Historical Developments of Travel and Tourism Industry

The content provided discusses the historical development of the travel and tourism industry. It highlights the establishment of Thomas Cook Group, TUI Group, and other businesses operating in the sector. The industry is crucial for a country's success, with TUI group contributing to its growth through various services. The table provided showcases the timeline of key developments in the industry, from the introduction of the motor car in 1908 to the establishment of non-stop flights in 2001. Additionally, it notes the evolution of transportation methods over time, including horse-drawn wagons, private coaches, rail travel, automobile, and air industry.

TRAVEL AND TOURISM
SECTOR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Key historical development in the travel and tourism sector................................................1
1.2 Explains the structure of travel and tourism sector...............................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Analysis functions of government, government sponsored bodies and international
agencies in travel and tourism.....................................................................................................6
2.2 How local and national economy policy influence the success of the travel and tourism
sector...........................................................................................................................................8
2.3 Draft an article for publication in travel and tourism magazines which implication of
political changes on travel and tourism sector............................................................................9
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................18
3.1 Factors which affects to the tourism demand......................................................................18
3.2 How supply has been change at TUI to meet with effects of demand................................19
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................20
4.1 Main positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism with
reference to TUI Group businesses...........................................................................................20
4.2 Strategies to overcome negative impact .............................................................................21
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23

INTRODUCTION
Travel and tourism sector is the one of major industry which play important role to
expand other business and operations with different responsibility. They are dealing in different
types of sector such as operators, airlines and accommodation etc. Various people are take part to
enhance economy welfare, country growth and many improvements in travelling sector. In this
context, present study is based on TUI group which is broad portfolio consist of tour operators.
They have more than 1600 travel agencies and leading online portals to plan holiday destination
around the globe. They are offering their services to more than 30 million customer in 180
regions.
For gaining insight knowledge of the company present report cover poster presentation
on key historical development in the travel and tourism sector. Furthermore, it includes function
of government, sponsored bodies and international agencies within travel and tourism. Moreover,
it demonstrates factors that are affecting tourism demand within the nation. In addition to this,
report frames strategies which can be used to minimise negative impact with maximise positive
outcomes on the chosen organisation.
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TASK 1
1.1 Key historical development in the travel and tourism sector
In the early age, cultural aspects, learning languages and travelling challenges restricted (Capacci, Scorcu and Vici, 2015). In 14 century
Christopher Columbus sailed westward and vasco da gama cruised to country for earn money then business travel has been integral part of
tourism industry(Cave and Brown 2012).
Early tourism started with Nomads who travelled around the world in search of food
and shelter. Main intension of this traveller is to gathered food and traded around the world and gave rise to the barter system (Capacci,
Scorcu and Vici, 2015). 1500 BC is marked as the era when the Europeans visited pyramids and thus developed the tourism for pilgrimage.
Early tourism started with Nomads who travelled around the world in search of food and shelter. Main intension of this traveller is to
gathered food and traded around the world and gave rise to the barter system (Capacci, Scorcu and Vici, 2015). 1500 BC is marked as the
era when the Europeans visited pyramids and thus developed the tourism for pilgrimage.
1
Historical developments of travel and tourism industry
Tour means the activity of travelling of travellers, where tourism includes all the activity which is
directly or indirectly related to operate the tour
Travel and tourism industry consist very
important role in success of the country. In UK
market it is very fastest growing industry which
give more profits and revenue at workplace.
TUI group assist to make grow and profits
through company can achieve high market
share within the country. This is because, the
company is planning to enhance profits and
revenue of nation through providing various
services. They are providing different types of
In earlier time, people are also travelling through donkeys, solid wheel wagons and oxen. After some time, in 1000 BC horse drawn wagons
and riding is take place which demonstrate different sector business. In 17th to 19th century diverse forms of private coach is established
which demonstrate different types of services in travelling sector. Now onwards, there are historical transportation is develops such as rail
travel, automobile and air industry.
In addition to this, the following table shows historical development within the travel and
tourism business:
Within the development of the nations, in 1908 first motor car introduced by Ford. In
addition to this, in 1919 other commercial services are begun which assist to capture the
market with developing outcomes and performance. In 1936 first butlins holidays
packages are introduced and government established Holiday with pay act 1938. After
second world war, in 1949 first package for tour is introduced within the UK by Vladimir
Raitz. Apart from this, in this year British Jet power passenger aircraft also established
within the country which goes towards commercial services within the world. In 1969,
tourism board established with tourism act so that it collaborate with sir France and
British airways. These services are continuous grows and 1993 low cost airlines services
established which make effective results and performance at workplace. Thus, future
profitability maintains at workplace. Within 2001 first non stop flight is opened all over
the world which enhance profitability within the nation. In addition to this, it is also runs
without refuelling that made effective results at workplace.
In order to development, first Thomas cook
group establish their travelling services
within the nation. After this, TUI group also
establish their operations to make effective
results and performances. Along with this,
there are other businesses who operate
travel and tourism functions in all over the
nation.

