Understanding a Leading a Change - Assignment

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
L O 1................................................................................................................................................4
P 1 Comparison between different organisation and their impact of change on an
organisation's Strategies and operations.................................................................................4
M1...........................................................................................................................................6
L O 2................................................................................................................................................7
P2 External and Internal drivers of change affect the behaviour of individual and team in an
organisation............................................................................................................................7
M2...........................................................................................................................................8
P3 measures that can be taken to minimize the negative impacts on organisation behaviour.9
LO3................................................................................................................................................10
P4 different barrier of change and influence leadership decision making...........................10
M3.........................................................................................................................................12
LO4................................................................................................................................................12
P5 different leadership approach for dealing with the changes...........................................12
M4.........................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
When a company take over projects or opportunities to enhance performance or
acknowledge key issues, they need change; change is process, organizational structure, job roles
and technology. It is a systematic technique to deal with transformation of company's goals and
objectives. Purpose of this approach is to develop strategies for change, control change and help
in adapting change.
Marks and Spencer is an British MNC founded in 1884. It is headquartered in
Westminster, London and the developer of the organization was Michael Marks Thomas
Spencer. The company is known for its high quality clothing, home products and food items. It is
listed on London Stock Exchange and it serves its products globally. M&S has 959 stores in
U.K. Total people working at M&S ARE 80,787.
This study includes the difference between Marks &Spencer and Burberry and their
impact of change on their organizational strategies and operations. Further this study includes
internal and external drivers of change that affect the behaviour in an organization. Methods to
minimize negative impact of change on organizational behaviour. Then this study focuses on
barriers to change and how that affects the leadership decision-making. Then study focuses on

various types of leadership approaches to deal with change(Al Barwani, Flores, and Imig,
2018).
L O 1
P 1 Comparison between different organisation and their impact of change on an organisation's
Strategies and operations.
Every organization follows various organizational strategies and influence of these techniques
vary from business to business. Difference between the organizational strategies of Marks &
Spencer and Burberry and their effect on their organization is as follows :-
BASIS MARKS AND SPENCER BURBERRY
Organisational Structure The company is following flat
organizational structure. This
removes some level from
management. The effect of this
structure was it minimized the
middle level management,
which helped in reducing cost
and this boosts the morale and
confidence of employees as
there decisions are appreciated.
This company has
hierarchical organizational
structure. This structure has
proper flow of authority and
responsibility. This structure
affected Burberry as the
company has systematic
flow of power and duties
with given responsibilities
and there is uniformity in the
company.
Leadership Marks & Spencer follows
autocratic leadership style,
according to this the employees
have to listen to the orders
given by superior and they have
no right to take their own
decisions. This technique has an
negative impact on the
employees as they are treated as
Burberry adopted democratic
leadership style, in this
technique employees have
the power on own decision-
making and their decisions
are appreciated, they equally
participate in management
function, this keeps them
motivated and they have a

slaves and their decision holds
no value. This can let people
think demotivated.
feeling of self esteem(Diaz-
Rainey,Robertson, and
Wilson,2017.).
Technology The new technological
advancement adopted by Marks
& Spencer affected is a positive
way as the company closed
about 100 stores and focus on
developing online sales. This
minimize the company's cost
and maximize the profits. The
company focusing on social
media marketing, campaigns
etc. so to improve sales.
Burberry adopted the
modern method of
technology (machinery) as
against the old method of
production. The new
technological change
affected the cost of
production. This reduces the
cost of the products and help
in increasing profits. Help in
achieving objectives quickly.
Cultural Structure Company follows hierarchy in
culture, it simply means the
employees has to listen to their
leaders and managers. Their
order is their command. This
create uniformity in people and
so in organization. But this also
has a negative effect on people
that their decisions are not
respected and there is a
possibility they don't according
to the set norms or to their
fullest(Doppelt, 2017).
This organization follows
diversified culture, the
employees have different
skills and work culture and
then they work together for
the common goal of
organization. This strategy
affect the efficiency and
effectiveness of company's
employees as they are free to
be themselves. They have a
positive mind set as there
thoughts are welcomed.

Training Training at M&S is given by
the trainer, lectures were
provided to the employees that
increase their level of
understanding, knowledge and
skills so that they can perform
task in different sectors. In this
training the employees have a
fair chance to talk and ask
anything to the leader directly.
Employees can clear their doubt
easily(Dudar, Scott, and Scott,
2017).
Training is provided through
computer at Burberry, this
has positive impact on the
employees their, this
enhance their knowledge
about computers and they
will get the knowledge about
various sector. This
technique has a drawback
that employees can't ask or
clear their doubts directly or
spontaneously. They have to
wait for the reply and this
can take time and until the
reply will come they can't
further do their work.
Working hours M&S has flexible working
hours, as this method gave
employees some freedom to
their working they can work
freely in office hours and in
case of emergency they can opt
work from home. This created a
positive environment in the
office as employees don't feel
much pressure and this
increased the retention rate of
the company (Espedal, 2017).
Burberry uses the old
technique; they have strict
working hours. They have to
work in given time period
and had to face much
pressure. This old method
had a negative effect on
employees as they are not
satisfied with the working
environment and working
hours. This demotivates
employees and increase the
attrition rate.

