Leading Change and Innovation

The provided document is an extensive collection of research papers and articles on leading change in various contexts. The list includes books, journals, and online resources that discuss leadership strategies, organizational transformation, and innovation. The references cover topics such as situational leadership, cultural change, academic transformation, educational change, and social cognitive neuroscience. This comprehensive compilation provides a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the field of leading change.

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Impact of change on an organisation's strategy and operations.............................................1
P2 Internal and external drivers of change which affect the leadership, team and individual
behaviour.....................................................................................................................................3
P3 Evaluating measures from which negative impacts of changes can be minimized..............5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Different barriers for change and how they influence the leadership decision making.........8
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10
P5 Different leadership approaches to deal with changes.........................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Changes in the organisation is necessary for continuous improvement and increasing the
profitability. The report covers the impact of changes on Domino's and Pizza hut strategies and
operational activities. The ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect the
leadership, team and individual behaviour will be discussed in this report. Some measures which
can be taken for minimising the negative impact of changes also covered in this report. The
barriers for making changes and how the affect the decision making of leaders will be discussed.
Finally, the different leadership approaches and the best one for dealing the changes will be
covered in this report.
TASK 1
P1 Impact of change on an organisation's strategy and operations
Every business requires changes in their process, techniques, tools and management that
helps to increase the performance of the firm effectively and efficiently. Changes are necessary
to achieve positive results in terms of profitability and production. Change in management or
tools also can be helpful to provide help for an individual for making successful personal
transitions (Benton and Visbal, 2018). Management and leaders should analyse the potential
areas which required changes to maximise the profitability and goals into a broader business
context effectively. This will help them to compete with others in the market.
CHANGES IN ORGANISATION
 Structural changes: Structural changes are made according to the firm structure and
design which might be internal or external factors affect the way an business run
effectively. Structural changes include things such as chain of command, business
hierarchy, management system, administrative process and job structure effectively.
There are some certain circumstances which should be involved in structural changes
such as acquisition and mergers, market changes, job duplication as well as policy and
procedure changes efficiently. For an example, Domino's and Pizza hut, both firms are
famous for making pizza and other related fast food products for customers in a same
market effectively (Boat and Taylor, 2015). Both firms have similar structure that they
both are related to food industry. Thus, structure changes will help both firms to
differentiate their own structure in the market .
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 Strategic changes: Strategic changes such as purpose of the firm, strategies and plans,
overall goals and objectives and vision of both organisation . Domino's and Pizza hut
both businesses should make changes in their strategies and plans to attract new and
target customers in the market effectively and efficiently. This will help them to manage
their business activities internally and externally. Changes made in such things, products
and services, offers and customer segments to reach the market will help them to be
strategic towards their goals and objectives effectively. Position in the global economy,
distributors and other logistical requirements are some best examples for changes made in
strategies and plans. The main impact of these changes affects the operational activities
and management in both positive and negative terms.
 Process changes: As Domino's and Pizza hut both have similar products and famous for
making fast food especially Pizza's for customers in the market. The process for making
products and services are different from each other that they both have their individual
procedure to manage their products tastes and preferences according to the customer’s
demands and perceptions effectively (Croft, 2017). This will have a positive impact on
their strategies and operations.
The primary activities of Porter's value chain model will also help to analyse the impact
of changes in both Domino's and Pizza hut strategies and operations efficiently. The model
involves some factors which affect the operational and strategic activities of organisations which
is also known as primary activities.
 Inbound logistics: Inbound logistics involves all the procedures which are related to
Domino's and Pizza hut storing, receiving and distributing the products and services
internally. Relationship from suppliers is the main factor here for creating value for
Domino's and Pizza hut effectively.
 Operations: Operational system of Domino's and Pizza hut are the transformation
activities which will help them to change their inputs into outputs . Changes in strategies
and operational activities have a significant impact on the objectives, customers and other
internal activities of both firms which help them to increase their profitability and
production in the market .
 Marketing and sales: Changes in strategies and operations will affect the market and
sales of Domino's and Pizza hut that they are able to manage their customers for
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purchasing their products instead of other rivalry firms and competitors effectively (de
Sousa Jabbour, 2015). This will increase their sales and also attract new customers to
purchase their products and services .
 Services: Services are the activities of both Domino's and Pizza hut which relates to
maintain the value of products and services offered by both firms effectively. Strategical
and operational changes in both firm will affect the services from which they can increase
services and value using some activities once its purchased by the consumers efficiently.
