The assignment delves into the strategies and techniques of leadership and management that contribute to creating a positive and healthy work environment within organizations. It examines diverse approaches to cultivate a supportive and productive atmosphere for employees.
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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATION
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3 P1.Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager....3 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4 P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts..................................................................................................4 P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, Systems leadership and contingency....................................................................................................5 TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7 P4Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play.........................................................................................................................7 P5 Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives................................................................................................................................8 TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9 P6Assessthefactorswithinthebusinessenvironmentthatimpactuponoperational management and decision-making by Leaders and managers...............................................9 CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10 REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION Management is the systematic process in which manage all actives those are related to the organization, in this process has various activities are included like managing, organising, staffing, directing and controlling of the companies actives. All activities are controlling by the human resource department of the company and they can take any important decision related to the companies situation (Arnason, 2009). Operations means all activities those are happing in the company like production of goods. Packaging, placing, of products to the customers or the clients to give proper satisfaction to them for those products. So its require to manage all these actives in the company. TASK 1 P1.Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a leader and a manager. In an organisation both the leader and the manager plays an important role. The leader is the one who motivates everyone to work towards achieving the goal of the organisation. For any company it is important to have good leaders sothat all work in a carried out in a systematic manner and there is no confusion with what isthe ultimate goal of the organisation and that of the individual. On the other hand managers are those who manage the activities of the organisation (Baldwin, Allen, and Ridgway, 2010). They see that weather every work is carried out in a smooth manner or not and he has a group of people who reports him. There are different types of mangers characterised undernature of work done by them. Some of the mangers are line manager, project manager staff manger etc. They are more responsible for the operational activities. The managers and leader do almost the same work but they are different from each other.Leaderworkstowardsbringingchangeintheorganisationwhereasthemangers implement their work on the change brought by the leaders in the organisation . Employees are the one who listen to the mangers and take orders as a duty. In the case of leaders they have the flowers. Employees follow their leaders with their own choice (Bendoly, Donohue, and Schultz, 2006). Mangers are more analytical and take the important decisions whereas the leaders work towards completion of the task given by the mangers. In an organisation mangers use the proper communication channel to interact with the employees and the leader persuade others to follow. Groups are created by the mangersdepending upon the nature of work allotted to different departments and the leader create a common team of different individuals who work towards
achieving a common goal. Mangers as appointed after checking out their ability to work at the given post consider themselves as hero's and leader try to make every member of its team a hero in his field by giving positive motivation top the employees. In the organisation mangers like to take the credit of the work done by them in order to get recognition whereas the role of a manger is to take responsibility of its team and get work done through them (De Neufville, and at. el.,2013). The manger of different departments are focused towards their individual goals but the leaders are the focus with the team members and encourage each of them to work towards achieving that goal. Mangers are more powerful in the organisation as they are the decision takers therefore they exercise domination on their employees where as the power of the leader is distributed among his team members. More the team is focused and follow the team leader more powerful the leader is. A good leader is characterised as one who has motivating powers, patience,ability to speak for others and has positive attitude. TASK 2 P2Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in different situational contexts. Role of leader during the time of motivation: In the organisation employer need to motivate their employees to increase the productivity. There are different roles which play by leaders when they motivate their employees, these are mentioned as below: Combine work goals with employee goals: As a leader, he or she has to motivate employees through connect their goals with their work. For this it required both proper planning and communication. If they do not complete or do their task properly then they are not able to meet the requirements (Grunig, 2013). Understand what motivates each employees: A good leader perfectly understand that what motivate the employees. In organisation some of employee motivate through money and some get motivate through commendations. Role of leader during the time of crisis: Crisis are uncertain, unplanned and unexpected that is unstable. Through this there will be create major disruption in the organisation. There are some roles of leaders which are mentioned below: One should be alert at the workplace: A good leader is always active and also alert their employees if leader feel some negative consequences (Kuruppuarachchi and Perera, 2010).
