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Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition - Doc

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Added on  2019-11-20

Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Cognition - Doc

   Added on 2019-11-20

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To what extent is the prefrontal cortex impairment hypothesis supported?The hypothesis states that sleep deprivation creates negative effects on cognitiveperformance and alertness and this is related to brain activity and function decrease. Thisdecrease in activity occurs in thalamus and the prefrontal cortex which is involved inattention and alertness and higher-order cognitive processes. The study tested 17 subjects forchanges in brain activity during 85 hours of sleep deprivation. During the 18FDG uptake,each of which occurred for 30 minutes, the subjects participated in SD serial addition andsubtraction tasks. Polysomnographic analysis revealed that the subjects were awake. Thecerebral metabolic rate for glucose showed a global decrease of 8% and 3-7% more decreasein regional values after the twenty four hour sleep deprivation stage. The decrease wasobserved in posterior parital cortex and the thalamus. A decrease was also observed in thecerebellar vermis, medial temporal cortex and right ventral cerebellar hemisphere. Moreover,cognitive performance and alertness showed a decline with the deactivation of brain regions.Thus, the study provided evidence for substantiating the relation between normal functioningof the brain and sleep. It also proved that sleep deprivation for a short period decreases brainactivity. The corticothalamic network activity, which controls cognitive skills and attention,gets reduced significantly. Hence, it proved association between sleep deprivation, reducedbrain activity and decline in cognition.To what extent is the state instability hypothesis supported by the study? The state instability hypothesis is supported to a lesser extent. The hypothesis statesthat sleep deprivation affects the performances which rely on certain fundamentalneurobehavioral processes that are sensitive to this instability. The hypothesis also states thatattention components like sustaining attention over long periods of time acts as a potentialcandidate for the important neurobehavioral processes in the brain and are extremely
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