Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance in UK Hospitality Sector: A Study on Ritz

This study focuses on the impact of training and development on employee performance in the UK hospitality sector, with a case study on Ritz. The study uses quantitative research methods and identifies that effective training sessions can improve employee performance and brand image. The study recommends the best training sessions for Ritz to improve employee performance.

LC572 Quantitative Research Methods
for Social Scientists

ABSTRACT
The present study is based upon the training and development and its impact over the
employee performance. Therefore, by applying quantitative study and selecting 20 employees of
Ritz, it has been identified that majority of them are happy with the training session provided by
the company. Also, it has identified from the inferential statistics that there is no association
between the variable and this in turn shows that the views of the selected participants may varies
due to change in training sessions. That is why, it can be stated that by implementing effective
training session, company can improve the brand image and lead towards a job satisfaction.

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
METHODS......................................................................................................................................5
Research approach.......................................................................................................................5
Participants..................................................................................................................................5
Data collection methods..............................................................................................................5
Target participants.......................................................................................................................5
Ethical considerations..................................................................................................................5
Data analysis................................................................................................................................6
FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................6
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................10
Appendix 1: statistical data........................................................................................................10
Appendix 2: Cross tabulation data.............................................................................................22
Appendix 3: Questionnaire........................................................................................................40
Appendix 4: response table........................................................................................................43

Title: To determine the impact of training and development upon employee performance
within UK hospitality sector: A study on Ritz.
INTRODUCTION
Training and development are the important key aspect of HRM which is used by the
firm in order to improve the skills and performance. Mamy, Shabbir and Hasan (2020) explained
in their study that training sessions need to be included within the workplace that motivate
employees to attain the defined goals. Further, the impact of using training and development
sessions assist company to improve the overall brand image and raise employee performance. In
this competitive era, there is a need to raise the personal as well as professional skills within a
workplace so that effective outcome can be generated. Along with this, it can be stated that
hospitality industry mainly conduct training sessions as per the need of employee performance
such that leadership training, they mainly ready their employees to be a leader and improve the
workplace performance. Similarly, it has been identified by Sung and Choi (2018) that with the
help of effective training session, company provide a chance to improve the skill so that the goal
of a company can be met.
In addition to this, it can be stated that there are many challenges faced by the company
while implementing training sessions and this include hiring wrong trainer that affect the
business performance and high cost of training that sometime not even fruitful. That is why, it
can be stated that when the company implement such session, need to be ensure that all the
aspects are met. The study is based upon hospitality industry in which Ritz as a company chosen
that deals in different areas to serve the best for their customers.
The objectives of the study are as mentioned below:
 To identify the concept of training and development
 To ascertain different methods used by hospitality section regarding training and
development
 To analyse the relationship between the Ritz’s T&D session with employee performance.
 To recommend the best training session to Ritz that help to improve employee
performance.

METHODS
Research approach
For the present study only quantitative study has been adopted that provide accurate
results pertaining to training and development sessions and its impact over the employee
performance. This in turn help to determine how the areas has affected the employee
performance (Snyder, 2019).
Participants
For the present study 10 males and 10 females of Ritz has been selected which in turn
assist to determine the impact of training and development upon employee performance.
Data collection methods
Both primary and secondary data collection methods has been used for the present study.
Such that under primary study survey method has been used in which questionnaire (as attached
in the appendix) is designed that helps to improve the overall performance (Pandey and Pandey,
2021). Further, under secondary data collection methods, only secondary sources have been used
which include books, journals and website that help to determine the trend followed by
hospitality industry regarding training and development.
Target participants
The participants can be targeted randomly in which employees are randomly selected
from the group and this in turn help to answer the research question effectively.
Ethical considerations
Consent form need to be signed prior to the study that ensure that all the respondents are
ready to answer question. Data protection act need to be complied that helps to make sure that
the researcher prevent the personal information (Zangirolami-Raimundo, Echeimberg and Leone,
2018). Also, reference list has to be added at the end of the report that ensure entire research is
complied with ethical consideration.

