Management Information System and Decision-Making

The provided report delves into the importance of management information systems (MIS) for senior, middle, and lower-level management in organizations. It emphasizes communication as a crucial aspect in making decisions and how MIS influences the decision-making process. The report also discusses the benefits of MIS, including improving operational efficiency, value of existing goods, and new product development within firms.

MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Evaluating the meaning as well as objective of management at different level in an
organisation. ...............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Identification of different styles of management..................................................................1
1.3 Evaluating the reason for change and analysing the way it is managed...............................2
3.1 Ways of managing the changes.............................................................................................3
4.1 Importance of communication with manager in terms of decision-making ........................4
4.2 Use of management information system and assess the impacts of decision-making
procedures ..................................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Management can be referred to as an administration of business. It is the process which
includes planning, organizing, directing and controlling the different business activities. The
main objective of management is to drive an organization towards success. An effective
management of different business operations is important for helping enterprise in
accomplishment of desired goals.
The report have focus on evaluating the meaning and purpose of management. Study
also emphasizes on identification of different management styles as well as addressing the
reason for change.
MAIN BODY
1.1 Evaluating the meaning as well as objective of management at different level in an
organisation.
Management can be defined as a procedure of administrating people as well as different
tasks within an enterprise. Main objective of management is to generate making out by taking
minimum initiatives.
Senior management: It is top position in an organization. Senior level management in an
enterprise mainly comprises group of people those who mainly participate in the routine
supervision. Chief executives board of directors, all work at senior level of management. The
main purpose of this top-level executives is to make an effective decision in order to drive firm
towards success.
Middle level management : They are the intermediaries between top and lower level
management. Objective of the middle level management in an organization is to achieve the
target given by executives at top-level management. Some middle level executives are
operational supervisors (Ansoff, Helm-Stevens and Ansoff, 2018),
Lower level management : The lower level management in an enterprise generally
responsible for overseeing the performance of workers working in line tasks. The objective of
lower level management to complete the given tasks on daily basis and to get incentives of
salary.
1.2 Identification of different styles of management
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The different types of management styles are :
Autocratic : managers with this type of management style make decision on their own without
consulting with their subordinates. The main advantages of autocratic management style is that it
enables manager to make quick decision. Drawback of autocratic leadership style is that it might
lead to the high level of demotivation as well as dissatisfaction among subordinates.
Consultative: Leaders or manager those who adopt the consultative management style generally
facilitates discussion from their subordinate before making any final judgement. Main benefit of
consultative management style is that it enables manager to gain the loyalty of their employees.
Disadvantage of this management style is that workers might become more dependent on
managers or leaders (Harmon, 2019.).
Persuasive: manager with this type of management style make final decision after analysing the
opinion of their subordinates. Such type of management style is considered to be as an
ineffective when workers are not supportive. Main benefit of Persuasive management style is
that manager can ample of ideas which can be helpful in relation to solving specific business
problems (Maria, 2019).
Democratic : It is management style where manager provides their subordinate with chance to
get engage themselves in decision-making. Democratic management style is considered to be an
appropriate for dealing with complex situations. The disadvantage of this management style is
that it slower down decision-making.
Laissez faire: manager with this type of leadership only provide guides to subordinates and
majority of decisions are taken by employees.
1.3 Evaluating the reason for change and analysing the way it is managed
Organisational Change can be defined as a procedure of bringing improvement in
business practices. The main reason for changes in an organization are decrease in the demand
for goods or services offered by company. In addition to this, other reason for change in decline
in sale of goods or services. Important reason for change in business structure is to implement
particular strategy (Obholzer, 2018.). A company might need to bring changes in business
policies, practices and strategies for increasing its competitiveness. The other reason for change
is crisis, performance gaps etc. An organization might initiate change in order to explore as well
as capture new business opportunities. Management might initiate change at workplace for
providing suitable response to changes in internal as well as external factors.
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Adkar model of change management : It is basically a goal oriented change management
model. It is the model which guides the workers throughout the change procedure. Management
in an organization is required to inform workers about the change process and make them
understand about need as well as importance of the same. As it is the strategy which will assist
management in eliminating the barriers which might occur in implementing successful change at
workplace.
3.1 Ways of managing the changes
It is necessary to manage to change within the business. Therefore, organization can
adopt Lewin's change management model which is one of the best concept. There are three
stages such as unfreeze, changes and refreeze.
Unfreeze:
It is the first stage which means evaluating each and every stage and human
communication for possibly development, no matters how deeply they have to go and ways of
needs to unearth (Lewin’s change management model, 2019). Through this, company helps
removing any existent bias and commonly accepted mistakes. Also, it implements to percpetion
of firm in relation to future changes and their natural resistances to it.
Change:
It is the stage to deploy changes and guide the team as they follow while company have
prepared everyone. Interaction, support and education are wider, as they want to limit any issues
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Illustration 1: Lewin’s change management model
Source: (Lewin’s change management model, 2019)

