Leading Change in Educational Institutions

This assignment delves into the complexities of leading change within educational settings. It emphasizes the importance of understanding organizational change dynamics, drawing upon scholarly research and theoretical frameworks like Fullan's work on culture of change and Kezar's insights into 21st-century organizational transformation. The assignment encourages students to critically analyze successful strategies for implementing change in education, focusing on collaborative leadership, engaging stakeholders, and minimizing resistance.

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on
an organisation’s strategy and operations...................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team
and individual behaviours within an organisation......................................................................6
P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour.............................................................................................................9
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership
decision-making in a given organisational context...................................................................11
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organisational
contexts.....................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organizational change is all about redesigning various factors of an association such as;
culture, existing strategy, procedures, technologies and so on in order to cope up with current
fluctuating market. However, reformation is indispensable for company success because it helps
in gaining maximum benefits by satisfying the needs or demands of domestic as well as foreign
clients (Fullan, 2014). In fact, it has been observed that internal and external elements are
fluctuating due to changes in various other components that are interlinked with it. Marriott hotel
is one of the successful hospitality company whose main motive is to serve millions of clients by
offering qualitative services. Therefore, assignment is going to highlight the impact of changes at
workplace and strategy of an association. Along with this, it may also affect the leadership
decision in various extent as well as behaviour of entire staff members. Barriers of implementing
change at workplace is also outlining in this project for making corrective actions as per situation
in order to minimize it for attaining set objectives in a defined time frame.
TASK 1
P1 Compare different organisational examples where there has been an impact of change on an
organisation’s strategy and operations
Marriott hotel is one of the most leading company across the hospitality industry due to
their qualitative products as well as outstanding interior or exterior which may attracts the minds
of millions of clients in a minimum time period. Thus, in order to generate maximum benefit
company needs to focus on change process because there is a fluctuation in various other internal
and external factors. However, selected firm is having numerous of branches in distinct regions
for making positive relations with domestic as well as foreign users. As a result, it aids in
enhancing the sales performance of company ( Kezar, 2011). Beside this, it has been analysed
that number of competitors are emerging at global marketplace due to booming in this industry
as it helps in acquiring maximum advantageous. For example; Hilton hotel is one of the major
competitor of Marriott and trying to bring more innovative ideas by implementing changes in
their current marketing strategy. Hence, an appropriate comparison between both the association
are describing as follows:-
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Basis Marriott hotel Hilton hotel
Modern
technol
ogy
Changes in necessary part for every
organization because it helps in overcoming
current problems with the use of advanced
technologies. In fact, company is using
various types of modern equipments to
promote their products across various new
marketplaces. However, entire company is
believing in using standardized equipments
for operating their organization in proper
manner because it helps in every complicated
situation which is occurring at workplace.
On contrary to this, Hilton hotel is
also using modern tools but not
more than Marriott because they
believe mostly in traditional
approaches as compared with
competitors. In fact, not able to
adopt easily due to improper
functioning as well as unusual way
of implementing. In fact, advanced
technology is not affecting
operational strategy at high level
due to high level of complexity
( Thomas and et. al., 2013) .
Employ
ees
Skilled and talented employees are
indispensable for Marriott hotel because they
can easily handle complicated features of
advanced technology. In fact, it helps
business entity while making strategy by
expressing their views or opinions during
running an business entity. However, this
firm is investing fund in changing their
employees from less skilled to more skilled
staff members in order to accomplish
business operations in more suitable manner.
On other hand, this firm is not
spending high amount in
appointing employees in order to
safeguard their money as well as
trying to control wastage.
Moreover, they are just trying to
train their staff members by taking
little bit initiatives for dealing with
change. It means , they are not
believe in reformation process due
to high level of complication and
issues raised while strategy
designing.
Throughout the comparison it has been identified that in hospitality industry high level of
changes are occurring in order to design goods or services as per consumer choice or
preferences. At the same time, few companies are redesigning their operational strategy just like
Marriott but some are not implementing because this process is consuming maximum range of
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income ( Carrington, Deppeler and Moss, 2010). Therefore, successful enterprises are adopting
change strategy for handling fluctuation which is occurring at micro and macro level. On the
other hand, this procedure is not easy because of which small companies are failed to implement
this at workplace. Throughout the comparison one thing is identified that Marriott hotel is
implementing changes at their organization for coping with various enterprise problems or
success barriers. Whereas, Hilton hotel is not implementing that much of changes because it will
consume maximum amount of funds and long process.
