Unit 16 - Operations & Project Management

Operations & Project
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1: Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles
within an organisational context..................................................................................................3
M1: Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation to Six
Sigma methodology and Lean principles.....................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2: Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context............................................................6
M2: Analyse the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories,
concepts or models.......................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 & M3:Apply each stage of the PLC to a given project...........................................................7
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P4: Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models................................................................................12
M4: Critically analyse the use of appropriate theories for large and small scale projects.........13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Operation management encompasses the process of overseeing, manufacturing and
controlling the business operation by making optimum use of resources with perspective to
accommodate customers requirement. It leads to better management of internal activities and
achieve quality standards (Anand and Gray, 2017). Project management endeavour the technique
to apply desirable knowledge, capability as well as skill to carry out project activities and attain
the requirement of overall project. To better understand the concept this report involves two
section within first part Bentley motors has been selected whose headquarter is in UK. It
manufacture as well market luxury cars as well as SUV in the global market. This part covers
topics like review as well as critique an effectiveness of operations management principles and
discuss continuous improvement plan in context to company. The other part is based on HS2
project which plans the project of high speed railway in UK. It include topics like preparation of
PLC and apply the techniques to ensure the quality and scope of project.
TASK 1
P1: Conduct a review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles
within an organisational context
Overview of Bentley motors
Bentley Motors is a British company which is a producer of luxury cars and SUVs and is
a subsidiary of Volkswagen group since the year 1998. It has its headquarters in Crewe, England
and offers a wide range of premium products which suit the requirements of its various
customers. It not only has its business in England but it has spread operations all over the world.
Operation vs Operation management
Operation: It include series of actions which are effective planned out in order to process
the functioning of business and gain desirable output (Andersen, 2016). The actions which are
incorporated within Bentley motors for better operations include planning, manufacturing and
distributing of luxury cars.
Operation Management: It is the part of management which is concerned to perform
systematic production as well as final delivery of offering. The manager of Bentley motors carry
out the activities like analysing as well as monitoring task properly.

Operation Operation management
The employees of an organisation are
responsible to perform routine operations
systematically.
Manager conduct operations management that help
to successfully direct and transform the input into
output by using desirable equipment or
technology.
It comprises the set of different activities
which are performed through specialisation
of worker and staff.
Actions are overviewed, monitored and controlled
to enhance the efficiency.
Implementation of operation management principles within Bentley motors
The operation management principles are performed by operation manager to carry out
better production activities. Certain principles in context to Bentley motors are stated below:
Organisation principle: All the elements associated with manufacturing needs to be
predicted as well as consistently managed in advance to achieve the desirable amount of
profitability (Operations Management: Definition, Principles and Strategies, 2019). This
principle can assist Bentley motors to achieve suitable output and gain preferable amount of
productivity.
Reality: Based on this principle the role of operation manager is top emphasize on
problem as Bentley motors function in changing environment where there is no universal
solution or technique to deals with various problems.
M1: Review and critique the implementation of operations management in relation to Six Sigma
methodology and Lean principles
Operation management refer to the effective administration of internal business practices
by using favourable techniques in order to maximize the efficiency level. This is the useful
function on the basis of which manager attempts to carry out smooth business activities in
effective manner (Banihashemi and et.al., 2017). The manager of Bentley motors maximises
their profitability by bring modification in their luxury car for the convenience of buyer. Better
operation management techniques is used to effectively plan out management of resources as
well as labours in order to attain future objective. Systematic presentation of operational
activities by top executives leads to better allocation of responsibilities to generate high