Data analysis
SPSS as a data analysis method has been used which in turn assist to create a better
outcome and provide authentic results. This in turn assist to determine how training and
development session has create a direct impact over the employee performance.
FINDINGS
From the table 2 it has been identified that 40% of the selected candidate fall under the
age of 25 to 35 years whereas 25% of them stated that they are belongs to 36 to 45 and 46 to 55
years. Only 10% of them stated that they are above 56 years.
From the table 3, it has been interpreted that 50% of them are males and 50% of them are
females.
In accordance with the table 9, it has been identified that majority of the selected
candidate from Ritz stated that training session helps to improve the employee performance.
Such that 9 out of 20 stated yes and 6 out of 20 stated no whereas 5 of them do not know about
the same.
As per the table 13, it has been identified that the selected candidate whose age is 25 to
35 are stated yes and 2 of them stated no. Whereas the people whose age is in between 36 to 45
in which 5 of them stated yes and more than 56 years people stated that no company do not
implement effective training and development session. Further, according to table 14, it has been
identified that there is alternative hypothesis has accepted because the value of asump sig is
greater than 0.05 and this shows that there is no association between the variable. Further, table
15 entails that there is strong relationship between the variable because the value of phi/cramer
shows is 0.60
In accordance with the table 46, it has been interpreted that majority of males stated that
training session provided by Ritz is quite effective such that out of 10 4 of them stated effective,
while 3 of them stated not relevant at all and 1 is not sure whereas 2 stated that it is very
effective. Also, table 47 reflected that there is no association between the views of gender with
the effectiveness of training because the value of p is greater than 0.05. Moreover, table 48

reflected that there is moderate association between the variable because the value of phi/cramer
is 0.43 which falls in moderate relationship.
Under Cross tabulation, it has been identified from table 55 that out of 10 males 4 of
them stated nothing regarding the employee behavior changes whereas 3 of them are highly
agreed. On the other side, 5 females are agreed that employees behavior has change since
enrolling for employee’s training and development session. On the other side, table 56 stated that
there is null hypothesis accepted because the value of asymp. sign is greater than 0.05. However,
table 57 entails about phi-cramer value that there is a strong association between the value
because 0.55 is fall under the category of 0.50 to 0.69.
DISCUSSION
From the primary research it has been identified that majority of the selected candidate
from Ritz are highly satisfied with the training session organized by the Ritz which in turn shows
that employee performance are increases and cause impact upon the productivity as well.
Further, it has been also reflected though the cross tabulation that there is no association between
the variable however phi/cramer value reflected strong relationship. That is why, it can be stated
that company need to focus upon the different ways through which employee performance can
be improved. Taufek and Mustafa (2018) has also supported the same that if a company
implement different training sessions then the chances of improving skills, capabilities will be
high. As a result, it causes a direct impact over the organizational performance as well. That is
why, it can be stated that as per the employee requirement the training session need to be
changed because there is a direct association between performance. So, companies need to gain
and retain the top talent that help to increase job satisfaction which contribute to earn profit as
well.
Overall, it can be stated that training and development session are made for grooming the
employee’s skill that helps to create a better outcome (Alnawfleh, 2020). On the other side, it
also assist to reduce employee turnover and improve the company culture so that the brand
image of the company can be sustained for longer term. That is why, it can be stated that