M1
There Political factors influence the business whether it locally situated(within) or
internationally. Brexit lead to the increase in the sourcing price of Marks and Spencer. Company
has always suffered ups and downs due to political factors and that has always been the rough
part for decision-making in the organization. And can affect the decision-making of individuals,
teams and leaders (Rossi, 2019).
If the investors back out from funding the company(M&S) it will affect the teams and leader’s
behaviour. As this will affect their working, their planning regarding funds. Teams and leaders
have made their budgets to do a specific task and if the funds are less this will create problems
for them.
L O 2
P2 External and Internal drivers of change affect the behaviour of individual and team in an
organisation
INTERNAL
1. Deficiency in Organizational Structure: Improper structure of the organization can
affect the attitude and behaviour of individuals at M&S. If there is no proper flow of
authority and responsibility is the company. That creates confusion and conflict between
the employees of the company as they don't know to whom they are responsible to give
answers and how much responsibility they have.
2. Lack of Communication: If M&S has good communication it can achieve its goals
timely and effectively. Communication is an important aspect in achieving goals and
objectives. Effective communication that is two way between top level managers and
lower level managers will enhance the relation between the two and will lead to smooth
working in the organization. Communication gap can effect the process, it can cause
many confusion and problems. This can affect an individuals and teams behaviour(Glass,
and Cook, 2016)
3. Values and Culture Difference : Every individual has their own beliefs, values and they
follow different culture. Marks and Spencer has hire employees from different work
culture so that they can bring something new to the organization. They work together

with utmost co operation and they bring the more enthusiasm and motivation in the
company.
4. Lack Of Resources : If M&S lacks resources there operations can be affected and
delayed. The organization's needs can't be fulfilled and this will affect the behaviour of
individuals and teams and their dedication. There set goals cant be completed on time and
will affect the productivity of the company(Iles, 2017.).
5. Changes in Managers : Every new managers has new ideas, thoughts and new working
techniques. If M&S will keep on changing its managers it can be possible that employees
don't like the new ideas of the new managers, and it is possible that manager doesn't like
the working of employees. It can create misunderstanding between them. They have to
cooperate with each other only then they can together achieve the set standards.
EXTERNAL
1. Technological Factor: The fast pace in technology will affect organizational structure of
M&S as the regular innovation in technology bring change in customers tastes and
preference. And in this digitalization where customers can get information about anything
the company has to think two steps ahead. Fast changes will affect behaviour of
individuals, teams and leaders as now they have constantly change their patterns
according to the change. If the company do not bring new technological change it can
either suffer loss of customers and will eventually start suffering losses.
2. Government Factor: The changing government and their policies will influence the
teams and leaders decision-making. M&S has to comply with all the changing rules,
regulations and legislations. If any point is missed it will affect the whole organization. If
they don't comply with the rules it can be a possibility that the breach of any rule would
cause them loss of money, loss of trust and recognitions (Nelson-Brantley, and et.al.,
2018).
3. Competitor: As now competition is the most important aspect for surviving in the
market. Competitors policies will affect the decisions of individual and team at M&S.
The management of M&S has to properly understand the policies of competitors and then
react to them. Changing policies of competing firms will eventually lead in change in
other firm.

M2
In order to response to change company can make use of Lewin change management model. The
first stage in this is freezing. In this the change will be analysed and interpreted by company.
Next will be implementing of change, in this step modifications will be implied in firm. In this
management will provide support to employees during the process of change. Last stage is
unfreezing where the actual change will be implemented.
P3 measures that can be taken to minimize the negative impacts on organisation behaviour.
Small change in the organization structure that can be impact on the organization
behaviour and also demotivate the employee of the company. It will also effect on the production
rate of the Marks and Spencer company and it effects on the market value of the company and
also effect the business of the firm. Company use some model which help them to minimize the
negative impact of change. Marks and Spencer use Continuously improvement model in
company for improving the production of the company and minimize the negative impact of
change.
Continuously improvement model:
This model helps the organisation to overcome the negative impact of the change. There
are some steps in the model.
 Identify: in this first step of the model and also the main step of the model. It helps the
company to find or identify the change and factor which are effect on the performance of
the company. Marks and Spencer identify the factor of the change. Like weather are
changing and from this it effects on the company's performance. After the all kind of
analysis take decision about it that change adoptee or not and what kind of effect on the
company when the change are applied on the company. It will help the organisation to
make sure about the change and after this step they can make any kind of decision about
it(van der Voet, Kuipers,and Groeneveld,2015).
 Planning: after the all analysis the factor of the change company will plaining for the
what kind of things they do for the apply the change. In the planning stage management
of the marks and Spencer will plan for the apply the changes and also ensure that what
they do for the improving the current model. This will help the company to make the
planning about the adopting the changes and the head department makes the best plan for
the marks and Spencer for apply the changes.