This will help both firms to improve their own market and customer preferences to
improve their services and quality of products. This will also help them to increase their
profitability and production in the market towards target and new consumers effectively
and efficiently.
P2 Internal and external drivers of change which affect the leadership, team and individual
behaviour
INTERNAL DRIVERS OF CHANGE
Internal environment for both Domino's and Pizza hut refers to the factors, people,
events, structures, systems and different conditions which is controlled and managed by the
organisations internally. The vision and mission statement of Domino's and Pizza hut, culture,
leadership style are some internal environment which is associated with the firms effectively and
efficiently (Edge, 2017). Thus, the internal environment influences the activities, leadership,
team and individual behaviour, decisions and attitudes . Leadership changes in terms of
leadership styles will also have a considerable impact on the business.
 Organisation structure: Structure of the firm such as levels of hierarchy, recruitment,
team work collaboration and different roles of employees affect the leadership and team
as well as individual behaviour. Organisational structural changes are made according to
Domino's and Pizza hut structure and design which might be internal factors which affect
the way which a business run effectively.
SWOT ANALYSIS
 Strengths: Strengths are the advantages of both firms from which they can manage their
customers in the market and this will also has an impact on leadership and individual as
well as team behaviour (Engen and English, 2016). Leadership styles should be changed
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by both Domino's and Pizza hut to manage and control the business activities with
making some unique resources for the firm effectively.
 Weaknesses: The main weakness of both firms that they have similar products to serve
towards customers effectively. Leadership styles such as situational leadership will be
applicable to manage and control different situations in the firm and also affect the
individual and team behaviour performance.
 Opportunities: Opportunities are the elements which both organisation should evaluate
with their effectiveness such as interesting trends, technological changes in the market,
changes in tastes and preferences, lifestyle changes and population analysis effectively.
This will help leaders to manage their decisions to accomplish the desired goals and
objectives. Individual and team behaviour will also changed to take advantages of the
opportunities.
 Threats: Threats are the disadvantages of both Domino's and Pizza hut which should be
covered by using various leadership styles (Ferguson, Hall and Hopwood, 2015).
Obstacles, technological threat, bad debts, tastes issues are some elements which should
be considered and managed by both firms effectively. This will also have a significant
impact on leadership and behaviour of individual as well as team.
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT USING PESTLE
 Political: Political factors such as government influences in terms of tax policies, trade
tariffs and fiscal policies also have a impact on leadership and individual as well as team
behaviour effectively. The government can impose a new duty for taxes which affect the
entire revenue of both Domino's and Pizza hut and structure as well. In respect to this,
leadership styles will be changed to manage and control the business activities.
 Economical: Economical factors such as changes in interest rates, economic growth
patterns and foreign exchange rates will affect the business products and services price
effectively. It will also affect the leadership and team behaviour for changing the styles
and process according to the economical changes efficiently.
 Social: Social factors such as social environment of the market, population analysis,
demographics and cultural trends also affect the business process and structure to manage
the activities and operations according to the social factors to increase the profitability
and production effectively (Galvin and Clark, 2015). Consumers are social elements that
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they have different preferences and tastes which affect the strategies and behaviour of
organisation and team.
 Technological: Technological factors such as changes and innovations in techniques
which affect the business operations of Domino's and Pizza hut in the market in both
positive and negative terms effectively. Leaders and individual should research the
innovations and development in technologies to manage the business activities and
awareness to possess the market effectively and efficiently.
 Legal: Legal factors have both internal and external sides that there are some certain laws
and legislations which affect the business environment and policies which they used to
maintain for themselves effectively. Consumers laws, labour laws and safety standards
are some elements of legal factors which have a impact on leadership styles and
behaviour of team and an individual.
 Environmental: Environmental factors includes all the elements and influences which
can be evaluated from the surrounding environment effectively (Hay, 2017). Farming,
agriculture and tourism are some elements of environmental factors which affect the
leadership and team and individual behaviour effectively and efficiently. Weather, global
changes and climate in other countries where both Domino's and Pizza hut managing
their business activities affect the leadership and team behaviour effectively.
Thus, it can be said that both internal and external drivers of change affect the leadership
and behaviour of an individual and team effectively and efficiently. This can be justify from the
use of SWOT and PESTLE that both factors have a significant impact for changing leadership
styles and behaviour of team and individual accordingly.
