects of research (Knutsen, 2012).
3.10 Research Limitations
The overall process of research is challenging enough and hence there are various problems
that can arise for the researcher in this path. In that case, there are various limitations that can be
faced by the researcher in conducting the present study. In the current investigation of political
motivation, there are various limitations faced by the researcher. Some of them are mentioned as
under:
 Long and time taking process: Conduction of research requires both time and money.
Sometimes the duration of the research is so long that it losses its relevance as well. Further,
it is not possible to consider all the aspects which can generate gap in the study. Thus, it can
limit the available information that is being used by the investigator (Gaub, 2013). In order to
overcome this limitation, a Gantt chart was prepared by the researcher so as to specify the

duration that would have been required to conduct each and every aspect of the study. Hence,
he was able to fulfil all the important aspects of the research in specified time limit.
 Lack of secondary information: Collection of secondary information is the main aspect of
this study as the whole research is based on secondary data collection. Some of the websites
cannot be visited due to restricted access where the researcher is not able to gather the
information that is relevant enough for the research. Hence, there is a high possibility that the
investigator must have missed the information that could have been fruitful for the chosen
research topic. In order to overcome this limitation, the researcher has only relied upon the
sources which are reliable enough and provide authentic facts and figures. Moreover, it has
been tried that are the latest available data is used to gather secondary information which has
not lost its relevance over a period of time.
 Biasness in data: Since, the topic that has been used by the researcher is politically
influenced, there can be some slight of biasness in the secondary data being collected by the
researcher (Maltby, S. and Thornham, 2012). The concept may be explained in one way in
one researcher and could have been critically analysed in the other one due to belongingness
of the researcher to other country. It could have deviated the data to some extent. In that case,
appropriate use of reliable sources has been made so that the actual results from the research
is not deviated and biased. Some of the errors and biasness is involuntary which can be
caused due to confusion and carelessness. It can be in the process of organizing and
distributing the data, where the no care has been extended by the researcher on quality of
data. Other type of most common errors performed by the researcher are, conceptual errors
which are commonly performed due to wrong interpretation to the concept that is being
discussed in different sources (Klinge, 2015). In order to avoid these types of errors, the
researcher of present dissertation have taken appropriate steps. All the negative and positive
aspects of the collected information is assessed in order to reach to a non-deviated and
authentic conclusion. It has also ensured that the results being gathered by the researcher are
effective enough so that the study has no biased or non-conceptual data in it.

CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Introduction
Findings and discussion are considered as one of the important chapters of the whole
dissertation. The thematic technique is used to analyse the data that has been collected by the
researcher through secondary sources of data. To assess the findings of the aim which is to
analyse the political motivations that enabled an organisation which is usually associated with
peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational activities which have direct assistance to rebel
causes; various themes will be identified. Various important aspects that are included in the
dissertation will be discussed to make the present knowledge of the stated subject concrete.
4.2 Thematic Analysis
Theme 1: Importance of NATO in peacekeeping
NATO is considered as an organization which was set up with the sole aim of peace
keeping in its member states. The important role is played by strategies that has been framed by
the organization. Further, it helps in providing adequate amount of support to its member states
so that they can prepare effective political strategies for their country. Further, it has also been
notices that conflicts between the country can affect the economy. At that time, NATO comes to
rescue so that the economic growth of the country can be revived back. High conflicts between
the political parties can collapse the government and increase the risk of political instability. As
the literature review suggests, according to the views of Formation of NATO (2015), NATO has
been framed as an inter-governmental treaty which has the main objectives of providing
politically stable environment to the member states and provide security services to the nations
who are at war. Further, the literature review suggests that it also helps in dissolving the disputes
by implementing better policies in the estate which further safeguards the freedom and
civilization of the country. Hence, it can be ascertained that NATO plays an important role in
peacekeeping in its member states. The main permanent members of NATO are, United
Kingdom, United States and France.
Theme 2: Appropriateness of NATO to be used as political tool
One of the main objective of formation of NATO is to protect the rights of the civilians
which can be done by conducting proper planning so that political aspect can be improved in
diverse manner. It helps in suggesting better measures that are effective enough and can bring

