Leadership and Management in Healthcare

The provided assignment content consists of various academic articles, book excerpts, and conference proceedings related to leadership and management. The papers explore topics such as leading teams, change, stakeholder engagement, joint working between health and social care services, organization sector, multicultural teams, and systemic dialogue. Key findings include the importance of engaging stakeholders in leading change, promoting collaborative working environments, and understanding factors that influence team performance. Overall, the content suggests that effective leadership requires a deep understanding of organizational culture, people, and strategy.

Working with and
leading people
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Preparation of job description along with documentation of recruitment and selection
procedure......................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Assessing the impact of legislation and ethical consideration that needs to be considered in
recruitment and selection process................................................................................................4
1.4 Evaluation the role of HR manager in the selection process................................................6
TASK2.............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Explanation of required skills and attributes for leadership..................................................7
2.2 Explain the difference between leader ship and management...............................................7
2.3 Different leadership style to be used at different situation....................................................9
2.4 Explanation of different techniques of motivation..............................................................10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
3.2 Demonstrate working in a team as leader and member towards specific goal in order to
dealing with conflict or difficult situation.................................................................................12
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................13
4.1 Explaining the factors that are involves in planning the monitoring and assessment of work
performance...............................................................................................................................13
4.2 Assessment of personal development needs of an individual..............................................14
4.3 Evaluation the success of assessment process.....................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
...................................................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
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INTRODUCTION
Human resource management is one of the most integral part of an organization. Human
resource department perform various functions like recruitment, selection and training for new
candidates. Various functions includes several process and practices for selecting various
employees in an organization. Human resource management used set of formal processes in
order to manage people in an organization. Present report is based on Working with and leading
people; British airways case study taken in to consideration. Where airline industry organize fair
recruitment and selection procedure in order to get every one candidate have equal chance to
participate in selection procedure. Working with leading people provides opportunities to share
their views with team members. Management and leadership is different from each other where
leaders have an specific skills to influence and motivate their team members towards shared
goal. Team building is an important tool for the success of any organization. Human resource
management also engage performance appraisal system to evaluate the performance of all
employees at regular interval. After the performance appraisal process rewards and awards are
are to be given according to their performance and training program is also organize for those
employees whose performance is not well.
TASK 1
1.1 Preparation of job description along with documentation of recruitment and selection
procedure
Hiring and retention efficiency in an organization can be achieve through high level of
competency and compliance in recruitment and selection procedure. Airline industry considers
several stages for recruitment and selection procedure.
Identification of vacancies in an organization with respect to their needs- Recruitment
and selection procedure provides the opportunity to an organization in order to align staff skill
sets to initiatives and goals. Job analysis program to be conduct for identifying the core
competency which are to be required in future time period (Cameron, Lart, Bostock, and
Coomber, 2014).
Develop position description- A position description is the function of successful
recruitment process. It develops and frame interview questions, interview evaluation and
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reference check questions. It describes the duties and responsibilities of a crew member in airline
industry.
Develops the recruitment plan- Recruitment plan are prepare by the top level of
management in an organization. Recruitment plan are carefully structured by the management
team for mapping out the strategy in which that attracts and hires the best qualified candidate.
Recruitment plan contains Posting period, placement goal, advertising resources and diversity
agencies helps in to recruit right person at right job at right time.
Select search committee- It is the group of hiring committee where applicants are
selected for interview and final consideration are evaluated by more than one individual in order
to minimize personal biasses. Under this group women as a HR manager have equal opportunity
in taking participation in search committee. Hiring manager determines the size and composition
of committee based on the nature of position. arch committee members are ensure that they are
well equipped for the role in recruitment process in order to promote fairness and compliance.
Post position and implement recruitment plan- If once the description of position are
completed, it can not be possible to change elements of a position because it makes the imapct on
application pool.
Review applicants and develop short list- At least two committee members review all
applicants in a recruitment process, they access their qualification and competency level for
doing any task. Phone screen process any be conducted to obtain information such as salary
requirement, special position requirement etc (Kelly, and Clark, 2014).
Conduct interview- It is the final and one of the most important process of interview, in
this employer and perspective employee to learn more about each other and to ensure that which
one candidates is eligible or not.