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Planning is essential to avoid emergency situation: A good leader is always take right and quick decisions and every employees are already informed about that. The leader should interact with the employees more often: Every good leader always there for employees in every situations. In the organisation, necessary training should be given to the employees. Function of manager in different situational context: There are five functions which is necessary to perform by manager in the organisation, these are mentioned as below: Planning: It is the first and basic step which is necessary for any organisation either big or small. Every organisation need planning how to do their task which is to be performed in the organisation. Manager create a blueprint to guide employees about the task (Russell,and Taylor- Iii,2008). Example: if there is a new project which an organisation is going to be introduced need a proper planning for that. Organising: It is the second function which is performed by manager. In this manager has to be assure that everything which is planned is going systematic or not. If everything is not going according to the plan then manager has to look what issues are arise and resolve them. Staffing: It means divide people into teams and allot them task which they have to perform in teams. In every team there will be a team leader, if any issues arise in the team then team members can say about the issues to their respective leader and then leader covey that to manager. Directing: It is the main duty of the manager to direct the employees in every situations. Manager guide their employees how they do their work. It helps to motivate, and if employee need training then manager can provide proper training to them. Controlling: In this function, manager gave to assure that everything that is doing by employees are in under control. Budge, resources are properly in control or not (Souer, Honders, and Brinkkemper,2008). P3Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, Systems leadership and contingency. Management theories are implemented in the company those are help to increase productivity and services quality. In many organization has use various type of management theories and approaches those are help to build a effective image in the market and also compete the competitors. Not many mangers are use single theory and approach for the company all
company's managers wants to increase productivity and help to provide good quality of products. There are some theories are commonly use a combination of numbers of various typesof theories like contingency theory, system theory, theory X and Y these are help to achieve targets and objectives (Tang,and Musa, 2011). Contingency theory:In this theory managers take decisions based on the situation and circumstances in the company. And its help to take better and important solution to the department. Manger of M&S company has to take appropriate actions based on the important to the company and the situation, managers in company may want to proper utilise a leadership approaches that include participation from employees. System theory:M&S company's mangers wants to understand which type of system is appropriate for the company and which type of work should also appropriate for the company because the working system affect the company in positive way and also negative way so that's why have to be identify the working system for the company it should be pre planned. System theory through increase the productivity and working skills of employees. System of the working in the organization is play an important role in the company there has many type of theories and systems those are applying in the company by the mangers for increases efficiency of working. But it is not require to all the systems all useful and applicable on the company. So, that's why has to be identify which one system is useful for the companies future and also has to be define role and objectives of the company (Van Mieghem, and Allon, 2008). Situational leadership theory:Situational leadership theory is a theory of leadership that help to maintain company's employees and for manage the situations by the leaders those are made by the companies mangers. Its help to manage situations by the leaders and they give proper instruction to the followers, all leaders has various type of skills and abilities those are help to be manage situation and achieve decide task and goals (Walker, Di Sisto, and McBain, 2008). All these theories are help to take appropriate decisions by the managers for the company and if these theories are applied in the company so easy to increase productivity and efficiency. In management has many type of theories are available but it should be applicable according to the companies environment and system. Its require to identify which on theory is useful and applicable in the company, its identify by the mangers because its hard to identify and choose of
the theory. These theories are represent the which one situations how to be handle in the company. TASK 3 P4Explain the key approaches to operations management and the role that leaders and managers play. Operation management means by using available resources convert them into desired goods and services and increase the profits. It means maintain the balance between cost and revenue to attain the maximum operating profit(Arnason,2009).Keyapproachestooperationsmanagement:It includes- Customer care Just – in – time Kaizen Total quality management The task which is given to employee is compare of these concepts. The work whichisdonebyemployeeshould clearandeasily understandableand related to each others, it will help theorganisationto achieve success. These four concepts which is mentioned above is related to the operations management. In easy terms, operations management means conversion of inputsintooutputs.Operationmanagementisdoineachandevery organisationsbecauseeveryorganisationisengagedinthefunctionof producing goods and services. Customer service means every organisation has to provide best services to their customers. Services which are given by employer of his products and services are before sales and after sales. Customer care is very integral part foranyorganisationanditalsohelpstoachieveapprovalofcustomer. Every organisation should not only has to focus only on quality and quantity of the product, they also need to focus on customer services (Baldwin, Allen, and Ridgway, 2010).