in transformation and assess problems as soon as they increase (Laudon,and Laudon, 2016). The
first requirement to give any training which their team will need.
Refreeze:
Changes have been deployed, assessed and squeezed as per feedback which they need to
refreeze their new status quo. It is wider to any change management model in which everything
they have done is pointless if elderly tradition resurfaces. Daily review require to be carried out
to check which new methods are being adopted. This can be daily meeting with administrators ,
knowledge by which they can refer to guide them by the procedure.
4.1 Importance of communication with manager in terms of decision-making
Good communication is important for administrators in company, to act the basic
activities of management such as planning, organizing, leading, controlling. Interaction aids
managers to act their duties and accountabilities (McCloy, 2015). It serves as foundations for
planning. All of important info must be communicated to the administrator who in turn can
interact the plans. It is to apply them. Organizing also needs good communication with others
about their job activities. Communication is very essential in different ways such as:
 Communication advances motivation through transforming and instructive the workers
about activity to be done and ways of performing task.
 It is the source of information to members of company for decision-making procedure as
it aids recognizing and measuring alternative course of action (Habermas, 2015).
 Also, it plays important role in changing attitudes of single person that is well-informed
people can have better behaviour than lower informed individual.
 It also aids in meeting. Life only presence of other single elements foster communication.
 Also, it replied that one can not survive without communication.
 Communication helps in procedure of controlling. It aids controlling in behaviour of
employees of company in effective manner.
 Effective communication will aid to build the relationship with managers in relation to
share the information and managing the changes which can directly impact on decision-
making process (Laudon,and Laudon, 2016).
 Also, good communication can reduce mistakes while sharing the information with other
for completing the activity at the workplace.
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4.2 Use of management information system and assess the impacts of decision-making
procedures
Management information system is computer data base which compares, summarize and
evaluate any kind of information which is useful to manager of organization. Management
information system is very necessary to make the appropriate decisions within the company
(Adler, Rodman and Du Pré, 2016). It is the information system utilized for decision-making
and coordination, control and visualization of info in the company. There are many benefits
which involves improving operational efficiency, value of existing goods, new product
development within the firm (Laudon,and Laudon, 2016).
Firms are capable determining their strengths and weakness as per presences of revenue
report, performance records of employees etc. Determining these views can aid develop
procedure and operations of companies. Management information system providing the overall
image of the firm and acting as communication and planning techniques. Also, MIS aids gaining
competitive advantages of the organization (Habermas, 2015).
MIS reports can aid with decision-making and decrease downtime for actionable items.
The availability of consumer information and feedback can aid to the firm align procedure of
company as the requirements of their consumers. This can aid to implement the changes and
improving productivity and profitability of the organization.
CONCLUSION
This report has summarized that meaning and objective of senior, middle and lower level
of management of the organization. It can be concluded that communication is very important in
terms of making decision procedure in the firm. It can be discussed that management information
sytem has influenced on decision-making process of the organization.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adler, R.B., Rodman, G.R. and Du Pré, A., 2016. Understanding human communication (Vol.
10). Oxford University Press.
Ansoff, H.I., Kipley, D., Lewis, A.O., Helm-Stevens, R. and Ansoff, R., 2018. Implanting
strategic management. Springer.
Habermas, J., 2015. Communication and the Evolution of Society. John Wiley & Sons.
Harmon, P., 2019. Business process change: a business process management guide for
managers and process professionals. Morgan Kaufmann.
Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016. Management information system. Pearson Education
India.
Maria, M., 2019. The issue of creating and implementing of modern communication
technologies in business management from the Republic of Moldova. Total quality
management.
McCloy, K.R., 2015. Resource management information systems: Process and
practice. Information Resources Management Journal IRMJ. 1040. p.1628.
Obholzer, A., 2018. The leader, the unconscious, and the management of the organisation.
In The Systems Psychodynamics of Organizations (pp. 197-216). Routledge.
ONLINE
Nine Reasons Organizations Need To Change. 2019.[ONLINE]. Available
through:<https://www.processexcellencenetwork.com/organizational-change/columns/
why-organizations-change-and-what-they-can-change> .
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