 Executing: When the selection of the strategy is done to adopt the new market trends.
Marks and Spencer will implement the change in the organisation structural which is the
need of the company to adopt the change. The company will train the employees on
regular bases to learn about the change and the employee can easily adopt the change and
implement it in there working process. It takes some time and money for that process but
gives the good outcome as the high production rate and more work potential of the work.
They company will also motivate the employees so that the retention rate of the employee
stays high.
 Review: After going through every steps Marks and Spencer will collect the review
about the change such as whether the employees are facing any problem in adopting the
change which help the company to understand the effect of the Change for the employee,
the process of work in more easily or the change just complicated the process, what are
the results of the change. After collecting all the reviews Marks and Spencer will create
more strategies if the change is not helpful or causing any problems and if any employee
facing any problem them they make sure that they will resolve this issue as soon as
possible.
Marks and Spencer company also provide the training and development program for the
employee which help them employees to adopting the changes and also communicate with the
employee at the regular bases which help them to understand the problem which are faced by the
employee from the changes and then they resolve the issue about the changes which help the
employee for the work(Wilkinson, and et.al., 2017).
LO3
P4 different barrier of change and influence leadership decision making.
There are many kinds of barrier of the change which effect the performance and working
of the company and also need to the company to adopt the change in the organization. Some
barriers are described in the Force filed model which is described by the Kurt Lewin. In this
model it will provide the same key barriers and also how to overcome that. These are the key
barriers.
 Forces of changes: These are those changes which need to be done in the organization.
Theses are necessary changes which will increase the profits of the company and also
maintain the production of the company and increase the market value of the company.

Various changes that can be done are like a company can do better and they need to apply
on the organization. Many time leaders have a feeling that the company can do better but
it not happened so they need to change in the organization for improvement. It happens
when all the employees are not working at their full potential and they need some change
in work that they can increase the potential. The desire to increase the profits of the
company by the owner can also result in changes. Changes are not easily done in any
organization. It needs the hard-work of leaders and managers for the organization which
they can help the other employee to adopt the changes. The need to increase the
efficiency of the company and to become more competitive over other firms. Marks and
Spencer is incurring losses in its product mainly the ladies fashion. The clothes are of old
fashion and new generation does not like it and day by day trends in market will change.
The company need to change its product line so that it can attract the customers again. It
needs to change its machinery and should employ innovative employees in the company
who can share ideas for new products which help the company for attract the new
consumer also help for retain the old customer with the help of the new and different kind
of fashionable product. Change can be also due to the less flexibility n the organization.
 Forces restraining change:There are different forces outside the organization that
restrain changes. External changes are those which are out of the control of the company
and this kind of change force the company to apply on it. Some changes can be like
increased demand for higher quality goods, changes in economic conditions, changes in
government policy. Their design were old and not of good quality as compared to other
brands. People change brand very easily nowadays as there are various options available
to them and many customers of the company Done this thing which have the big loss of
the customer for the company. Globalization has also affected the business very much as
many brands have come into markets which provide good quality product at low cost and
it increases the competition in the market. The competition online also has increased and
which is affecting the sale of Marks and Spencer. The company has launched a new food-
line and is getting loss in that. The reason for loss is the high price of goods. There are
other stores in the market selling the same product at cheaper price. To stand in the
competitive market, Marks and Spencer must bring new clothing range for women and

