Approaches and Models for Change Management PDF

UNDERSTANDING AND
LEADING CHANGE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................3
P1 Compare different organisational example in which there has been a impact of
organisation change and strategies..............................................................................................3
M1 Drivers for change in each example and types of organisational change they affected.......6
D1 Conclusions and recommendations with valid justifications for planning change
effectively....................................................................................................................................7
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................7
P2 The ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviour....................................................................................................................7
M2 Apply appropriate theories and models to critically evaluate organisational response to
change.......................................................................................................................................10
P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organisational
behaviour...................................................................................................................................10
TASK 3 .........................................................................................................................................12
P4 Different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision-
making.......................................................................................................................................12
M3 Use forcefield analysis to analyse the driving and resisting forces and their decision-
making. .....................................................................................................................................13
D2 Critically evaluate the use of force field analysis in meeting organisational objectives.....13
TASK 4 .........................................................................................................................................13
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to deal with change in organisation.......................13
M4 Extent to which leadership approaches can deliver organisational change........................14
D3 Evaluate effectiveness of leadership approaches and model of change management........15
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Organisational change is the continuous process in which management of the
organisation plans to change its structure and strategies for the attainment of goals. It is very
much essential for organisation to understand the concept of organisational change.
Organisations needs to change its culture and strategies in order to achieve goals and objectives
in the best possible manner. With the help of organisational change better strategies can be
formed maintaining the competition level in the market(Aldarmaki, 2013). Changes in
organisation are generally made after analysing the need and demand of current situation in the
market. The organisation chosen for this report is Burberry which is the top British multinational
retailer of UK. It majorly deals in high quality clothing, and fashion accessories. Major topics
covered in this report are comparison of different organisation for knowing the impact of
organisation change, evaluation of the internal and external methods which affect leadership and
appropriate measures which can be taken for minimising negative impact of organisational
change. Various barriers which affect the decision-making process in the organisation will also
be covered in this report. With the help of leadership styles management of organisation can
easily achieve target in the best possible manner.
TASK 1
P1 Compare different organisational example in which there has been a impact of organisation
change and strategies.
Organisation structure generally plays a very important role in management of activities.
As with the help of this goals and target can be easily achieved if these changes are made after
analysing current and present situation(Amey,2010). There are different organisations in the
market which are operating there business with the major motive of earning more and more
profit. But of achieve these target management of the organisation generally requires to make
major changes in the organisational structure. As by doing this each and every activity can be
planned and coordinated in the best possible manner. Chances in the organisation structure can
also be done for improving the performance of employee's and also for introducing any new
product in the market. It is very much essential for Burberry to make changes in the organisation
after analysing the need and preferences of its customer's(Benn, Edwards and Williams, 2014).
New and latest techniques can also be used by Burberry for sustaining in the market for longer

period of time. Organisation change are inevitable in nature and dynamic in nature. So manger of
Burberry will be required to make flexible plans for the attainment of future goals and objectives.
Formation of the organisational strategy is a lengthy and long term process so the manger of
Burberry will be required to implement such strategies with the motive of overall development of
organisation(Biesbroek and et. al., 2013). Competitive advantage will also be easily achievable
by the organisation if Burberry is able to implement new and innovative strategies. Chances of
customer dissatisfaction of Burberry will be automatically reduced if organisational changes are
implemented in the systematic manner. For understanding impact of changes in organisation
strategies comparison of Burberry with its competitor i.e. Marks and Spencer is discussed below-
Basis Burberry M&S
Political
change
After the entry of Brexit major
changes have been taken place in the
political environment of UK. This
means currently the country is facing
high chances of political instability.
This has lead to major changes in the
rules and regulations of the
government. The management of
Burberry had to make major changes
in its working structure as per the
current changes of
government(Chappell and et. al.,
2016).
Strategies Brexit has directly resulted
in affecting the economic stability of
individuals in UK. Due to this people
are not able to buy luxurious
products .keeping this factor in mind
management of organisation has
decided to make changes in there
pricing strategy. This means Burberry
Brexit has also affected the working
structure of Marks and Spencer in a
negative manner. To maintain the
profitability and sale organisation is
required to implement new strategies.
With the help of these strategies
organisation will be able to decrease
chances of failure and risk in there
business.
Strategies:The management of M&S
has also changed its pricing strategy in
order to increase their sale and
profitability. Marks and Spencer is
now planning to use economic pricing
strategy so that its customer's can
easily buy the product. This will also
lead to increase in sale and