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Kaizen, it is a word which is related to Japanese language and it means every organisation has to improve continuously on their activities which is related to business as well as manufacturing also. Its main to destruct waste and improve or maintain the standardisation of their products and services. Elements which is included in Kaizen are quality of goods and services, effortswhichismadebybothemployerandemployee,involvementof employees, communication. Just – in – time approach is developed by Japanese companies. Its main objective is to maintain the proper time between when customer give their order and when they pay in cash for that product. In this everything is depend on the want and need of customer. Totalqualitymanagementmeansmanagementandemployeeofthe organisationhas to give best or try best to maintain the satisfaction and loyalty of customers for goods and products. They have to maintain the quality of the product and services to retain their customers for long term (Bendoly, Donohue and Schultz, 2006). RoleofManagerandleaderinoperationsmanagement:Theseare mentioned as below- To maintain and improve the quality and quantity of their products and services. They maintain the communication with their employees. If any department or employees of the organisation need training then provide them properly. They also need to ensure that proper utilization of resources is done or not. P5Explain the importance and value of operations management in achieving business objectives. Operationmanagementisveryimportantforeachandeverytypeof organisation to achieve the success. Earlier, some organisation thinks that it is not very important part but now they all know the importance of it.
Evenfirmsalsorealizedthatproperoperationmanagementishelpsto compete the other firms in the market. Operations which is done in the organisation must be effective and efficient. If organisation wants to manage the operations carefully then they must need to follow the process. If organisation follow the process and it helps to reduce the cost of the product and services and also work will complete in the given time period. Innovation and creativity also helps to achieve the business objectives. Only innovation is not necessary to take competitive advantage, creativity is also necessary for that. Creativity means how employee use the existing process by using new technology, how they use the resources to create new or more products. M and S limited is also known for continuous improvement of their product and services by innovative and creative manner (De Neufville and at. el., 2013). Research and development is also the part of operations management. It also helps to achieve business activities. It focus on how company develop their products and services to fulfil the need and want of customers and competethecompetitors.Operationsaredoneineachandevery departmentsuchasfinance,marketing,humanresource,production. Companyhastomaintainthecostoftheproducttocompetethe competitors and also need to do forecasting about costs like variable, fixed andoverheadwhichisrelatedwiththeproduction.Thisisalldoneby department which is called Finance department. If there is in the organisation need of some more employee or worker then the department of Human Resource will help to complete this requirements. Theyhirepeoplewhohavesuitedskills,knowledgeandabilitieswhich compete the requirement and helps to achieve the organisational objectives. Employee has to complete the given project under the given budget by using machines, land, labour. To attain the business objectives employee has to use all the resources properly and follow the given process to reduce the cost and increase the
profits. There is always a set process of operations in the organisation but it is also depend on the field and can be altered according to the demand. They have to work according to the wants and needs of the customers to provide them satisfaction because customer service is very important for anyorganisationtoachievethesuccess(Kuruppuarachchi,and Perera,2010). TASK 4 P6Assessthefactorswithinthebusinessenvironmentthatimpactupon operationalmanagementanddecision-makingbyLeadersand managers. Factorswithinthebusinessenvironmentthatimpactuponoperational management: The internal factors that impact on success of organisation andoperationalactivities.Internalenvironmentaffectsthebusiness internally and employee has to convert the threats into opportunities to achieve success. There are some factors which affect the business internally are mentioned as below: Strength of the employees: It is very important internal factor for an organisation to achieve the success. Employees who are working for the organisation, if they are highly motivated, more talented and also do their work with full potential then they will give better results to the organisation comparison to others who are less talented. Some of employee don't do theirworkindividuallybutwhentheyworkinateamtheygivebetter results to the organisation. Factors which are affect internally, can affect the organisation's objectives (Russell, R and Taylor-Iii, B 2008). Organisational and operational: They both are included in the procedure which is related to administration. If these factors are not organized and accurate then it may affect the whole procedure which is related to supply chain.