1.2 Explains the structure of travel and tourism sector
Tourism comprises as
activities of travelling by
person and staying in outside
places. In usual environment,
travelling is considering with
leisure, business and other
purposes (Ambagtsheer, Zaitch
and Weimar, 2013). There are
different types of tourism take
place such as leisure, business
and visiting friends or
relatives. In addition to this,
structure of travel and tourism
sector consist different
components that assist to
attract tourist at workplace.
The functions of the transport
sector is summarized to
sustainable backbone of the
company. It brings people
together to facilitate them and
sustain tourism. In this
context, below is structure
which demonstrate travel and
tourism activity at workplace
of TUI group:
Air travel
Air travel of TUI group
Sear travel
It is the main mode of
transport which continent in
traditional within the sea travel
across the national boundaries.
More than 15 million customer
are travelling in sea transport
which considering through
TUI group. In addition to this,
21 million people are
travelling to make competitive
advantages in sea trip
(Hadjikakou, Chenoweth and
Li, 2014).
Road travel
The chosen business
has also dominator for owned
private car by passenger. In
domestic holidays and trips
within the UK taken by car.
Many people choose to hire a
car when they are take place
abroad. It led growth of the car
in hire sector. With the help of
local travel agent facilities and
services are rendered by TUI
group. Their products and
services are very sophisticated
Tour operators
In this aspect, TUI
group determines three types
of tour within tourism sector
such as outbound, inbound and
domestic. In this aspect, tour
operators dominate the
outbound market which
includes different brands in
UK. They are also leads with
holidays packages within the
nation (Lowry, Cartier and
Delconte, 2015).
Attraction
In order to make
effective results, the cited firm
has made survey for their
visitors attraction which is
conducted annually by national
tourist board. There are
various places in which
attraction is made by TUI
group such as Northern
Ireland, Scotland and Wales.
Accommodation
The cited firm is
providing different types of
accommodation facilities ion
1

is the major organisation
which consist services within
the UK market. They are owns
services such as London health
row, London Gatwick, London
Stansted and many other
areas . They possess also such
management contracts airports
within outside the UK. In
addition to this, they are also
planning for accommodation,
hotels and many other
facilities towards customer
(Lee, Song and Han, 2012).
to make easy and convenient
for their customer. They can
offer online and telephonic pre
booking services (Lepp,
Gibson and Lane, 2014).
their industry such as hotel,
holiday parks and composites,
self catering, guest
accommodation and campus,
etc. (Ambagtsheer, Zaitch and
Weimar, 2013).
2

TASK 2
2.1 Analysis functions of government, government sponsored bodies and international agencies
in travel and tourism
3

Direct
When TUI group try to attract Chinese, role of government is take major part within the
nation. This is because, certain rules and regulation frame by then such as minimum wages paid,
follow right act to provide benefits to each employee within the organisation.
Indirect
In addition to this, there are various ways in which government determines their role
which affects to economy. In this aspect, they are frames interest rate which affect to the
operations of the chosen organisation. As compare to China market, travel sector of UK has high
growth which pay significant impact on GDP.
Economic policy
With the help of such government policy, TUI group can deal with different types of
tourist, hotels and travel agents. It generates employment opportunities within the country to
4

operate functions and operations in effective manner. In this way, the company can provides up
to date information to each customer which assist to economic development.
Political changes
In this aspect, government determines their tax rates which enhance profits of the nation.
Thus, business have to pay more money to government and their profits and revenue are decline
which creates impact on their performances. As compare to this, China political system generate
impact due to slow performances.
2.2 How local and national economy policy influence the success of the travel and tourism sector
Local
In the local business, economy policy influence to the success of business in travel and
tourism sector. In this context, national economic determines effective results and performances
through the organisation ascertain functions and operations.
5

Regional
As per the regional level, TUI group easily make their performances and outcomes with
maintains relations with other regional areas. In this aspect, the chosen business will easily
promote their operations and functions that develop results and performances at workplace.
National
At the national level, TUI group possess various benefits for development of the
company. This is because, they are able to ascertain competitive advantages and foreign currency
at workplace for developing ideas and operations.
Government sponsored bodies
Government has main role to promote travel and tourism business within the UK. Their
demonstrate various rules and support to make successful operations within the organisation.
Thus, it assists to create expansion of the enterprise through developing ideas and operations
within the nation.
2.3 Draft an article for publication in travel and tourism magazines which implication of political
changes on travel and tourism sector
6