Select hire and finalize recruitment in order to get efficient employees for the success of
an organization.
1.2 Assessing the impact of legislation and ethical consideration that needs to be considered in
recruitment and selection process
Some strict rules and regulations regarding to recruitment and selection are set up by the
government (Hosking, 2015). Wages act is used for fair remuneration program when all the
employees are at same level and gives same wages to all employees. Employees can file
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complaint against the employer if they faces such kind of discrimination in selection and
recruitment process. Government also makes laws against other type of discrimination in society
and in organization like race, religion, age and sex. All the employees always be treated equal in
selection and recruitment and selection procedure by giving equal opportunity to every
candidate. In today's scenario discrimination becomes one of the major issue in companies. After
the globalization airlines companies hires the candidates from different nation, it creates
diversity in entire organization so that all the panel members in the selection process needs to be
neutral and open minded to accept the challenges from diversified demographic region in order
to improve their service quality. governmental rules and regulations becomes the essentials part
in any organization during the recruitment and selection process.
1.3 Selection stages and processes which one is used by the airline industry
Selection process main aim to choose right person at right job at right time. Every
organization uses several methods are steps in selection process. Recruitment is considered as
positive process while selection is considered as negative process because inappropriate
candidates are rejected here. Selection process choose the best candidate with best abilities,skills
and knowledge for the required job. Employee selection process includes following steps-
Preliminary interview- This step is used to eliminate those candidates who doesn't meet
the minimum eligibility criteria. Preliminary interview examines the skills, academic and family
background, interest and competencies during the interview. That type of interview are less
structured and formalised than final interview. It is also called as screening and eligibility
interview.
Application form- Application form are fill up by those candidates who have been
cleared the preliminary interview. It contains the candidate relevant data such as age,
qualification, reasons for living job and experience this section are fill up by the experience
person.
Written test- Various written test and taken by the airline industry during the selection
procedure, it contains aptitude test, intelligence test, reasoning and personality test. All these test
are necessary in Airline industry. These test are to be organize for the purpose of assessing the
candidate potential, it is bias free test.
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Employment interview- It is face to face interaction between the interviewer and the
potential candidate. That type of interview consumes time and money it can organize inside an
organization or outside the organization. It used for finding out the best suited candidate for the
required job. That type interview may be biasses. It is structured and formal in order to evaluate
all the information regarding to candidate.
Medical examination- It is one of the prime test in an airline industry. Medical test are
conducted to check the physical fitness of of potential candidates.
Appointment letter- Reference check is carried out after the selection procedure then give
the formal appointment letter.
1.4 Evaluation the role of HR manager in the selection process
The selection manger plays a vital role in the selection process. They plays an active role
in organizing the interview. Selection and recruitment process needs to be fair and ethical. I as an
HR manger keep the following points during the selection procedure.
Diverse workforce- Diversified workforce shows the equal proportion of male and female
in an airline industry. It promotes the backward and rural candidates in order to give equal
opportunities according to their qualification criteria.
Reduction of discrimination in selection process- All the candidates are equally treated
during and after the selection process. They all are judge at the same platform. Candidates
always be selected on the basis of merit not on the basis of race, religion and their demographic
region.
Equity principles are to be adopted in the recruitment and selection procedure. Strict rules
and regulations are to be implement and taken in to consideration when any one candidate feel
guilt by any kind of unethical practices.
Due to the diversified workforce it will help in to identify the best available resources and
optimum cost. In airline industry technical test are essential element during the selection
procedure. As a crew member they have an ability to handle any kind situation at the best level,
with high competency.
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TASK2
2.1 Explanation of required skills and attributes for leadership
Leadership is an important function of management which helps in to maximize
efficiency in order to achieve organizational goal efficiently. Leadership as an individual
capacity to influence, direct and motivates other people in order to gain share objective.
Good communication skill- Communication skill of a leader needs to be excellent.
Leaders have an ability to listen their subordinates problem and try to solve their problems.
Initiative- Leader is a person who starts the work and communicates all policies and plans
to their team member.
Motivator- He\She motivates the employees with economic and non- economic rewards
to get effective work from their subordinates. Leaders always motivates the low performer in
order to develop their skill set that helps in to achieve future goal.