as earlier using premium pricing
strategy but now is planning to use
price skimming strategy. In this
organisation will charge high price for
the new product and after the period
of time its prices will be decreased.
Operation: Organisation in this type
of industry is focusing on making
changes in their working strategy so
that negative impact of political
stability can be reduced(Doppelt,
2017). Management of Burberry has
replaced its old tools and machinates
with new ones. So that unnecessary
wastage in the cost and time of
Burberry is reduced. Organisation is
also using Just in time technique so
that chances of political instability can
be reduced.
profitability of organisation because
customer's will be easily able to
afford the product.
Operations: Marks and Spencer is
increased its presence in the social
market. This is done by making
customer's aware about the discount
and offers to its customer's on social
platform. Lean manufacturing strategy
is used by the organisation in order to
reduce wastage in its production
process. This will lead in decreasing
the operational cost and increase in
profitability of M&S.
Environment
change
Individuals in UK are becoming more
and more concerned about the
conservation of environment. Keeping
this factor in mind organisations are
planning to introduce products which
does not causes harm to natural
environment. Burberry is also
planning to make relevant changes in
its operations and strategies(Edwards
Groves and Rönnerman, 2013).
Strategies To reduce negative impact
Marks and Spencer has also changed
its plans and operations as per current
environmental conditions. Changes in
the operations and strategies made by
the organisation are-
Strategies: For the effective

of environmental factor management
of Burberry in planning to improve
the quality of its products and is also
focusing on saving its inventory. The
employee's of Burberry has also
joined Britain clean and tidy initiative
so that environment can be saved and
conserved.
Operations: For reducing negative
impact of environmental factors
management of organisation is
focusing on taking part is various
initiatives related to conservation of
atmosphere. Plans and tactics are also
made for using the renewable
resources in efficient manner(García-
Peñalvo, García de Figuerola and
Merlo, 2010). This will help
Burberry in maintaining competitive
advantage for longer period of time.
achievement of goals and objectives
Marks and Spencer have make some
changes in its strategy formulation.
Organisation is focusing on
performing cashless transaction so
that deforestation activities can be
reduced. Marks and Spencer is also
focusing on not using plastic bags.
This initiative of organisation helps
them in conserving the environment
and natural resources.
Operations: Marks and Spencer is
using six sigma technique for
reducing and eliminating unnecessary
wastage in the production process.
Resources are being used in optimum
manner so that problems related to
environment can be solved in
effective manner.
M1 Drivers for change in each example and types of organisational change they affected
There are internal and external factors which directly affects the working of organisation
in negative and positive manner. Internal factors are related to culture of organisation, various
laws including employment and contract law,management of working behaviour, etc. While on
the other hand external factors include- inflation, deflation, change in political environment of
particular country etc.
Types of organisational changes

Transformational change: Management of Burberry can make strategies for reducing and
eliminating extra workforce. By doing this organisation will be able to save its cost and
resources.
Remedial change: In this type of change Burberry will be required to provide appropriate
training to its employee's so that chances of deficiencies in there performance is decreased.
D1 Conclusions and recommendations with valid justifications for planning change effectively
Internal and external factors can lead to increase in growth and business of organisation.
For instance internal factors like resources and capital of Burberry will lead to increase in profit
for organisation. Some of the major recommendations which can be given to company are-
 Management of organisation can make plans by involving its employee's in the decision-
making process(Gaubatz and Ensminger, 2017).
 Manager of Burberry can try to analyse the current and past situation so that changes can
be accordingly.
TASK 2
P2 The ways in which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and
individual behaviour.
There are various internal and external factors present in the marketplace that directly or
indirectly influences individual, team and leadership in different manner. Internal factors are
those which occurred inside the organisation and outside factors are those which occurred
outside the organisation. Internal factors affect organisation at a small level where as external
factors effect the organisation at wide or large level. There are various factors given below in
case of Burberry are :-
Internal drivers :-
Financial management :- Money is the base of every business and it is very essential to
start and run business. Without monetary system there is no business. In Burberry financial
mangers of the company take appropriate decision regarding spending money like introduce new
product, purchase of raw material, fund distribution etc. so without proper fund it is not possible
for the Burberry employee to perform their task as a individual or in a team effectively. If
appropriate fund is not maintained by the organisation then it is not possible for the leader to
implement and adopt various changes without money(Geroski and Jacquemin, 2013).