companies like Ritz should focus upon training and development session in order to improve
performance and motivate employees as well.
CONCLUSION
By summing up above it has been identified that training and development session plays
an important role in the company as well as employee performance. In this, it has been identified
that majority of the respondents are agreed that Ritz invest in training and development session
and that is why, it helps to improve the employee performance. However, by applying inferential
statistics it has been identified that there is no association between the variable and that is why, it
can be stated that null hypothesis is accepted over other. Further, through secondary research it
has been concluded that employee performance can be raise when company invest effective
training session so that company can improve their brand image. Therefore, Ritz should be keep
investing upon such item that helps to improve the overall performance and create a better
outcome.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Alnawfleh, S. H., 2020. Effect of Training and Development on Employee Performance in the
Aqaba Special Economic Zone Authority. Journal of Business & Management
(COES&RJ-JBM). 8(1). pp.20-34.
Mamy, M. M. B., Shabbir, R. and Hasan, M. Z., 2020. The influence of training and
development on employee performance: A study on garments sector, Dhaka
Bangladesh. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, pp.44-58.
Pandey, P. and Pandey, M. M., 2021. Research methodology tools and techniques. Bridge
Center.
Snyder, H., 2019. Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and
guidelines. Journal of business research. 104. pp.333-339.
Sung, S. Y. and Choi, J. N., 2018. Effects of training and development on employee outcomes
and firm innovative performance: Moderating roles of voluntary participation and
evaluation. Human resource management. 57(6). pp.1339-1353.
Taufek, F. H. M. and Mustafa, M., 2018. The effect of training and development towards
employee performance: A case study in proton Tanjung Malim. Global Business and
Management Research. 10(3). p.777.
Zangirolami-Raimundo, J., Echeimberg, J. D. O. and Leone, C., 2018. Research methodology
topics: Cross-sectional studies. Journal of Human Growth and Development. 28(3).
pp.356-360.

APPENDIX
Appendix 1: statistical data
Statistics
Age Gend
er
Did your
company
implement
any
training
and
developm
ent
session?
Which
of the
followin
g
training
session
s
introduc
ed by
the
compan
y?
Are you
satisfie
d with
the
training
session
organiz
ed by
Ritz?
How
releva
nt
were
the
trainin
g you
receiv
ed to
your
work?
Up to
what
extent you
agree that
training
and
developm
ent
programs
have
increase
job
satisfactio
n?
Do you
think that
training
session
helps to
improve
the
employee
performanc
e?
Do you
agree that
many
employee
s behavior
has
change
since
enrolling
for
employee’
s training
and
developm
ent
session?
Which of
the
following
challenges
faced by
the
company
while
implementi
ng training
session?
N
Valid 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
Missi
ng 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mean 2.050
0
1.500
0 1.6500 2.8500 2.4000 2.7500 2.4000 1.8000 2.5500 2.9000
Median 2.000
0
1.500
0 1.0000 3.0000 2.0000 3.0000 2.0000 2.0000 2.0000 3.0000
Mode 1.00 1.00a 1.00 4.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 4.00
Std.
Deviatio
n
1.050
06
.5129
9 .81273 1.22582 1.3917
0 .96655 1.35336 .83351 1.23438 1.11921
Range 3.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 3.00
a. Multiple modes exist. The smallest value is shown

Table 2: age
Age
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
25 to 35 8 40.0 40.0 40.0
36 to 45 5 25.0 25.0 65.0
46 to 55 5 25.0 25.0 90.0
above 56 2 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 3: gender

Gender
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Male 10 50.0 50.0 50.0
Female 10 50.0 50.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 4: company implement any training and development session
Did your company implement any training and development session?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid yes 11 55.0 55.0 55.0
No 5 25.0 25.0 80.0
Don't know 4 20.0 20.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 5: training sessions introduced by the company
Which of the following training sessions introduced by the company?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Leadership training 4 20.0 20.0 20.0
on-site training 4 20.0 20.0 40.0
off-site training 3 15.0 15.0 55.0
All of these 9 45.0 45.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Table 6: satisfied with the training session organized by Ritz
Are you satisfied with the training session organized by Ritz?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Highly satisfied 7 35.0 35.0 35.0
satisfied 5 25.0 25.0 60.0
neutral 3 15.0 15.0 75.0
dissatisfied 3 15.0 15.0 90.0
highly dissatisfied 2 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Table 7: Training received by them is effective
How relevant were the training you received to your work?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Not relevant at all 3 15.0 15.0 15.0
Not sure 3 15.0 15.0 30.0
Effective 10 50.0 50.0 80.0
very Effective 4 20.0 20.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Table 8: training and development programs have increase job satisfaction
Up to what extent you agree that training and development programs have
increase job satisfaction?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
Highly agreed 6 30.0 30.0 30.0
Agreed 7 35.0 35.0 65.0
Neutral 2 10.0 10.0 75.0
Disagreed 3 15.0 15.0 90.0
Strongly disagree 2 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Table 9: training session helps to improve the employee performance
Do you think that training session helps to improve the employee
performance?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
yes 9 45.0 45.0 45.0
No 6 30.0 30.0 75.0
Don't know 5 25.0 25.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Table 10: employees behavior has change since enrolling for employee’s training and
development session
Do you agree that many employees behavior has change since enrolling for
employee’s training and development session?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid Highly agreed 4 20.0 20.0 20.0
Agreed 7 35.0 35.0 55.0
Neutral 5 25.0 25.0 80.0
Disagreed 2 10.0 10.0 90.0
Strongly disagree 2 10.0 10.0 100.0