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TASK 3
3.1 Factors which affects to the tourism demand
Travel and tourism marketing demonstrate various functions through they can encourage
people towards the nation and other attractions. There are various people who can participate to
accomplish desire results (Lepp, Gibson and Lane, 2014). They are as follows:
 Demographic: In order to perform effective functions and operations, demographic
factors creates impact on tourism demand. This is because, different age group people
demand distinctive services and products. Thus, it creates impact on the performance and
outcomes in effective manner (Hadjikakou, Chenoweth and Li, 2014). In addition to this,
there are also various other elements which comes in demographic and effect to TUI
group. For instance, above 60 years age of people avoid to travelling in different areas
due to their health issues. On the other hand, young generation people prefer to travel in
different areas to enjoy and many other reasons. It generates more demand of travel and
tourism within the chosen organisation (Lee, Song and Han, 2012).
 Technological: In addition to this, advance technology assist to create more demand at
workplace of TUI group. In this aspect, the chosen firm provides advance technology to
their customer so that it increase better services within the company. In this way, they
will easily attract potential customer towards the company. Thus, it is beneficial to
manage business results and performance for developing ideas and operations at
workplace (Lepp, Gibson and Lane, 2014).
 Emerging economics: Emerging trends demonstrate various aspects that can be affects to
the demand of TUI group products and services. In this aspect, demand of services
creates positive impact on the business performances. Economic growth of the country
determines high profits and revenue at workplace (Lowry, Cartier and Delconte, 2015).
This is because, when standard of person is enhances, they are also taken part to enjoy
within the organisation. In this aspect, more demand of products and services can be
generate at workplace which creates positive impact on the business performances. Apart
from this, it is also beneficial for the country as they are able to enhance their GDP. Thus,
it creates various advantages to deal with different elements at workplace (Ambagtsheer,
Zaitch and Weimar, 2013).
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 Political stability: Political stability is determines effective results and performances for
effective system of government. When within the nation political laws and other
regulations are stable, TUI group can operate easily without any difficulties. In this
aspect, the company is able to generate more demand of products and services within the
country so that goals can be achieve at workplace (Hadjikakou, Chenoweth and Li,
2014).
 Changing work pattern: When customer are not satisfied due to changing pattern of the
organisation, negative impact are generates at workplace. In this context, changing in
duty and time also creates impact on employee performance (Kapiki, 2012). Thus, TUI
group unable to make effective results. In addition to this, there are also such elements
which creates negative impact on the business performance such as recognition,
achievement and many other elements. Thus, business need to protect their outcomes for
developing ideas and operations.
3.2 How supply has been change at TUI to meet with effects of demand
Customer services are very essential element which determines effective results. It assists
to enhance profitability and positive results at workplace. In this way, there are various elements
which demonstrate effective outcomes (Forno and Garibaldi, 2015). Thus, TUI group can use
following element which determines effective demand from different customer:
 Appropriate accommodation to each customer: In respect to meet with effective
results and performances, the chosen firm try to provide effective accommodation to each
customer. In this way, they can easily deal with various customer together (Lepp, Gibson
and Lane, 2014). Thus, they are able to deliver outcomes and performances which made
to demonstrate performance and results at high level. As results, TUI group will easily
meet with demand and outcomes of the company which make effective results and
performance. On the other hand, poor accommodation facility discourage to people to use
services and outcomes of the enterprise. In this way, customers are not attracts towards
the business operations (Dredge, Schott and Munar, 2015).
 Effective tour operations: In addition to this, TUI group need to demonstrate effective
functions and operations of tour facilities. In this way, they can maintain their results and
performances which determines through proper training to handle queries of customer at
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workplace (Lee, Song and Han, 2012). As results, the company will easily meet with
demand of the customer at workplace.
 Maintain quality of products: With the help of quality products and services, TUI can
handle their performances and results at workplace. In this aspect, they can fulfil demand
of customer and satisfied them at workplace. In addition to this, enterprise can meet with
different elements which serve profitability to attracts potential customer. As results,
quality can be ascertain to develop performances and outcomes (Hartman, Paris and
Blache-Cohen, 2014).
 Advance technology to intermediaries: TUI group using advance technology through
they can easily complete their products demand through implementing effective results
and performances. In this way, WI FI facility attract to customers so that the company
can easily connect their intermediaries with other customer to provide better services. In
this way, operations can be made at workplace for developing ideas and operations (de
Grosbois, 2012).
 Different types of products: Along with this, the chosen business can provides various