P3 Evaluating measures from which negative impacts of changes can be minimized
Changes in structures, strategies and plans has both positive and negative impacts on
Domino's and Pizza hut that there are several methods and approaches which can be used to
reduce the negative impacts of changes in organisational behaviours effectively and efficiently.
The system theory or approach and continuous improvement both are the effective way from
which Domino's and Pizza hut can reduce their negative impacts of changes effectively.
 System theory: System theory or approach is used by the management to determine the
certain elements or factors which are affecting the production and profitability of both
Domino's and Pizza hut effectively (Henderson, Gulati and Tushman, 2015). The system
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theory approach is a social system which interact with the environments in order to
reduce the impact of changes effectively and efficiently. Domino's and Pizza hut is
depended on the essential resources which is used for managing their operational
activities such as products and services, suppliers, employees, management, stakeholders,
government etc. system theory helps organisation to manage and adapt the changes made
in these elements effectively. It will also help to identify the behaviour of Domino's and
Pizza hut by mapping the repeat cycles of inputs, outputs, comments and feedbacks
between external environment and organisation. System theory focuses on the approaches
which is used to maintain the survival factors of organisation and emphasize the long
terms objectives and goals effectively (Wagner and Mathison, 2015). This will help
management to evaluate the environmental factors which affect the operational activities
and positive results of Domino's and Pizza hut effectively and efficiently.
CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT MODEL
Continuous improvement is also a key element to minimize the negative impact of
changes for Domino's and Pizza hut effectively and efficiently. In addition to this, continuous
improvement identify the opportunities and strategies for requirements of changing effectively. It
also helps to implement the changes on a small scale effectively (Hughes, 2016). Continuous
improvement analyses the data and information to produce effective and positive results of
change and also evaluate whether it makes any difference or not effectively. In the case if the
changes becomes successfully implemented the process continuous and if not then it will be
begin with cycle again effectively.
 Improvements are based on small changes: The concept of small changes refers that
the large changes are often destabilising and also feel frightening for Domino's and Pizza
hut that by approaching in small changes, continuous improvement reduces the fear
factors and also increase the efficiencies of improvement effectively.
 Ideas from employees: Continuous improvement model is based on employees idea for
regular improvement opportunities. Employees are the only one who are nearest to the
problems and well known of issues that they provide better solutions for the problems
effectively. This will help organisation to reduce their negative impacts of changes in the
firm operational activities effectively and efficiently.
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 Incremental improvement: Employees in Domino's and Pizza hut prefers for small
changes that they are less expensive and also easy to implement effectively (Hughes and
Harris, 2015). Ideas comes from employees at workplace such as eliminating ineffective
process, problems solutions etc. this will help management and organisation to value their
feedbacks and helps to reduce the waste efforts effectively.
 Improvement is reflective: Feedbacks are the important aspects for developing the
continuous improvement model. Open communication is very crucial at every phase
where the execution of improvement is critical for both maintaining the workers
engagement and final outcomes from improvement.
 Improvement is measurable and repeatable: The impact of changes must be measured
by the management and organisation to evaluate the improvement effectiveness in the
firm effectively. Thus, it will help to determine the changes which can be also used
towards other problems effectively. This can be also repeated with the help of
technologies so that the positive results in Domino's and Pizza hut can be successfully
achieved.
BURKE-LITWEN MODEL
 External environment: In this context the key elements must be identified which have
an impact on Domino's and Pizza hut which helps to evaluate the indirect and direct
impact effectively (Struthers, Tilbury and Williams, 2017).
 Mission and strategy: The management of Domino's and Pizza hut should defines the
vision, mission and strategy of the firm in respect to employees point of view effectively.
 Leadership: The management and leaders should study the structure of leadership in
order to identify the roles and responsibilities in Domino's and Pizza hut effectively
(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2015).
 Structure: The structure study should not be confined to structure of hierarchy that it
should be a function which is based on focusing the authority, responsibilities, decision
making and communication between the employees in Domino's and Pizza hut
effectively.
 Systems: System involves all the procedures and policies which is associated with both
operational activities and employees in Domino's and Pizza hut effectively and
efficiently.
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 Management practices: Management practices describes the study of managers and
leaders behaviours with organisational strategies and dealing with employees towards
their work and resources effectively (Snyder, 2016).