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Innovation: Every business or organisation need innovation to compete their competitors. If there is innovation within the organisation then the growth of organisation is not possible. It will bring boringness, dullness within the organisation. Employee risk: Employees are very important part for success of every organisation. But it can also be risky if they go on strike, lockouts, pen down etc. Decision – making by leaders and managers for operations management: In M and S limited there is certain decisions which is taken by leaders and managers for operations management, there are mentioned as below- Strategic decisions:It is very major part for an organisation to achieve the set goals and objectives. They impact long term and involve all the policiesandprocedureswhichhastobefollow(Walker,DiSisto,and McBain, 2008). Strategic decisions are taken by top level of management because it requires more skills and capabilities. Tactical decision: They are totally related to strategic decision that how it can be implemented. In this all the decisions are taken by middle level management.Itincludesalldistributionchannel,workflowstructure, materials, money etc. Operational decisions: It is the work of lower level of management. It is related with day to day operations of the organisation. It is done for short termbasisbecauseitisrelatedtodailybasis.Inthisthereisno requirement of any judgement. CONCLUSION From the above report it can be concluded that M&S Ltd. Can increase the efficiency and profitability of the organisation by establishing good leadership quality in the organisation. If the company has good leader than the whole organisation can move together towards common goal. There are various techniques of leadership and management through which healthy environment can be developed in the organisation.
REFERENCES Books and Journals Arnason,R.,2009.Fisheriesmanagementandoperationsresearch.EuropeanJournalof Operational Research.193(3). pp.741-751. Baldwin, J.S., Allen, P.M. and Ridgway, K., 2010. An evolutionary complex systems decision- support tool for the management of operations.International Journal of Operations & Production Management.30(7). pp.700-720. Bendoly, E., Donohue, K. and Schultz, K.L., 2006. Behavior in operations management: Assessingrecentfindingsandrevisitingoldassumptions.Journalofoperations management.24(6). pp.737-752. De Neufville, R., and at. el., 2013.Airport systems: planning, design and management. Grunig, J.E., 2013.Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Kuruppuarachchi, D. and Perera, H.S.C., 2010. Impact of TQM and technology management on operations performance.IUP Journal of Operations Management.9(3). p.23. Russell, R.S. and Taylor-Iii, B.W., 2008.Operations management along the supply chain. John Wiley & Sons. Souer, J., Honders, P., Versendaal, J. and Brinkkemper, S., 2008. A Framework for Web Content Management System Operations and Maintenance.JDIM.6(4). pp.342-347. Tang, O. and Musa, S.N., 2011. Identifying risk issues and research advancements in supply chain risk management.International journal of production economics.133(1). pp.25- 34. Van Mieghem, J.A. and Allon, G., 2008.Operations strategy. Belmont, MA: Dynamic Ideas. Walker, H., Di Sisto, L. and McBain, D., 2008. Drivers and barriers to environmental supply chain management practices: Lessons from the public and private sectors.Journal of purchasing and supply management.14(1). pp.69-85. Online Difference between Operations Managers and General Managers, 2006. [Online]. Available through:<http://www.operationsmanager.com/operations-manager-roles-in-the- company/difference-between-operations-managers-and-general-managers/>.[Accessed on 11thApril 2017]. OperationsandSupplyChainManagement,2014.[Online].Available through:<http://www.bit.vt.edu/academics/osm_index.html>.[Accessedon11thApril 2017].