types of products and services as per the customer requirement. Thus, they can easily deal
with different element at workplace for providing effective results and performances. In
this way, luxury products of TUI group can attracts standard customer towards the
company. In addition to this, they can easily meet with profitability at workplace. On the
other hand, cheaper products attracts to lower class people which assist to manage results
and performances at workplace (Boukas and Ziakas, 2013).
TASK 4
4.1 Main positive and negative economic, environmental and social impacts of tourism with
reference to TUI Group businesses
TUI group determines their functions in various part of the world. They are determines
effective results and performances at workplace. In this aspect, market research conducted by the
chosen organisation for demonstrate their performances at workplace (Ambagtsheer, Zaitch and
Weimar, 2013). In this way, in Thailand and Spain research is determines which make positive
and effective results. In this way, economic creates various impact such direct and indirect
income, generation of foreign exchange. Direct and indirect income directly impact to the
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business performance and outcomes of the company (Webster and Ivanov, 2014). In this way,
TUI ascertain positive advantages to make their operations in new areas. In addition to this, they
are also able to make foreign exchange at prior level so that economic benefits can be made at
workplace of the company. With the help of contribution of national products, they can easily
enhance performances and results at new place.
In addition to this, environment also create impact on the business and its performances.
In this aspect, travel and tourism sector of TUI enhancement in natural areas so that they will
able to develop their profitability at workplace. It increases social awareness at workplace for
developing ideas and opinion to create positive advantages at workplace (Buckley, 2012).
4.2 Strategies to overcome negative impact
Travel and tourism sector of TUI group determines their effective performances and
outcomes to manage their functions and operations in Thailand and Spain (Berne, Garcia-
Gonzalez and Mugica, 2012). In this way, creation of negative impact can be reduce with the
help of following aspects:
 Enhance services of the organisation: In this aspect, the chosen organisation can remove
negative impact from the business operations through developing ideas and operations. In
this aspect, they have to implement new services for their customer so that potential
people can be encourages towards the company. This strategy is more useful for people
of Thailand and Spain so that effective customer base can be made within the enterprise
(Lowry, Cartier and Delconte, 2015).
 Implementation of strict laws and regulation: In addition to this, the company can also
encourage to their customer through determines strict rules and regulations. TUI group
can also create awareness to their customer regarding healthy environment so that
pollution can be reduce within the business environment (Hudson and Thal, 2013).
 Diversification: Further, diversification of business operations also encourages to
customer of TUIO towards the positive outcomes and performances. In this way, they
will easily develop plan and operations that assist to make well distribution facility at
workplace. In Thailand and Spain social factors create major impact on the business
performances. It is the best strategy through the company can accomplish their outcomes
and performances at workplace (Lepp, Gibson and Lane, 2014).
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 Eco tourism activities: In addition to this, chosen business can reduce their negative
impact through focusing on eco tourism. This is because, it preserves wildlife and natural
environment (AlSayyad, 2013). In addition to this, it also helpful to reduce social
conflicts among various authorities and other groups to ascertain effective results at
workplace of TUI.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that government demonstrate their effective
role for travel and tourism enterprise. In this way, TUI can perform various functions and
operations which assist to gain competitive advantages and outcomes at workplace. Different
functions such as direct, indirect, economic policy and political changes are assist to develop
profitability at workplace. Furthermore, it includes factors which creates impact on the business
and its operations such as demographic, technological and changes is pattern of work. Thus, the
chosen business need to concentrate on supply which determines effective results and
performances. With the help of appropriate facilities, tour operators can demonstrate benefits to
deal with valuable results and performances. Social factors are widely impact to the business
performances and their outcomes. As results, the company is impacted negatively which
determines to attain effective results and performances. In addition to this, it is also summarized
about strategies which impact on the business and its performances. It includes implementation
of strict laws, eco tourism activities, diversification and enhance services and products within the
nation.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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tourism distribution channels. Tourism Management. 33(1). pp.205-214.
Boukas, N. and Ziakas, V., 2013. Impacts of the global economic crisis on Cyprus tourism and
policy responses. International Journal of Tourism Research. 15(4). pp.329-345.
Buckley, R., 2012. Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism
Research. 39(2). pp.528-546.
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tourism case study from a Mediterranean Island. Journal of Travel Research. 53(5).
pp.610-624.
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Lowry, L. L., Cartier, E. A. and Delconte, J. D., 2015. Addressing the need for new tourism
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