profitability ratio. Explanation of certain principles for better flow of activities are determined
below:
Lean principles: It involves the cycle that help an organisation to continuous improve its
operations and bring transformation in the process of carrying out activities. Application of Lean
principles within Bentley motors comprises of different principles which helps to improve the
overall efficiency within workplace.
Identify value: Here the manager determine the customer value which means the amount
customer find worthy to pay for particular product. The manager of Bentley motors discover the
needs of customer through survey, web analytics and gaining demographic information to better
deliver the luxury cars.
Mapping value stream: Once the needs of customer is examined by Bentley motors then they
map out activities to cover customer's requirement. Along with that activities that does not offer
desirable result are valued and removed out while carrying out business activities.
Create flow: Once unproductive activities or wastage are removed out from the operations then
remaining actions are performed to create smooth flow without any delay and interruptions.
This principle is useful for Bentley motors in order to eliminate the chances of higher wastage
and leads better output.
Establish pull: The objective of this principle is to reduce the wastage of inventory and carry
out smooth work in process by gaining prerequisite information from market like demand of
customer which act as a pull factor (Fahimnia and et.al., 2019). This helps Bentley motors to
reduce the chances of wastage.
Pursue perfection for future improvement: There is always a scope of imnporvememnt so the
manager of Bentley motors constantly gain feedback from customer and use innovation to bring
out further improvements.
Six Sigma: This is again an essential principle that promote organisations to bring further
improvement in their offerings for systematic business processes. Within Bentley motors the
manager bring desirable modification within existing strategies to gain future growth and
developments. This enhances the efficiently to produce desirable output.

TASK 2
P2: Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of operations
management principles within an organisational context
Continuous improvement plan is concerned with identifying new techniques as well as
ways to deal with particular problem. This is Japanese concept that is based to constantly
improve the working pattern by providing training to employees in order to update their existing
knowledge. Such improvement helps in preparing competitive team that effectively coordinate
their efforts to attain the benchmark or predetermined standard. In context to the managers of
Bentley motors concerned to retain the favourable image by establishing favourable image of
company in market (Hazen and et.al., 2018). This also helps to wide out competitive pressure
and leads to perform sustainable performance. Thus, it involve PDCA plan which is
implemented by Bentley motors to overcome negative aspects and formulate desirable plan top
attain future objective.
Plan Do Action Check
Enhance
Quality
Before launching new
design with additional
attributes the manager of
Bentley motors needs to
analyse the quality of its
product so that future
perspective in terms of
growth and development
can be attained.
To serve supreme quality
of product in market the
manager of Bentley
motors can use certain
technique and principles
of operation management
like Total quality
management to actually
determine where product
meets quality standard.
The manager can simply
compare existing standard
with actual standard
based on which analyses
is made whether quality is
attained effectively (Hitt,
Xu and Carnes, 2016).
Increase
market
awareness
Within this stage the
company determine
different promotional
options which can be opt
to expand market
awarenesses about
Different promotion tools
are used to cover wide
market like website, use
of social media,
magazines, SEO.
Here the manager of
Bentley motors determine
whether different
promotional technique are
suitable enough to cover
wide operations. This is

innovation determined on the basis of
customer's response.
Recommendations
 To maximise the profitability Bentley motors needs to mitigate unnecessary cost or
expenditure for which lean principle should be applied (Lindhard and Larsen, 2016). This
help to enhance the productivity and promote favourable changes by meeting the
expectation of customer and offer favourable value.
 Along with that to maintain renowned position in terms of luxury cars and SUV Bentley
motors should continuously develop their product. For this PDCA plan is applied to
examine or check the quality of brand and conduct operations to meet predetermined
standard effectively.
M2: Analyse the effectiveness of a continuous improvement plan using appropriate theories,
concepts or models.
It is effective for the successful organization to continuously enhance the functional area
of business by promoting sustainable changes in order to gain long term competitive advantage
(Mesa, Molenaar and Alarcón, 2016). The internal manager of Bentley motors works to gain
sustainability performance by promoting modifications in the existing processes of company.
Therefore, involvement of PDCA plan systematically encourage the firm to effectively execute
business activities and maintain the quality of offering.
TASK 3
P3 & M3:Apply each stage of the PLC to a given project
Overview of case study: HS2 project is mainly designed to carry out transportation of
high speed railway within UK. This project is based on innovation as it depends upon the
advance technology which helps to reduce the carbon footprint on economy. The purpose is to
strengthen network and carry out sustainable performance in order to preserve the external
environment and interest of society. Due to wide structure it has capacity and spacious interior it
has capacity to carry wide people and avoid the chances of congestion.
Project plan
Project life cycle: To carry out specific project it is the responsibility of managers to use
project life cycle in order to successfully perform activities. Within this project the Junior project