political stability if the state adopts that plan. NATO have been able to successfully suggest and
reduce the risk of attacks in its permanent member nations which as UK, US and France. It tries
to promote democracy so that the rights of people living in the country are kept protected. It is
considered as one of the most powerful regional alliance being made for defence. As per the
views of Engelbrekt, Mohlin and Wagnsson (2013), literature review suggests, it is the role of
NATO to deal with the changes that are occurring in political environment of the country. It
helps in providing stability to it by suggesting appropriate strategies. It saves the nation from any
conflict that can bring unrest to the country. It also tries to maintain clear communication with
the government of the estate so that actions can be moulded accordingly at the time of crisis.
Further, it can be inferred that NATO plays an important role in peacekeeping in the countries
which are its member states.
Theme 3: The appropriateness of the influence of the UK and US
UK and US are considered as the permanent members of NATO. There is a greater
influence of the perspective of UK and US on decision making function of NATO. The main role
of NATO is to manage crisis all around the world in the allies which are the member state of
NATO. It has been assessed that there is a great role for US and UK in the wellbeing of NATO .
Any change in the regime have strong and significant impact on the member states. Further, in
case of UK, it lays an important role in maintaining the power of NATO. The lead is taken by the
country in military matters and makes sure that the best is provided to the allies of North Atlantic
Treaty Organization. The level of expectation from the side of NATO is not fulfilled by various
countries. In that case, UK takes the lead when it comes to military and political matters. The
literature review suggests that, political stability is one of the major aspect of any country which
drives it towards development and growth. The well being of civilians of different country is
promoted and ensures that nations are profitable enough and free from any tension state. The
structure of peacekeeping organization is designed in such a manner that it brings peace and
stability to the countries. In order to fulfil this goal, UK and US are given utmost high security so
that it can be protected from any war taking place at the geographical borders. They are required
to abide by the rules that has been indicated in Article 5 of the rule book. Hence, it can be said
that there will be a significant impact on UK and US due o changing regime of NATO because
of their high involvement (Rühle, 2014).

Theme 4: Assessment of political damage done to NATO’s reputation due top Libyan
expedition
It is important for the organization to maintain its image in front of its member state so
that its main functions of bringing political stability in the countries can be very well established.
However, there are various incidence when the organization was not able to live up to the
expectations of its several member states while delivering its duties as a peace keeping
organization. It is because, the decisions taken by it was influential to the stronger countries
which lead to damaging the reputation of NATO. The literature review suggests that Libyan
expedition that took place on 19 March 2011, led the entity into question that whether it has been
able to serve its main purpose or not. The decision made by NATO made the other member
states to believe that the decisions taken by NATO are strongly influenced by UK, US and other
stronger countries. Some other members also involved in questioning its existence and its
political and military motive formed as an objective. The air strike in the country led it into
losses. The decision was made by coming under the influence of UK, US and France. Secondary
sources in literature suggests that the decision taken by NATO led the country into huge losses.
The present condition of Libya is due to the influential decision being made by NATO. The civil
was being introduced in the nation was due to the choice made by NATO while delivering its
duties to member state. It questioned the main motive of NATO that is, providing political
stability and military interventions to the member state which are is great need of it (Campbell,
2013).
Theme 5: Strategies to improve the political role of NATO
It is important that the main objective of any organization is fulfilled. In case of NATO,
the main aim of the organization is to maintain peace in the world. It also aims at establishing
political stability at its signatory member states so that economic growth can be promoted in the
nations (Schreer, 2012). It is necessary that this aim of the organization is fulfilled. It has been
assessed that after Libyan Expedition there are lots of questions mark of the functioning of
NATO. It is important for the organization to opt for the methods that can bring back the brand
image of NATO back. In order to achieve this goal., the peacekeeping organization will be
required to formulate the strategies. The common suggested strategy for the same is to have
active engagement with the countries who are currently facing issues in their states. It can be in

the form of unsecured regions, involvement in the war, politically and economically unstable,
lack of resources for growth etc. It can also indulge in research practices where it can find the
areas for new security environment and provide services to it. Another measure that can be
adopted by NATO is to increase the number of member states and create allies. It will help in
development of trust of people on this organization and bring its reputation back which was
stabbed after expedition in Libya. Further, strengthening the security dimension is another
method with the help of which the alliance can opt for new strategy (Brenner, 2016).
The literature review suggests that there is a greater requirement for the organization to
opt for better strategies so that it can get better reputation in near future. There is as requirement
to get substantial control over its arms which will help in maintaining ad expanding military
transparency. Further, rather than depending upon US, UK and France, for decision making
practices, NATO must form its own decision-making team so that the ultimate decision taken by
the organization is not biased toward ay of the its member states. It will also help in reducing the
dependence of peacekeeping organization on any particular country. Continuous reforms in the
moves of NATO are required to ensure that it is changing with the differentiated dynamics in the
world. One of the fundamental duty of NATO is to have crisis management in the countries
which are facing issues. It holds the authority and capability to manage the developing crisis in
the country before the conflicts reach to ineffective state where the position become
uncontrollable. Hence, it can be assessed that there is a requirement to adequately change the
Performa of NATO’s rules and regulation for its effective implementation.