Total 20 100.0 100.0
Table 11: challenges faced by the company while implementing training session
Which of the following challenges faced by the company while implementing
training session?
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
High cost 3 15.0 15.0 15.0
low expertise 4 20.0 20.0 35.0
dealing with change 5 25.0 25.0 60.0
All of these 8 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Table 12: Recoded age
Rage
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative
Percent
Valid
1.00 2 10.0 10.0 10.0
2.00 5 25.0 25.0 35.0
3.00 5 25.0 25.0 60.0
4.00 8 40.0 40.0 100.0
Total 20 100.0 100.0

Appendix 2: Cross tabulation data
Table 13:
Did your company implement any training and development session? * Age
Crosstab
Count
Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
Did your company
implement any training
and development
session?
yes 4 5 2 0 11
No 2 0 2 1 5
Don't know 2 0 1 1 4
Total 8 5 5 2 20
Table 14:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 7.382a 6 .287
Likelihood Ratio 9.934 6 .127
Linear-by-Linear
Association .811 1 .368
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 12 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .40.
Table 15:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by Phi .608 .287

Nominal Cramer's V .430 .287
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 16:
Which of the following training sessions introduced by the company? * Age
Crosstab
Count
Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
Which of the following
training sessions
introduced by the
company?
Leadership training 2 0 2 0 4
on-site training 2 0 2 0 4
off-site training 0 2 1 0 3
All of these 4 3 0 2 9
Total 8 5 5 2 20
Table 17
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 12.556a 9 .184
Likelihood Ratio 17.592 9 .040
Linear-by-Linear
Association .001 1 .979
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 16 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .30.
Table 18:
Symmetric Measures

Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .792 .184
Cramer's V .457 .184
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 19:
Are you satisfied with the training session organized by Ritz? * Age
Crosstab
Count
Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
Are you satisfied with
the training session
organized by Ritz?
Highly satisfied 3 2 2 0 7
satisfied 2 1 1 1 5
neutral 2 0 1 0 3
dissatisfied 0 2 1 0 3
highly dissatisfied 1 0 0 1 2
Total 8 5 5 2 20
Table 20:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 10.969a 12 .532
Likelihood Ratio 12.758 12 .387
Linear-by-Linear
Association .521 1 .470
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 20 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .20.

Table 21:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .741 .532
Cramer's V .428 .532
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 22:
How relevant were the training you received to your work? * Age
Crosstab
Count
Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
How relevant were the
training you received to
your work?
Not relevant at
all 2 0 1 0 3
Not sure 2 1 0 0 3
Effective 1 4 4 1 10
very Effective 3 0 0 1 4
Total 8 5 5 2 20
Table 23:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 11.508a 9 .242
Likelihood Ratio 15.589 9 .076