manager is appointed by Camden Council in order to prepare plan for HS2 project. Explanation
of different project life cycle are discussed below:
Initiation: Within this stage the employees as well as manager commences new idea
within the firm through group discussion or brainstorming method. The new programme is
completely based on advance techniques that is derived by conducting deep market research
and gaining desirable information from market. In context to HS2 project the manager evaluate
market situation determine untapped opportunity as well as challenges in order to promote
sustainable performance.
Planning: Within planning stage project manager is responsible to predetermine the
activities or actions to be performed by internal staff. This gives direction and guidance to
overall staff to exhibit the suitable method in order to attain the objective (Pinto and Winch,
2016). Effective plans needs to be designed for HS2 railway track on the basis of market
information and wide discussion. After that the plan is presented to the top project manager
which finally gives approval or ask to make certain amendments. Thus, all the activities are
determined in favour of an organisation.
Execution: It involve the process of implementation where all the predetermined plan as
well as decision are implemented in favour of company. Usually the project manager supervise
the activities and make sure the project is practically carried out without any error. In relation
with HS2 project the manager constantly monitor as well as control the activities with the
purpose to attain feasible result. Along with that communication takes an essential role in terms
of delegation of responsibility. Certain principles like Six sigma is applied to improve quality of
overall work.
Gantt chart

Work breakdown structure: The Work Breakdown Structure is essential for the

managers to generate plan through deliverable the detail project scope (Prevot and et.al., 2016) .
The work breakdown project is a key to organise the team work into managerial sections for the
division of work. Element of it's are product, data, service, etc. It also provides the necessary
details for cost estimating and control for schedule development .
Closure: Closure is considered as final stage of PLC that examine the result of whole
strategy applied by company in favour of HS2 project. The manager based on this determine that
whether they were able to attain the standard performance. If the result is in favour of company
then the performance is maintained otherwise correction measures are taken to upgrade the
performance of company. Application of autocratic leadership style can help company to attain
predetermined result efficiently.
Business plan: The business plan is referred as a written document describing the
organisation behaviour and management with the projected profit and loss statement. The 7 steps
for perfectly written Business Plan are as follows – research, determine the purpose of plan,
create company profile, document all aspects of business, strategic marketing plan in place, make
adaptable audience, explain the reason of care.
Overview of the company HS2 represent High speed 2 which is the innovation and has
high speed network that cover the geographical region of
United Kingdom. This project highly understand the issue of
climate change due to which its functioning is completely
based on innovation in terms to reduce carbon emission. Long
with that it eradicate overcrowding issue to promote
convenience for local residence.
Vision The vision of HS2 is to spread awareness about its high speed
transportation technology and carry out its operation smoothly

by gaining desirable amount of profitability (Saucedo-
Martínez and et.al., 2018).
Mission The mission of company is to maintain goodwill by adopting
appropriate CSR strategy and establish effective image
amongst society.
Strategic objective HS2 project is based on strategic objective to maximise the
overall probability margin for innovation by 15% within one
year.
Strategy To carry out better functioning HS2 project set out significant
strategies like TQM and lean production method to enhance
the firm's profitably by constantly improving the operation
and reduce the chance of human error.
Budget For systematic programming budgets are prepared in advance
based on which firm accordingly carry out expenditure on
diverse activities. This help HS2 company to effectively
process organisational activities.
Particular Amount
Cost of designing program 12000
Remuneration to employees and
worker
8000
Purchase of raw material 2500
Miscellaneous expenditure 1750
Total budget 24250
Based on budget it is determined that Bentley company need
to make the expenditure of 24250 in order to effectively
accomplish whole project.
Follow Up Budget and strategies needs to be effectively inculcated and

followed up by internal staff as it help to minimise the
chances of variation in terms to perform internal activities.
TASK 4
P4: Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application to the chosen project using
appropriate theories, concepts and models
Waterfall model is used to perform the activities which is used by HS2 for effective
completion of this project (Shenoy, 2018). In this task are responsible for constant flow of design
of project in a proper manner.
Different phases Activities performed
Requirement
analysis
In the present stage the manager of HS2 company has to determine the
necessary requirement of the company in terms of knowledge and skills,
resources effectively in the well define manner. Apart from this company
can able to increase the profitability and productivity of firm. Company
must follow all the method to minimize the carbon emission present in the
organisation.
Design It is essential to have proper design which is developed in the organisation
which are concerned duration for that HS2. There must be efficient
techniques and method should be used as to reduce the waste for the
company.
Implementation Once the requirement is analysed and the design is prepared the company
thus plan should be implemented in well define manner. The manager of
HS2 must focus on efficient method to improvise plan which help in
achieving desire outcomes.
Verification and
Maintenance
After the implementation there is a next step which help achieving desire
aims and objectives effectively. The organisation must hire experts and
well skilled employees for maintenance. It is prime duty of the manager
of the company to look and track the activities as make changes in project
for verification process.