Operational department of an organization engages in designing functions for company
success by considering necessary facts or figures for managing things in suitable manner.
Basically, company strategy is involving in designing various functional schemes which plays a
very eminent role in attaining set goals in a defined time frame. Beside this, one thing is
determined while comparing between Marriott hotel and Hilton is that there is lots of differences
between hospitality companies in various aspects such as; usage of advanced technology,
employees management, operational strategy and so on. On the other hand , changes is also
necessary for company success and development because it aids in generating more or more
revenue by coping with distinct success obstacles ( Suchman, Sluyter and Williamson, 2011).
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate the ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviours within an organisation
Macro and micro drivers have major influence on company success because organization
strategy are designed on the basis of legal terms and conditions in order to control chances of
fraudulent activities. In fact , internal factors are controlled by organization but external are not
managed by company due to the presence of governing bodies. There is a major relationship
between internal and external drivers with leadership , team and individual behaviours. Thus,
various situations are determined that shows an effective relations between business environment
and organizational elements. Detail information about these connection are discussed as below:-
Relationship between internal drivers with leadership, team and employees
behaviour are discussed as follows:-
Organization culture:- It includes various policies, norms ,beliefs and strategies that is
designed by higher authority to apply it on whole association for running a business entity in
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suitable manner. In fact, if there is changes in current policies, rules and regulation then it
automatically influence the various members or factors of Marriott hotel. Additionally, sometime
it create problem for management also while handling number of branches (Anderson and
Anderson, 2010). Thus, effects are-
 Leadership:- Changes in current strategies affects the leading technique of managers and
they are enforced to handle the staff in newly implemented manner. They need to follow
newly designed rules and regulations which may sometime beneficial but at the same
time create problem for leaders by disturbing all the process or method of leading a team.
 Team :- Not only leaders are get affected with changing rules in fact whole team
members are shaken and needs to consider newly designed policies in order to follow it
in proper manner.
 Individual behaviour:- Each or every staff members get disturbed due to
implementation of new laws and rules at workplace as they face numerous of problems
while learning new things. Moreover, it will also consuming more time and automatically
disturb the peaceful environment of an association.
Technological potentiality :- Modern technologies are playing a very eminent role in
development of an association because it aids successful company in various manner. For
example; accomplish business operations in minimum time, make positive relations with
distance consumers, keep records of confidential data, protect it from misused, offer online
booking service to clients hence forth (Hrebiniak, 2013). Whereas, all these changes affecting
organizational elements in distinct ways;-
 Leadership:- Leaders get an effective opportunity to control their team members with the
use of modern equipments like easily contact with them and share relevant information
without wasting much time. It means, process of leading team can enhance with the use
of digital technologies and its changes.
 Team :- Members of group are facing somehow problem to using technology due to its
complex features but at the same time it is beneficial also. As a result some are in favour
of this but few are not agree with this implementation.
 Individual behaviour:- Every employees are having distinct views and opinions towards
changes in usage of technology but most of the staff members of Marriott hotel are
happy with this because digital tools aids in enhancing their knowledge.
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Financial management :- Funds are seen as backbone for entire corporate world because
capital is the reason for company survival as all the business operations are accomplished with
the use of effective budget ( Quinn and et. al., 2011). Thus, it is essential to implement changes
in accounting system for identifying hidden losses as well as trying to maximize the return on
investment. Effects on various elements are;-
 Leadership:- Company needs to focus on funds while leading a team in order to attain
their set objectives or goals.
 Team:- Aids in controlling the wastage of team members by making an effective budget
which may control the expenditure of an association.
 Individual:- Alert each or every workers to perform their job role in suitable manner for
gaining maximum benefits by using appropriate financial strategy.