sell the food items at low price which help to bring back customers and also attract the
new customers.
M3
Lewin's Force Field Model is an important contribution to the theory of change management -
the part of strategic management that tries to ensure that a business responds to the environment
in which it operates. The leaders of Marks and Spencer are affected by the external competition.
They are not able to cope up with the market which cause the company as the big loss of the
customers.
LO4
P5 different leadership approach for dealing with the changes
Leadership approach is technique for providing the direction and motivation to the
employees of the company. Leadership approaches is the key factors for the any company for
achieve the gals. Marks and Spencer company's leaders gives the motivation to the employees
which help them to reach the goal of the organization. And it is decided by the leadership
approaches. Marks and Spencer apply this leadership approaches on the company to motivate the
employee for the achieving the goal(Wylie, and et.al.,2017).
Situational Leadership: in this leadership approach the leaders of the company will use this for
the achieving the goal of the organization. This leadership use by the leader to develop the
employ as well the workplace for the company and bring out the best from the employees which
is beneficial for the company. Marks and Spencer use this leadership for improving the work for
the employee and also work for improving the work place which help the employee to give
outcome for the company. In the situational leadership this are the basic 3 phases.
 telling and Directing: in this phase leaders of the organization make decision about the
organization. And also discuss about the decision to the manger and supervisor. Leader
of marks and Spencer include the all authorized person in the decision making which help
to share the whole information to the employee in the company and It helps to involve
the all company to make the decision.
 selling and coaching: in this phase leader of the company will involve in the day by
day process which help the company to make the decision. In the last phase leader will

take less involvement with the employee and employee are take responsibility of the
work. and also leader involve with the employee at the time of the starring.
 Participating and Supporting:In this phase leader of the company will involve in the
day by day process which help the leader to make the decision. In the supporting phase
leader involve with the employee and make the responsibility of the work for the
employees. Leader of the marks and Spencer take part with the employees in the
responsibilities and after some it handover the responsibilities to the employee which
make them strong.
Leader of Marks and Spencer use the situational leadership to improve the business and also
improve the working ability of the employees.
Transaction Leadership: it is a type of leadership approach and in this approach work for
achieve the goal in the short time of period. Marks and Spencer dealing in the cloths, home
product and food products. So in this type of the business there are also short terms goals so the
Short terms goals for these marks and Spencer company will be sales of month, reducing the
customer complain and many more. So these types of short term goals are under Transaction
leadership approach. Transaction leadership involve some phases which are as follows
 Laissez-faire: In this the leader of the Marks and Spencer provides the employees a
healthy and friendly environment which help them to freely work for the company. where
the employees can work easily and they can take decision accordingly to the situation. In
this the leaders are responsible for taking decisions and risk but they are not at all
responsible for giving direction to the employees
 Contingent Rewards: In this the leaders of Marks and Spencer follows the SMART
techniques to achieve the goals of the business and this SMART techniques help the
company to achieve the goal in an efficient way. SMART means Specific, Measurable,
Attainable, Realistic and timely.
Path Goal theory: in this type of leadership approach theory the leader of the organization leads
the employee of the company according to their capability. it helps them to motivate the
employee of the task completing Marks and Spencer motivate their employees at very high level
which help them to improve the work of employee and also complete the work at the time and
more efficient way. it is important for such company to regularly motivate their employees. So
the employees of Marks and Spencer deals with work-stress easily and done the work with the

efficiency. Marks and Spencer also ensure to provide a healthy business to their employees so
they can easily deal with their work stress and it also helps the employees in motivation, growth
and many more. The Path Goal Theory deals with some styles.
 The Achievement: Goal achievement is the Solo focus of this leadership style, no matter
which method the employees choose or which path the employee walks. Finishing the
task provided is the main motive of this leadership styles. In case of Marks and Spencer
the company provide targets to sell their products in a particular time period. The
organizational structure of Marks and Spencer allow the employees to choose their own
paths.
M4
The supporting: In this style the main aim of the leader is to support the employees in every
possible aspect related to the work and business environment. In Marks and Spencer if the
employees are having any work related problem or having any issues with their fellow
employees, then it the job of the leader to resolve the problems faced by the employees and make
sure such problem doesn't arise in the future. This gives a Psychological support to the
employees.
Directive Style: In this style of leadership the leader direct the employees of the company to
work in proper way and also to follow some particular instructions. In Marks and Spencer the
leaders direct and help their employees to work and achieve their goals in less time.
CONCLUSION
From the report it can be concluded that after analysing the change and leading that
change will help Marks and Spencer grow. The study shows an comparison between M&S and
Burberry on the organizational strategies and operations(structure, technology, working hours,
training) and their impact on respective companies. The report shows the internal drivers
(improper communication, problem in organizational structure, resources, values and beliefs)
and external drivers (technological, political, government, competitors) that influence the
behaviour of individuals and team leaders in the company by using appropriate models. The
study further analyses that by motivating employees, giving them proper training and enhancing
their communication the company can reduce the negative impacts on organizational structure.
In the Study Continuously Improvement Model was used to minimize the negative impact of

changing barriers. Study will explain how different barriers to change such as poor
communication, employee involvement is less, less benefits given to employees and its adverse
impact on leaders decision-making by using Lewin force field analysis to evaluate the forces that
drive and resist and affect decision-making.

REFERENCES
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Wylie, F., and et.al.,2017. P-275 Inspiring leadership leading self: leading with others in a
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