Hence, waterfall model is the best method which help in providing effective resources
and take initiative to achieve desire aims and objectives in a timely manner. This promote the
overall quality in demonstrating the activities of whole project. Further, application of other
concepts like measurement of effectiveness acts as a desirable procedure which modify terh
activities of different organisation such as small business entity to produce desirable amount of
output.
M4: Critically analyse the use of appropriate theories for large and small scale projects
METHODOLOGIES SMALL-SCALE
PROJECTS
LARGE-SCALE
PROJECTS
Six Sigma This is the small-scale project
which mainly focus on the six
sigma as to improve the
efficiency and productivity of
the company. Along with this
it help to bring down the cost
to expand the business at
larger scale.
In the case of large scale it aid
to handle large operation in
order to boost the sales and
profitability of the company
(Tupa, Simota and Steiner,
2017).
Lean Principles This method is liable for the
company for small scale to
reduce unnecessary expense
for business.
For the large company there
are different kind of factor
which are used such as funds
to carry forward the activities.
So lean management aid to
maintain cost effectively for
longer time duration.
CONCLUSION
Based on the report it has been determined that operation and project management are
desirable aspect that is carried out by an organisation to enhance the overall productivity as well
as profitability. Application of specific operation management principles like continuous
improvement and lean production method shape the internal operation and help firm to gain

competitive advantage over other rivalries. Successfully organisation continuously bring out the
innovation and structure the operation. Moreover, there are various project management stages
which commences with initiation and goes till closure all the stages work to bring out favourable
result. Therefore, project manager articulate the planning and monitoring activities with the
objective to gain sustainable performance.

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Anand, G. and Gray, J. V., 2017. Strategy and organization research in operations management.
Journal of Operations Management. 53. pp.1-8.
Andersen, E. S., 2016. Do project managers have different perspectives on project management?.
International Journal of Project Management. 34(1). pp.58-65.
Banihashemi, S. and et.al., 2017. Critical success factors (CSFs) for integration of sustainability
into construction project management practices in developing countries. International
Journal of Project Management. 35(6). pp.1103-1119.
Fahimnia, B. and et.al., 2019. Behavioral operations and supply chain management–a review and
literature mapping. Decision Sciences. 50(6). pp.1127-1183.
Hazen, B. T. and et.al., 2018. Back in business: Operations research in support of big data
analytics for operations and supply chain management. Annals of Operations Research.
270(1-2). pp.201-211.
Hitt, M. A., Xu, K. and Carnes, C. M., 2016. Resource based theory in operations management
research. Journal of Operations Management. 41. pp.77-94.
Lindhard, S. and Larsen, J. K., 2016. Identifying the key process factors affecting project
performance. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management.
Mesa, H. A., Molenaar, K. R. and Alarcón, L. F., 2016. Exploring performance of the integrated
project delivery process on complex building projects. International Journal of Project
Management. 34(7). pp.1089-1101.
Pinto, J. K. and Winch, G., 2016. The unsettling of “settled science:” The past and future of the
management of projects. International Journal of Project Management. 34(2). pp.237-
245.
Prevot, T. and et.al., 2016. UAS traffic management (UTM) concept of operations to safely
enable low altitude flight operations. In 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration,
and Operations Conference. (p. 3292).
Saucedo-Martínez, J. A., and et.al., 2018. Industry 4.0 framework for management and
operations: a review. Journal of ambient intelligence and humanized computing. 9(3).
pp.789-801.
Shenoy, R., 2018, November. What's the Difference Between Lean Construction and an
Operations Science Approach to Project Delivery?. In Abu Dhabi International
Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers.
Tupa, J., Simota, J. and Steiner, F., 2017. Aspects of risk management implementation for
Industry 4.0. Procedia Manufacturing. 11. pp.1223-1230.
Online
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