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
NATO is considered to be an important organization in order to deliver peace across the
international boundaries. Further, the main aim of the organization is to provide security with the
help of politics and military services that are extended to signatory members of the country. As
per the Article 5 of the treaty it has been assessed that attack on one-member state of the
organization is considered to be an attack on all allies. In that scenario, all the allies come
together so that that country in the war zone can be protected from any negative impacts.
Moreover, adequate steps are taken post war for the uplift of the organization so that its
economic state can be improved which was hard hit at the time of war (Deutsch, 2015).
The present dissertation aims “To analyse the political motivations that enabled an
organisation which is usually associated with peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational
activities which has direct assistance to rebel causes.” Based on the framed aim for the research
various objectives are also formulated so that all the important aspects of the research can be
studied in an effective manner (Klabbers, 2015). In order to conduct the research in a well-
defined manner all the important aspects such as limitations, ethical consideration, rationale of
the research, etc. is framed to set its relevance and ascertain that the conducted research is
effective enough. It ensures that the study is conducted in appropriate manner without missing
out any important aspect. Rigorous amount of literature review has been performed where
various aspects of aim of the research are being critically analysis. The data is collected through
secondary sources, such as, books, journals, online sources, etc. It helped in concreting the
knowledge regarding NATO’s objectives and goals. It also helped in assessing the role of NATO
as a political stability tool. The literature review has also been able to gather data regarding
Libyan expedition which helped in gathering information regarding the events which
significantly affected the reputation and image of the organization. Further, NATO is considered
to be an important organization as the permanent member of it are, US, UK and France. The
interference of these three countries have also been critically analysed in the dissertation. The
amount of knowledge that has been gathered through Literature review has been channelized to
reach to effective conclusion and outcomes (Rittberger, Zangl and Kruck, 2012).
After literature review the dissertation have moved towards assessment of research
methodologies that has been used to carry out this research. All the important aspect of research

methods has been taken into considering further justifying the reason for choosing the particular
research methods. In order to do so, the positives and negatives of the research methods have
been assessed. In the present research of political motivation, descriptive research design has
been used which helped the researcher to analyse the events in detail. Further, the research
philosophy that has been used for the study is interpretivism which has helped in interpreting
various elements of the study. Only that type pf data is gather that will be useful for the study. It
ultimately makes the study specific (Kirchner and Dominguez, 2013). The research type used in
the study is qualitative where in depth knowledge is collected regarding the subject matter. It
helps in avoiding all the unbiased results and assist in collecting right kind of information. The
research approach used in the research is deductive approach where the already available data
has been analysed. It helps in analysing already existing theories so that all the concepts of
NATO and opinions available are analysed in effective manner. Another important aspect of
research methodology is data collection for which secondary source of information is analysed
for the present research. Common forms that has been utilised for this purpose includes,
collection of data through books, journals, data available of website of NATO etc. It has helped
in collecting adequate amount of data for the same and reach to an effective conclusion. Further,
qualitative research technique has been used where themes are formulated in order to analyse the
data. The phenomenon has been useful to collect in-depth knowledge regarding the subject
matter. The method is found to be suited for the particular research (Ronit and Schneider, 2013).
The research methods chosen by the researcher proved to be effective for the study. It helped the
researcher to gather adequate amount of data for the subject matter. Moreover, it also helped in
receiving valuable outcome for the objectives being framed for the research.
The data collected was analysed in terms of themes related to the research objectives. The
first objective of the research was, “To assess whether it is appropriate for NATO to be used as a
political tool by which to further the regime change desires of its leading members (the US and
the UK). It can be concluded from the research objective that NATO is an effective instrument
that can be used as a political tool as it helps the country to regain its power after war. In order to
fulfil this duty, the rules and regulations are changed in such a manner that it helps the country to
lift up and become powerful (Oliker, McNerney and Davis, 2015). The main aim is to protect the
rights and interest of civilians where democratic policies are framed. NATO also plays an
important role in reducing terrorism to such as extent that it does not interfere in the basic