Good decision making skills- Leaders in an airline industry have a good decision making
ability. Every leader have problem solving and analytical skills to take quick decisions.
Provide guidance - A leader not only supervise but also guide their subordinates in a
way they can perform their work effectively and efficiently.
Creating confidence- Confidence is an important factor which can achieved through the
proper allocation of work and responsibility in order to make greater effort in their work and
provides guidelines to achieve goal effectively.
Building morale- Morale shows the willingness to cooperate all employees in order to
provide effective confidence to their subordinates and establish trust among the team members.
Leaders are always moral booster it helps the subordinate to perform their work full dedication
and cooperation.
Coordination- Coordination can be achieved through interpersonal interest of an
individual with organizational goal. Proper synchronization should be necessary to achieve
effective and appropriate coordination.
2.2 Explain the difference between leader ship and management
In British Airways both the leaders and managers has put their heart and soul for
motivating their employees.
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Leadership is the ability to lead other team members or individuals to get work done from
people to achieve the set objectives and goals. They are charismatic in nature.
Whereas management is known to set the strategies and make the employees work for achieving
those targets. They are tend to be authoritative in nature (Liew, Michaelides, and Bunce, 2014).
The difference that arises between the two is the way they motivate employees who follows
them and work for them.
Basis Leadership Management
Style of work Transformational:Leaders have
their own charisma, by their
persuasive skills they
transform the employees and
make you follow their steps.
Transactional :Managers order
their subordinates to do the
work assigned. The position of
authority lies with them.
Focus People : They give the credit to
people. Their focus is on
achievement.
Work : They just need the
work to be done,doesn't matter
how.
Essence Change : They keep changing
their styles and techniques to
get the work done.
Stability : Managers are rigid
in this case.
Seeks Vision : They work for the
vision of the cited entity.
Objectives :Managers are
working for the fulfilment of
the objectives.
Dynamic Proactive : They are proactive
in nature .
Reactive: Managers give their
reaction or take step after the
situation arises
Risk Taker : They encounter every
problem with thrill and
enthusiasm.
Minimises : They are risk
averse and generally tries to
avoid conflicts.
Horizon Long term : Focuses on long Short term: Focus on
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term goals immediate task allotted.
Decision Facilitates : Encourage
participation of every
individual.
Makes : Makes decision by
himself and impose on
subordinates.
2.3 Different leadership style to be used at different situation
Leaders always uses different type of leadership style in order to get situational objective
effectively.
Authoritarian leadership style - In this type of leadership leaders believes in to maintain
professional relationship in order to maintain successful environment and follower-ship. That
type of leadership used in case of crisis situation. That type of leaders hold authority and
responsibly to take decision without consulting with their subordinates. This type of leadership
style exert pressure on the workers, it is not a best way of leadership style (Rozenthuler, and
Rowland, 2015).
Democratic leadership - In this type of leadership subordinates are involved in decision
making process. Democratic leaders have final responsibility to approve the following decision
which has been taken by their subordinates. It entails the fairness, competence, creativity,
courage and intelligence. This type of leadership follow active communication upward and
downward.
Strategic leadership- Strategic leaders are the head of an organization. Their main work
is to framed policies and strategies in order to achieve innovative targets which are essential for
growth of the firm.
Transformational leadership- This type of leaders motivate others to do more than their
capacity and out of box. They set challenging assignment and task in order to promote higher
level performance. Transformation leaders tends to have more committed and satisfied followers.
Team leadership- Team leader has a number of subordinates they all do their work
together in order to achieve the shared goal. Vision of a company always inspires subordinates
and provides strong sense of purpose and direction.
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Laissez faire leadership- This type of leadership gives an authority to employees. They
can do their work with minimal interference. It is the least satisfying and least effective
management style.
Transactional leadership - In this type all the subordinates are strongly dedicated towards
the changes in work process and environment in order to get tangible rewards by the following
leader instruction.
2.4 Explanation of different techniques of motivation
Employee motivation is an intrinsic and internal driver to put effort towards the work
related activities. Motivation is a technique which provide strength to staff members in order to
do their work with maximum efficiency. There are several motivational theories are present
which improves work efficiency (Rozenthuler, and Rowland, 2015).