All the above points shows the changes in internal drivers are directly influence the major
components of an organization which plays a very vital role in success of Marriott hotel. Instead
of micro, External drivers are also affecting company in various manner that is described
as follows:-
Political Governing bodies of nation are liable to design rules and regulations which is
applicable on entire corporate world as well as nation in order to control
probabilities of wrongful conduct. Thus, influence of norms of governing are-
 Leadership:- Managers of Marriott hotel needs to control their team as
per political norms for reducing the chances of any misinterpretation
which may affects the success of entire branch. Along with this , aids in
guiding employees towards corrective path ( van der Voet Kuipers and
Groeneveld, 2015).
 Team :- Political beliefs assist team members how to behave while
working in a group.
 Individual behaviour:- Most important thing is that staff members are
getting more affected as rules are follow by them only. Thus, they are
facing problem while adopting new policies or strict one. But on the
other hand it is beneficial also because it control the chances of
conflicting situations at workplace. As a result productivity can
automatically enhanced.
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Economy Fluctuation or changes in gross domestic product , inflation or deflation and
various economical factor is having various business contract of business and
sometime maximize the workload of firm.
 Leadership :- They need to consider each or every changes in order to
regulate probabilities of loss which resulted in maximization of leaders
pressure as they need to prepare for every reformation.
 Team :- Coping with economy fluctuation is affecting way of working
as sometime it may increase the workload but in few time it is beneficial
also due to maximization of foreign currency rate as compared to home
country.
 Individual:- they need to faced huge competition either loss or profit.
Social Consumer choices or preferences due to introduction of any new or creative
idea by foreign companies or any competitor pressurize the organization while
running their organization. For example; Marriott hotel become conscious due
to launching of unique idea of treating consumers by Hilton, Radisson ,
Morrison and so on. Therefore, it hamper the elements of an association in
various manner-
 Leadership :- Changes in consumer choices enforce leaders to design
innovative products for defeating their competitors.
 Team:- they need to focus on rivalries strategy for performing their
work in appropriate manner by understating each or every aspect.
 Individual:- As per this every individual is getting affected by
reformation in current trends as employees and customers are also
demanded for some change (Glass and Cook, 2016).
Technolog
ical
Emergence of advanced technology is also affecting the leadership decision,
staff members and entire team in various manner. For instance; most of the
talented employees are engaged in advanced tools to perform their business role
in suitable manner. Apart from this, few other are not satisfied with this due to
its complex features as they don’t aware about how to handle technological
equipments.
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P3 Evaluate measures that can be taken to minimise negative impacts of change on
organisational behaviour
Marriott hotel is facing numerous changes at workplace as well as marketplace due to
changes in external and internal factors. In fact, in every coming year fluctuation is definitely
taken place and it will sometime affect in a positive manner but at the same time it will also
influence in negative manner. Beside this changes are occurred at higher level to lower level that
affects the profit level of an organization. An organization needs to focussed on various policies
and norms to control negativity faced by firm while implementing reformation process at
workplace. However, number authors are identified which says that changes in inevitable and
happen at anytime without any indication or alarm. Thus, it is essential to take necessary
initiative and measures for controlling and managing negative impact of change at workplace is
described as follows:-
Define change:- First or foremost step of reformation is to state it in a clear manner for
clearing any hidden confusion that may create problem for staff members while adopting it. This
step consist of two major question that is
 What is the requirement of change?
 How long change is effective?
It means these two question must be answered before implementing things at workplace
so that every individual get prepare for redesigning as well as ready to control it in appropriate
manner ( Hallinger and Heck, 2011). Along with this, clearance of this elements make the
employees alert about various activities that is going to happen in organization in order to make
them ready for any kind of problems and barriers.
Determination of impacts:- Secondly, its time to show the negative and positive impact
of changes that is going to implemented for comparing each or every aspect in better way. Their
main motive is to improve the performance of an association by taking major steps as per
situation demand. In fact, determination showing comparison between positive and negative
effects encourage employees towards adopting new things as well as wanted to try unique things
for gaining maximum benefits for satisfying clients needs or demands. Although, it is not easy to
convince or manipulate each or every member of business due to differences in background,
viewpoints, opinions and thoughts. Therefore, it is indispensable to consider necessary facts or
figures while doing this activity in suitable manner.