functions of the country. The leading member of NATO are UK and US. It has been assessed
that all the key decisions in NATO takes place after full fledged discussion with UK and US.
Hence, they play a vital role if any regime of the organization is changed. It also interrupts in
decision making for other nations as well (Davutoglu, 2012). It has been inferred that it is not
right to have so much of interference in decision making policies. It reflects biasness towards
different countries where preference is given to UK and US. Hence, it can be concluded from the
first objective that, NATO’s role as a political tool is indispensable. However, the main barrier is
due to higher involvement of leading member states in decision making, that is UK and US
(Kallfass and Schlaak, 2012).
The second objective of the research was, “To evaluate the potential damage done to
NATO's reputation (in the Eastern world) as a consequence of the Libyan expedition.” The
decision making that was made in case of Libya by NATO was influenced by United States. It
was the reason which introduced civil war in the world. The set back on from the results was that
there were various countries who withdraw their membership from NATO. Moreover, the trust
of people and different countries over NATO declined. It was incident after which various
countries do not opt for protecting any country at the time of crisis. It also declined the interest of
people over the functioning and decision making of NATO (Oma, 2012). The judgement brought
Libya at deteriorated economic state and NATO’ decision making is considered to be the reason
of this state of Libya. Further, it was the reason of hampering world peace. It was assessed that
the peace keeping organization was itself the reason of deteriorating peace in the world. Further,
it can be concluded from the second objective that, there was significant amount of damage that
was borne by NATO due to the consequences of Libyan expedition.
In the end, it can be concluded from the whole dissertation that, NATO plays an important
role in regulating peace all around the world. An organization which was formed in 1949 was
able to fulfil its duties up to a certain extent. The aim of the organization is to maintain political
and military services to the member states and signatories of the peace keeping organization. It
was also assessed from the report that there is a strong interference of UK and USA in delivering
its duties as these are considered to be the key member signatories of this organization. The other
role of NATO is to maintain and act for the interest of the civilians so that they can be provided
with the best place to live. Further, there are various issues prevailing in the organization were
assessed that are the trouble makers in delivering the duties. Trouble shooting of these problems

have been done so that the best practices can be recommended as the strategy for the
organization. Further, report has made adequate analysis of the rights of duties of NATO where
the main responsibility of the organization is to maintain political aspects in the world. However,
there are certain drawbacks of its functioning which are adequately discussed in the report in
detail. The report has outlined all the important aspects of NATO. Hence in the end, it can be
concluded that the aim of analysing the political motivations that enabled an organisation which
is usually associated with peacekeeping to seemingly change its operational activities which has
direct assistance to rebel causes has successfully been achieved.
5.2 Recommendation
The functioning of NATO is exceptional as a peace keeping organization. However, there
are certain strategies that can be adopted by the organization for its better functioning. Some of
the recommendations that can be extended to such organization are as follows:
 Increase membership: Currently there are 28 member states to whom the organization is
involved in delivering its motives and objectives. Out of 193 member countries of
United nations and 2 independent members, that is, in total 195 countries in the world,
only 28 are attached to NATO. In that case, it is required to increase the trust of other
countries as well so that all it can initiate reduction in the conflicts all around the world.
In that scenario, NATO will be able to achieve the aim of being peace keeping
organization. Moreover, new alliance and cooperation will help in reforming the
characteristic of new and existing allies as well (Daalder and Stavridis, 2012).
 Reducing the interference of leading member states: It has been assessed that there is a
greater degree of involvement of leading member states of NATO, these are, United
States, United Kingdom and France. These countries have higher amount of interference
in decision making policies of NATO. It is the reason due to which various countries are
not able to build up trust over NATO (Zyga, 2012). The reason of not extending help to
various member countries happen to be the interference of these countries. Hence, it is
advised to NATO to reframe its policies and opt for independent decision making rather
than having heavy dependence on its leading members.
 Encouragement of reforms: It has been seen the reforms are required to be altered as
per the prevailing economics dynamics in the country. Hence, it is recommended for
NATO to support democratic reforms in the countries so that civilians can get their

rights. Moreover, giving preference to democratic control rather than autocratic or
military one can help the member states to expand (Lavallée and Völkel, 2015). Promotion of neighbour relationships: In order to effectively use the aim and fulfil the
objective, it is important for peace keeping organization to promote good neighbourly
relationship amount the countries. It will help in reducing the conflicts to the minimum.
Moreover, expansion of goof relationships will also help Euro Atlantic countries to grow
and expand economically as well as politically (Welsh, 2012). Emphasis on defence: Adequate amount of emphasis on defence and expansion of its
benefits will help in increasing the transparency level in defence planning. It will also
reduce conflicts at the border lines. Moreover, NATO will be able to get involved in
better decision-making strategies in this way. Strengthen the ability of alliance: Strengthening the ability of the alliance will help in
better contribution towards the member states. The current aim of the organization is to
ensure that all the political and military issues are resolved that are going on in the
signatory member states (Vysotskaya Guedes Vieira, 2014). Working over the current
abilities and performing adequate actions so that its current practices can be improved
can help in better delivery of services. The peace keeping operations can be rendered in
a well-defined manner (Amorim and et.al., 2013). Assessment of current policies and procedures: There are various times when NATO
has not been able to deliver its duties effectively due to which the image of the
organization was affected to the core. It is due to which requirement to analyse the
current policies and practices has arose in the organization. Hence, it is required for the
organization to make an assessment and ensure to change the policies and procedures in
such a manner that it can improve its functions in the market. It will also help the
organization to deliver its duties in an effective manner (Renz, 2016).

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