Linear-by-Linear
Association .540 1 .463
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 16 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .30.
Table 24:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .759 .242
Cramer's V .438 .242
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 25:
Up to what extent you agree that training and development programs have increase job
satisfaction? * Age
Crosstab
Count
Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
Up to what extent you
agree that training and
development programs
have increase job
satisfaction?
Highly agreed 3 2 1 0 6
Agreed 2 1 2 2 7
Neutral 2 0 0 0 2
Disagreed 0 2 1 0 3
Strongly disagree 1 0 1 0 2
Total 8 5 5 2 20
Table 26:
Chi-Square Tests

Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 12.000a 12 .446
Likelihood Ratio 13.943 12 .304
Linear-by-Linear
Association .067 1 .796
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 20 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .20.
Table 27:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .775 .446
Cramer's V .447 .446
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 28:
Do you think that training session helps to improve the employee performance? * Age
Crosstab
Count
Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
Do you think that
training session helps to
improve the employee
performance?
yes 5 3 1 0 9
No 3 1 2 0 6
Don't know 0 1 2 2 5
Total 8 5 5 2 20

Table 29:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 10.472a 6 .106
Likelihood Ratio 12.047 6 .061
Linear-by-Linear
Association 7.148 1 .008
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 12 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .50.
Table 30:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .724 .106
Cramer's V .512 .106
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 31:
Do you agree that many employees behavior has change since enrolling for employee’s
training and development session? * Age
Crosstab
Count
Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
Do you agree that many
employees behavior has
change since enrolling
Highly agreed 2 1 1 0 4
Agreed 2 2 3 0 7
Neutral 3 0 1 1 5

for employee’s training
and development
Disagreed 1 1 0 0 2
Strongly disagree 0 1 0 1 2
Total 8 5 5 2 20
Table 32:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 10.907a 12 .537
Likelihood Ratio 13.125 12 .360
Linear-by-Linear
Association .620 1 .431
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 20 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .20.
Table 33:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .738 .537
Cramer's V .426 .537
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 34:
Which of the following challenges faced by the company while implementing training
session? * Age
Crosstab
Count

Age Total
25 to 35 36 to 45 46 to 55 above 56
Which of the following
challenges faced by the
company while
implementing training
session?
High cost 1 0 2 0 3
low expertise 1 1 2 0 4
dealing with change 4 1 0 0 5
All of these 2 3 1 2 8
Total 8 5 5 2 20
Table 35:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 11.842a 9 .222
Likelihood Ratio 13.322 9 .149
Linear-by-Linear
Association .000 1 .984
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 16 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .30.
Table 36:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .769 .222
Cramer's V .444 .222
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 37:
Did your company implement any training and development session? * Gender

Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
Did your company
implement any training
and development
session?
yes 4 7 11
No 2 3 5
Don't know 4 0 4
Total 10 10 20
Table 38:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.018a 2 .081
Likelihood Ratio 6.575 2 .037
Linear-by-Linear
Association 3.709 1 .054
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 4 cells (66.7%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 2.00.
Table 39:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .501 .081
Cramer's V .501 .081
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 40:
Which of the following training sessions introduced by the company? * Gender

Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
Which of the following
training sessions
introduced by the
company?
Leadership training 2 2 4
on-site training 3 1 4
off-site training 0 3 3
All of these 5 4 9
Total 10 10 20
Table 41:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 4.111a 3 .250
Likelihood Ratio 5.317 3 .150
Linear-by-Linear
Association .033 1 .855
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 8 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.50.
Table 42:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .453 .250
Cramer's V .453 .250
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.

Table 43:
Are you satisfied with the training session organized by Ritz? * Gender
Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
Are you satisfied with
the training session
organized by Ritz?
Highly satisfied 3 4 7
satisfied 2 3 5
neutral 2 1 3
dissatisfied 2 1 3
highly dissatisfied 1 1 2
Total 10 10 20
Table 44:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.010a 4 .908
Likelihood Ratio 1.024 4 .906
Linear-by-Linear
Association .413 1 .520
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 10 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.00.
Table 45:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .225 .908
Cramer's V .225 .908
N of Valid Cases 20

a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 46:
How relevant were the training you received to your work? * Gender
Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
How relevant were the
training you received to
your work?
Not relevant at
all 3 0 3
Not sure 1 2 3
Effective 4 6 10
very Effective 2 2 4
Total 10 10 20
Table 47:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 3.733a 3 .292
Likelihood Ratio 4.901 3 .179
Linear-by-Linear
Association 1.338 1 .247
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 6 cells (75.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.50.
Table 48:

Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .432 .292
Cramer's V .432 .292
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 49:
Up to what extent you agree that training and development programs have increase job
satisfaction? * Gender
Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
Up to what extent you
agree that training and
development programs
have increase job
satisfaction?
Highly agreed 3 3 6
Agreed 3 4 7
Neutral 2 0 2
Disagreed 2 1 3
Strongly disagree 0 2 2
Total 10 10 20
Table 50:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 4.476a 4 .345
Likelihood Ratio 6.028 4 .197

Linear-by-Linear
Association .109 1 .741
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 10 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.00.
Table 51:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .473 .345
Cramer's V .473 .345
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 52:
Do you think that training session helps to improve the employee performance? * Gender
Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
Do you think that
training session helps to
improve the employee
performance?
yes 4 5 9
No 4 2 6
Don't know 2 3 5
Total 10 10 20
Table 53:

Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .978a 2 .613
Likelihood Ratio .992 2 .609
Linear-by-Linear
Association .000 1 1.000
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 6 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 2.50.
Table 54:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .221 .613
Cramer's V .221 .613
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 55:
Do you agree that many employees behavior has change since enrolling for employee’s
training and development session? * Gender
Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
Do you agree that many
employees behavior has
Highly agreed 3 1 4
Agreed 2 5 7

change since enrolling
for employee’s training
Neutral 4 1 5
Disagreed 0 2 2
Strongly disagree 1 1 2
Total 10 10 20
Table 56:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 6.086a 4 .193
Likelihood Ratio 7.075 4 .132
Linear-by-Linear
Association .295 1 .587
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 10 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.00.
Table 57:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .552 .193
Cramer's V .552 .193
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.
Table 58:
Which of the following challenges faced by the company while implementing training
session? * Gender

Crosstab
Count
Gender Total
Male Female
Which of the following
challenges faced by the
company while
implementing training
session?
High cost 2 1 3
low expertise 2 2 4
dealing with change 2 3 5
All of these 4 4 8
Total 10 10 20
Table 59:
Chi-Square Tests
Value df Asymp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .533a 3 .912
Likelihood Ratio .541 3 .910
Linear-by-Linear
Association .160 1 .689
N of Valid Cases 20
a. 8 cells (100.0%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is 1.50.
Table 60:
Symmetric Measures
Value Approx.
Sig.
Nominal by
Nominal
Phi .163 .912
Cramer's V .163 .912
N of Valid Cases 20
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null
hypothesis.

Appendix 3: Questionnaire
1. Age:
 25 to 35
 36 to 45
 46 to 55
 above 56
2. Gender:
 Male
 Female
3. Did your company implement any training and development session?
 Yes
 No
 Don’t know
4. Which of the following training sessions introduced by the company?
 Leadership training
 on-site training

 Off-site training
 All of these
5. Are you satisfied with the training session organized by Ritz?
 Highly satisfied
 satisfied
 Neutral
 Dissatisfied
 Highly dissatisfied
6. How relevant were the training you received to your work?
 Not relevant at all
 Not sure
 Effective
 Very effective
6. Up to what extent you agree that training and development programs have increase job
satisfaction?
 Highly agreed
 Agreed
 Neutral
 Disagreed
 Strongly disagreed
8. Do you think that training session helps to improve the employee performance?
 Yes
 No
 Don’t know
9. Do you agree that many employees behavior has change since enrolling for employee’s
training and development session?

 Highly agreed
 Agreed
 Neutral
 Disagreed
 Strongly disagreed
10. Which of the following challenges faced by the company while implementing training
session?
 High cost
 low expertise
 dealing with change
 All of these

Appendix 4: response table
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