Maslow's hierarchy needs- Needs in a hierarchy are ranges from lower to higher, as lower
needs are fulfilled higher needs are automatically arise. It maintains the hierarchy of needs in
order higher level needs are not arise until the lower level needs are fulfilled.
Physiological needs- It contains the life essential elements such as food, water and
shelter. All these elements are necessary for survival on life. Financial incentives also fulfils the
physiological and status needs.
Safety needs- It contains the working environment where employees perform their work.
It basically contain the job security and freedom from threat. It consist of job enlargement and
job enrichment that provides growth and potential opportunities.
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Social needs- It generate a feeling of acceptance, and sense of connection and establish
social position in society.
Self esteem- It is feel by the Recognition of achievement and by their performance status
in an organization to make feel valued and appreciated. Participation gives opportunity to
employee in planning and decision making.
Self actualization- It is generate by challenging and meaning work assignment that
enables employee creativity, innovation ability in order achieve long term goals. Quality of work
life integrates the employee needs and well being with higher productivity and job satisfaction.
Management by objective used as motivation and technique for self control (Day, and Burbach,
2015).
Herzberg's motivation or hygiene theory- This theory determines the work environmental factors
that causes satisfaction and dissatisfaction under the existing employees. According to Herzberg
job provides sufficient challenges in order to utilization of full capacity employees within an
organization. It demonstrates the level of ability. Herzberg theory divides the employees in two
section
Satisfiers or motivators- Motivating factors makes positive impact on growth of an
employees. It contain several factors such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and
advancement or growth.
Hygiene factors that makes negative impact on the employee performance like company
policy, work condition and salary.
TASK 3
3.1 Assess the benefits of team working for an organization
One plus one is equal to eleven- The Synergy Effect is what happens when a group of
individuals works together as a team to achieve the common goal. Following are some of the
ways which benefits the British Airways when their employees works together as a team:
Fosters learning and creativity- creativity is what people get when they work together as
they involved in brainstorming that generates ideas. Individuals experience can do a lot of help
for the entity to learn new skills and enhance their productivity,while working in a team people
get a different level of enthusiasm which they lack while working alone.
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Complementary strengths are blended- Various talents of each individual comes together
and gives a whole new talent to the enterprise.
Builds Trust: In a team people trust each other and establish a bond with the team members.
When you trust each other it reflects in your work as it reflects among the employees of British
Airways.
Conflicts resolution- Conflicts arises when there are lot of people and ideas. Every
individual thinks differently and usually it does not matches with others. But when these
conflicts arises they need to resolve these conflicts by themselves so as to achieve the objectives
of the cited entity.
3.2 Demonstrate working in a team as leader and member towards specific goal in order to
dealing with conflict or difficult situation
Leaders are responsible for building a good environment within a team. It depends upon
the leader capacity. Most of the organizations uses participative and transformational type
leadership style. British airways also faces some issues and conflicts by their competitors, they
exert pressure to provide innovative and low cost services in order to maintain sustainable image
in market. New entrance in a market place also exert pressure to cut down their prices of
services. British airlines have separate departments like human resource department, marketing
and financial departments. All department have their own heads and they promote participative
leadership style for taking decision (Day,and Burbach, 2015). Each and every department team
members are well aware about their roles and responsibilities. They also have freedom to think
outside of box and they can share their ideas with team members and all the team members can
participate in planning and decision and they have an authority to share their ideas and can give
advice to create trust between the employees. Leaders have an ability to listen their subordinates
problem and try to solve their problems in order to they get competitive advantage. Leaders
always use suitable and fair performance appraisal system in order to they motivate and
encourage towards their work performance.
3.3 Effectiveness of team in achieving goal
There are several ways which can help in achieving team effectiveness.
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Clarification of goal and objectives to team members- Every team member aware and well know
about the organization goal and objective, all the team members needs to be aware about their
roles and responsibilities which one is derived from organization objective and goal.
Relationship among team members- Organization policy and strategy are to be frame in
order to maintain strong relationship between members. Through this team members can know
about the internal and environment changes it helps in to modify their action plan.