 Tasks and skills: This refers to the skills and knowledge requires in a employee for
performing well in his task with responsibilities for the position of job effectively.
 Motivation level: In this process the motivation level of employees is determined in
order to find the efforts they are putting for completing their tasks effectively.
 Individual and overall performance: The dimension includes the identification of
employees performance level in the firm in order to evaluate the individual and
organisation levels in such areas productivity, efficiency, quality and customer
satisfaction. This will help to minimize the negative impact of changes in Domino's and
Pizza hut effectively.
TASK 2
P4 Different barriers for change and how they influence the leadership decision making
BARRIERS FOR CHANGE
 Lack of employee involvement: This is the most common barrier occurs while making
changes in the business effectively. Employees in Domino's have the fear of changes that
they are not involved in the process of changes. Even the most loyal employees not get
involved in the changing process due to the fear and will resist the changes (Jacobs,
Rouse and Parsons, 2014). Changes can be successful with the help of feedbacks and
suggestions provided by employees in the firm effectively and efficiently. Employees
helps management and leaders by providing them their opinions, assuring them whether
the changes will be effective or remain ineffective in the firm at workplace effectively.
 Lack of effective communication strategy: There is lack of effective communication
sometimes in the organisations that leaders and managers assumes that they will
implement the changes and employees in the firm will accept the changes and work
accordingly. This is a very wrong way to introduce the changes towards employees in
Domino's, hence they can resist the changes effectively. Communication requires for the
leaders and managers in order to make effective changes in Domino's that employees will
give their hundred percent and will accept the changes effectively.
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 Bad culture: Sometimes the managers and leaders who implement the changes has no
idea that changes can affect the employees in the firm and the environment as well
effectively and efficiently. Thus, it will produce a bad and ineffective environment in the
firm which reduce the working capabilities of employees and also demotivate them
towards their work effectively. This will also affect the decision making of leaders and
managers which reduces the effectiveness of changes (Jamieson and Milbrandt, 2017).
Thus, management and leaders in Domino's should break this barrier by effective
planning and understanding the feelings of employees at workplace effectively.
 Unknown current state: Changes are very difficult to implement that the lack of idea
with the current state effectively. Changes made in the Domino's without assessing and
understanding the blueprint of organisation remains ineffective and also affect the leaders
analysing the current situation and conditions in the firm effectively.
 Organisation complexity: Organisation complexity involves the process of complex,
products and systems, and contribution to change the barriers which is hard for the
employees to understand effectively. It is required for Domino's in order to approach for
a fast growth of organisation as well as the complexity effectively and efficiently.
Implementation of complex changes will help management and leaders in Domino's to
reduce and handle the complex changes effectively (Maccoby, 2015).
FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS
 Describe the plan and proposal for changes: Domino's should describes its vision and
mission for implementing changes in the firm. This will be the main element for leaders
and managers to introduce the vision of firm in front of employees from which they
requires the changes effectively.
 Identify forces for change: The step involves and allows leaders to determine the forces
which will be used for implementing changes in the firm effectively. This can be both
internal and external efficiently. The internal drivers will include the outdated products
and machineries, requirements to increase the profitability and declining the morale of
team effectively. The external drivers will include the disruptive technologies, changes in
demographics trends and operating environment of Domino's effectively.
 Identification of forces against changes: The process will determine the forces which
resist or are unfavourable for making changes in the firm (Maimon, 2018). This process
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has also internal and external resisters which includes the fears of unknown, existing
structure of organisation and attitudes. The external resister will involve the
commitments, government legislations and obligations towards the consumers
effectively.
 Assign scores: The process of assign scores is a representation of influences which each
forces have and will be drawn as an arrow around them effectively and efficiently. Bigger
arrows will represent the large influences which have an impact on leadership decision
making and smaller one for the weaker impact effectively.
 Analyse and apply: Finally, the force field analysis is ready to implement to decide
whether it is required to move forward towards the decisions or changes or not
effectively. It should also be analysed that how a force can provide strengths towards
leaders effective decision making and how it will implement the changes successfully and
effectively. This will also help Domino's to achieve its desired goals and objectives
effectively.
TASK 3
P5 Different leadership approaches to deal with changes
Leadership approaches helps leaders to deal with changes in terms of positive and
negative impacts it has on the organisation effectively. There are several theories, styles and
approaches of leadership which can be used for solving the problems of changes efficiently.