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Design an appropriate communication strategy:- Need to interact with every
employees working in an organization for improving the relations between higher and lower
authority. In fact, it is essential to make changes as per client or employees requirement for
making positive connections. However, this process includes the techniques of passing relevant
information in between employees in appropriately by considering each or every aspect and tries
to clear things in much better way. Their objective is to clear confusion amongst members by
making clear plans, methods and corrective path. Although, it will take time but necessary also
for clearing elements in suitable way.
Hence, it is understood that company can easily control negative impact of changes by
following each or every step in effective manner in order to control possibilities of losses and
conflicting situations ( Hintz and Bahia, 2013). All the above methods are used by company
while minimizing the negative impact of change on organization because it aids in identifying all
the hidden materials. For example; determine the conflicting situations, hidden barriers,
understand employees point of view and so on. Apart from this, following each or every steps
aids in managing things in much suitable manner because assist staff members towards
corrective path by taking correct initiatives. Additionally, company is following appropriate
methods and procedures for overcoming distinct issues which might occurred while running a
long business entity.
TASK 3
P4 Explain different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision-
making in a given organisational context
Changes are taking place every where at marketplace for gaining maximum benefits by
using modern technology as it helps in enhancing the sales performance of business entity.
Thus, it has been identified that implementation of changing process is going through various
process and obstacles that is described as follows:-
 Employees:- Staff members are seen as major obstacle at workplace because all the
business activities are run and managed by them only. It means workers are liable for
handling organizational matters as well as responsible for maximizing company profits in
defined time frame. It means, negligence or avoidance of employees are most prominent
problems that is encountered by company while implementing change at workplace.
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 Lack of funds:- Capital is most indispensable element for every association either small
or large because expenses are only possible with the use of sufficient money. It means,
company needs to reserve sufficient amount of funds for reducing this problem of change
management. Beside this, it is essential to focus on managing financial department in
appropriate manner for controlling wastage of money.
 Absence of positive relations:- If an organization get failed in creating positive
connection with employees then it automatically create coordination problem for higher
authority. It helps in reducing probabilities of conflicting situations which might be arise
at the time of running a firm. However , every individual are having their own opinions
and thoughts due to which chances of contentions might arise . Thus , it is indispensable
to focus on managing effective relations.
 Technological barriers:- Unskilled employees are not able to manage or handle
complicated features of advanced technology which affects the productivity of an
association. Basically, in today’s advanced world company needs to adopt modern
technologies but employee restrict due to its complexity and chances of mistakes, errors
and sudden accidents.
 Resistance to change:- Number of people and almost entire staff members are resiting to
reformation because few individuals wanted to live their life more comfortably. Along
with this, they get scared due about any alteration because change is not easily acceptable
by all the members. In fact, some time they also resist due to the involvement of political
bodies.
 Risk:- Uncertainty is not managed easily due to which company get scared while
introducing new things as possibilities of risky situations arises. Because of risky position
company might faced numerous of issues and problems.
 Complexity:- Employees get comfortable with earlier position of an organization due to
which they are rejecting any new or modification in existing one. As it might create
problem while adopting new things.
 Poor interaction:- Communication barrier is seen as major problem for organization due
to which clear information is not passed. As a result, employees reject the new
programmes because of insufficient data.
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TASK 4
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to dealing with change in a range of organisational
contexts
Leaders are playing every eminent role in controlling various changes and liable to
manage it in a proper manner. In fact they need to focus on each or every aspect before making
plans for managing things as well as trying control losses. According to John Kotter and Leonard
number of approaches are identifies which is adopt by leaders to manage organizational change
in most effective way. Thus, few approaches are described as follows:-
 Education and communication:- An effective interaction might get established by
conducting various training programmes and sessions as it helps in informing employees
about need of change at workplace. Thus, if staff members are aware about the process
and know everything then they can automatically support managers for this company
change ( Bingham and Main, 2010).
 Participation and involvement:- By taking opinions from employees as well as assigned
complicated assignments to them for enhancing their morale so that they can also take
part in changes which occurring. As a result members can feel that they are also
considered as a significance part of business entity and they can become more loyal
towards change management. It automatically reduce the problems of leaders.