Conflict resolution ability- When two or more members are working together in a team it
creates conflicts among them. Team leaders plays a major role in resolution of conflicts and
issues. They always use fair techniques when resolving the issues it helps in to maintain trust
among the team members and with the leader (O'Sullivan, Moneypenny, and McKimm, 2015).
Allow team members to interact with team members and their leaders- Interaction among
the team members and with other team members or leaders helps in to building trust and strong
relationship. Through this they can share each other responsibilities in order to improve their
skill set. British airline company maintains strong relationship among the employees in order to
effective achievement of organizational goal.
TASK 4
4.1 Explaining the factors that are involves in planning the monitoring and assessment of work
performance
There are many factors that influence performance appraisal system at work place.
Internal and external factors plays an important role of appraising the employees. Internal factors
includes lobor, union, management attitude and employee behaviour. External factors are
employees legislation. Performance appraisal is one of the most important factor for the success
of any organization. It monitors and assess the performance of employees at a regular time
period in order to improve the working efficiency of an employees. Performance appraisal are
done on the basis of goals and objectives of each and individual roles and responsibility. Roles
and responsibilities are share to the employees at the starting of appraisal cycle (Dumitrescu,
Lie, and Dobrescu, 2014). It uses as benchmark for measuring the performance of individual
employee. There are different techniques and methods are used for the performance appraisal
such as six sigma, balance scorecard and 360 degree performance appraisal techniques.
Extensive and appropriate of these techniques helps in to appraise the employee performance
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with unbiased. HR functions only able to appraise employee motivational factors, employee
loyalty and job satisfaction. Continuous monitoring of employee performance helps in to
motivate employees towards better performance. Appraisal system identifies the level of
performance and gives rewards and awards to successful entrepreneur and planning the needs of
training program for lower level performance employees. It helps in to achieve set organizational
goal. Performance appraisal system also depends on the organization structure.
4.2 Assessment of personal development needs of an individual
It helps in personal development of an individual ability in order to perform their work
efficiently.
Setting goal for next cycle- It sets the goal for next six month under consideration of
individual skill and knowledge development (Hosking, 2015.).
Setting performance measures- Performance measures are the key element for evaluating
the individual employee performance. Such as productivity and efficiency of work, employee
turn over ratio and feedback from the employees. Performance measurement parameters are
defined initially before measuring the employee performance.
Setting guidelines for feedback- It helps in to effective measurement of employee
performance. It consist of some rules and regulations that helps in to providing guidelines for the
criteria of performance.
Set an evaluation schedule- It is set up by senior team management for measuring the
performance of employees in terms of their achievements in last six months according to set
criteria.
Training for developing skill set- After the appraisal cycle and their individual employee
rating training program are to be conducted according to the performance. It helps in to finding
strength and weaknesses of employees and plan training program to overcome their weaknesses
in term to opportunity.
4.3 Evaluation the success of assessment process
Performance assessment is always helpful and successful in achieving organizational goal
and objectives for both employees and organization. Employees are aware about their roles and
responsibilities and organizational goal and objective. Employees goal are always align with the
organizational goal (Chen, Hsu, Krairit, and Lee, 2014). If employees can achieve their goal
14

successfully it means that organization are moving towards the short term and long term goals.
Team performance can also be measure with helps of performance appraisal system. It increases
the efficiency and effectiveness of employee performance due to this employees stay motivated
and enthusiastic towards achievement of organization goal.
CONCLUSION
From the present report, it can be concluded that human resource are management is very
important for an organization. From this report company follows the fair recruitment and
selection in order to give equal chance to each and every candidates. Leadership is an important
function of management that helps in to maximize efficiency in order to achieve organizational
goal efficiently. Leadership is different from management due to the different roles, skills and
responsibilities of a leader. Leaders of a airlines industry believes that in to build strong
relationship between the team members. Participative and transformational leadership style to be
used for encouraging team building because it is very important to achieve desired outcome.
Performance appraisal to be used for the success of any organization. It monitors and assess the
performance of employees at a regular time period in order to improve the working efficiency of
an employees. Employee motivation are the intensive tool towards the work related activities. It
provides strength to staff members in order to do their work with maximum efficiency.
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