Approaches of leadership also helps to implement a effective change in the firm and producing
effective outcomes from it (McCalman and Potter, 2015). There are some approaches is
discussed below for managing and handling the changes in the firm.
 The trait approach: The trait approach of leadership determines that leaders are born
with the qualities of leadership, personality traits and qualities effectively and efficiently.
This approach describes the qualities of leaders and effectiveness of leadership towards
employees for managing and handling the operational activities in the firm effectively.
 The functional approach: The functional approach describes that a leader can be
improve its leadership through learning and developing the leadership qualities in him
effectively. This will be done by focusing on responsibilities, accountabilities and
functions of the leader and the nature of group effectively and efficiently.
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 Behaviour approach: Behaviour approach of leadership focuses on the behaviour of
leadership in people who are sitting on the position to act like an leader in the firm.
Concern of people and concern for production are the two behavioural styles with two
dimensions which is considered in behaviour approach effectively and efficiently.
 Situational approach: The situational approach of leadership determines the style of
leadership which is the most effective and single style of leadership (Mertler, 2016). The
situational approach is used in all kind of different situations in the firm for facing the
changes issues and problems effectively. The Fielder situation leadership includes the
relation of leaders, structure of task and the power of the position. Vroom leadership
defines the quality and acceptance of decision made by leaders. The path goal theory and
Hersey and Blanchard theory of competence of followers also helps to reduce the
negative impact of changes in the firm effectively.
KOTTER'S 8 STEP CHANGE MODEL
The model helps organisation and leaders to implement the change successfully and
powerfully.
 Create urgency: The first step includes the development of sense which is required for
urgency around the needs of change effectively. This will help leaders to spark the
motivation for moving things in the firm. This will include the identification of potential
threats, opportunities and strengths for the arguments effectively.
 Form a powerful coalition: The step involves the communication between employees
for making changes and its importance effectively. This will require the strong leadership
and also the visible support from employees and managers (Reissner, 2014). To lead the
changes organisation should bring together a team, coalition, influential people and
variety of sources effectively.
 Vision for change: A clear vision towards changes and why it is important to implement
in the firm is also necessary to understand the employees work at work place. This will
required great ideas and solutions which will be floating around effectively. This will
include the determination of values, strategy and practice to speech the vision.
 Communicate the vision: Communication of vision is important that it will describe the
success of organisation. The vision will be strong with day to day communication and
everything which organisation should do (Ryan, 2016). It will include the changes of
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vision and communication, address employees openly and honestly and vision to all
aspects of operations.
 Remove obstacles: The vision will be clear for all employees and they will get busy for
achieving their benefits effectively. This will include the identification of leaders changes
which have main roles to deliver the change, organisation structure, removing barriers
and people who are resting the changes effectively.
 Creating short term wins: The changes will lead organisation towards success and will
have a positive impact on employees in a short period of time effectively. Some quick
wins are necessary to change the minds of employees towards organisation for achieving
success. This will include the implementation of projects without any strong critics of the
changes, reward for the employees who achieved their targets and analysing the potential
cons and pros of targets.
 Build on the change: The KOTTER said that many projects fails because they declare
their victory too early. Quick wins are the basic beginnings of victory that it requires a
long period of time to achieve the targets effectively (Salman and Broten, 2017).
 Anchor the changes in corporate culture: Finally, the changes becomes the part of
organisation which describes the values in terms of day to day activities towards work.
Continuous efforts will be required for managing the activities and positive outcomes
which will help organisation to achieve its goals and objectives effectively.
THE SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP
The situational leadership will be the best approach for the leaders to make effective
changes and drive them effectively. The situational approach is used in all kind of different
situations in the firm for facing the changes issues and problems effectively (Salmond and
Forrester, 2015). Changes through strategic communication, movement through the leadership
approach and principles of leadership will also help to drive the changes effectively and
efficiently in the firm. This will increase the profitability and production in the firm which will
help to achieve the desired goals and objectives effectively (Grimsley, 2017).
CONCLUSION
It can be concluded from the above report that changes have a impact on organisation's
strategy and operational activities. Changes also needs the factors to manage the negative
impacts. Changes has also an impact on leadership and individual as well as team behaviour
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effectively. There are several factors which is used to reduce the negative impacts of changes in
the firm. There are many barriers which influence the decision making of leaders and also the
leadership approach to manage and handle them effectively. Finally, leadership approaches to
drive the changes effectively which helps leaders for making effective decision making.
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