 Negotiation:- Effective conversation and discussion with employees are very much
essential for understating their views and opinions towards changes. Along with this, it
also aids in encouraging workers towards their assigned job role by inspiring through
healthy discussion. As a result , they can feel as a part of changes and feel comfortable as
well as get motivated towards personal and professional objectives.
 Manipulation :- when all the methods or tools get failed then leaders needs to adopt
manipulative activities for capturing the attention of employees towards changes by
showing various greed. Hence, with the use of open communication employees feel that
the are also involved in the change process. Along with this needs to take guidance from
them during decision making process for attracting them towards implementation of
change.
Leadership are classified into various methods which means an individual may lead their
team in several forms as per their comfort level. Every individual is having their own technique
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of handling business activities due to which they felt bad for it. Some of the major method of
leading a team is discussed as follows:-
 Autocratic:- In this leadership tool leaders are strict towards their rules and regulations
as well as giving ordering to their staff members for accomplishing their bushiness activities.
Number of strict leaders are identified which are strictly assisting others and make decision
without consulting their subordinates.
 Democratic:- Every individual are free to express their views and opinions as well as
plays crucial role in decision making process.
 Laissez:- Neither employees nor leaders are serious towards thei job role due to which
company might face major loss.
At the end it has been understood that company needs to adopt democratic way of
leadership because it helps in creating positive relations with employees as well as maintain the
peaceful environment at workplace.
CONCLUSION
From the above assignment it has been summarized that changes at workplace is highly
indispensable because it helps an organization in various manner as well as aids in maximizing
the profit level of firm. Therefore, report was showing the impact of changes on Marriott hotel
which is engaged in offering hospitality services to millions of customers. Thus , company is
involving in numerous of reformation for dealing with fluctuation that is occurring at
environment. Additionally, project is showing that company was also taking major steps to
control the negative influence of changes on whole association and its profit level. Beside this
leaders of business entity are also engaged in designing various plans and policies with the use of
effective approaches for dealing with various kinds of changes. Lastly, it has been understood
that managers of Marriott is focussing on several success strategy in order to minimize
possibilities of mistakes.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Fullan, M., 2014. Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John
Wiley & Sons.
Kezar, A., 2011. Understanding and Facilitating Organizational Change in the 21st Century:
Recent Research and Conceptualizations: ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, Volume 28,
Number 4 (Vol. 155). John Wiley & Sons.
Thomas, T and et. al., 2013. Leading change and innovation in teacher preparation: A blueprint
for developing TPACK ready teacher candidates. TechTrends, 57(5), pp.55-63.
Carrington, S., Deppeler, J. and Moss, J., 2010. Cultivating teachers' knowledge and skills for
leading change in schools. Australian journal of teacher education, 35(1), pp.1-13.
Suchman, A.L., Sluyter, D.J. and Williamson, P.R. eds., 2011. Leading change in healthcare:
transforming organizations using complexity, positive psychology and relationship-centered
care. Radcliffe Publishing.
Anderson, D. and Anderson, L.A., 2010. Beyond change management: How to achieve
breakthrough results through conscious change leadership (Vol. 36). John Wiley & Sons.
Hrebiniak, L.G., 2013. Making strategy work: Leading effective execution and change. FT Press.
Quinn, D.M and et. al., 2011. Leading change: Applying change management approaches to
engage students in blended learning. ASCILITE.
van der Voet, J., Kuipers, B. and Groeneveld, S., 2015. Held back and pushed forward: leading
change in a complex public sector environment. Journal of Organizational Change
Management, 28(2), pp.290-300.
Glass, C. and Cook, A., 2016. Leading at the top: Understanding women's challenges above the
glass ceiling. The Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), pp.51-63.
Hallinger, P. and Heck, R.H., 2011. Collaborative leadership and school improvement:
Understanding the impact on school capacity and student learning. In International handbook of
leadership for learning (pp. 469-485). Springer, Dordrecht.
Hintz, C. and Bahia, H., 2013. Understanding mechanisms leading to asphalt binder fatigue in
the dynamic shear rheometer. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 14(sup2), pp.231-251.
Bingham, D. and Main, E.K., 2010. Effective implementation strategies and tactics for leading
change on maternity units. The Journal of perinatal & neonatal nursing, 24(1), pp.32-42.
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