Resources :- There are various resources which effect the behaviour of individual as
well as team and leadership in the organisation. If all the resources such as human, technological,
financial and other resources are provided to the employees then they can perform their duties
and task more effectively in team or individual also. Burberry provide proper resources to its
organisation so this will leads smooth working by individual, team and leaders. Resources are the
important part of every organisation without it leader also not able to perform their task or not
able to use their leadership skills in proper manner such as motivating and encouraging
employees.
Organisational culture :- Organisational behaviour include proper scrutiny of the
mental attitude and behaviour of the group and individual in the enterprise. Organisational
culture is a essential part of the company. So Burberry focuses on the organisational culture such
as proper communication skills, participation of staff in decision making etc. that leads smooth
working by team,leaders and individual of the organisation. Proper organisational culture
increase the productivity of the company where as improper organisational culture negatively
effect the productivity of the organisation(Hellman, 2012).
Employee morale :- Employee morale and satisfaction is must required for the success
of the organisation because satisfaction and morale of the employee motivate to perform their
task as a individual or in team. The employees can perform their duties effectively only when if
they fell committed towards their work or job which they perform for the organisation. If any
workers and employer are not satisfied with their job or not feel committed toward their job then
it directly effect the productivity and the success of the company. So leader Burberry introduce
various programs that boost their intellectual confidence level of the individual as well as team
members of the organisation.
Poor delivery :- It is very big problem that effect the productivity as well as image of the
company. As time plays an essential role so company need to focuses on the deliver the products
on proper time so that this increases the brand image as well as productivity of the firm. Burberry
should use good distribution channel so that this will increase the satisfaction of the customers as
well as morale and motivation of individual employees, team members and leader of the
organisation. And if Burberry not focusing on the delivery system or proper time then Burberry
will faced huge loss in the future so company needs to deliver all the products on proper time to
gain customers loyalty(Hoonakker, Carayon and Loushine, 2010).

External drivers :-
Political :- Political forces includes government policies, tax policies , political stability
and government decisions that directly or indirectly effect the business environment of the
company. Burberry needs to follow all the rules and regulations which are formed by the
government. It is very necessary to pay huge fines and taxes if any rules are not followed by the
company, so this way political factors indirectly effect the performance and working of team
members, individual person and leadership skills of the employees. Due to this they also feel
demotivated or unconnected while performing various activities and task of the enterprise.
Economical :- The organisational performance is depends on the overall economical
situations such as inflation rate, interest rate, customers behaviour, currency fluctuation and so
on. Purchasing power of the individual directly effect the performance of the organisation such
as if it is low then individual as well as team fell unmotivated in playing their task such as
decrease in sales. Also, leadership also affected as workers do not follow any instruction of the
employers. Enterprise can also decline their excess man power to bring down the impact of
economical change. Burberry focuses on economic factors of the environment to ensure smooth
functioning of team members and individuals in the organisation(Jaegersberg and Ure, 2017).
New competitors :- Competition are increasing continuously in the market place and it
also create various problems for the other companies because they all are come up with new
technologies and innovation and provide product and services according to the needs and
demand customers by offering at reasonable rates. So, Burberry continuously focuses on the
customers taste and preference and developing their products according to the customers needs
and demand. Leader of the company also motivates individual and team members towards
change or new innovation so that they can achieve their organisational goals and targets.
Customer satisfaction :- It refers to how much customers are satisfied with the
products and services that are offered by the company. As all know without the customers there
is no existence of business. So Burberry continuously introduce new products or innovative
products according to the taste and preference of the customers so that they get satisfied with
particular product offered by the organisation and also can meet customers expectations towards
the product(Karbelkar and Hart, 2018). If customers are satisfied then individuals, teams and
leaders feel motivated by fulfilling customer expectations also build strong relationship within
organisation.

Technology :- It is very essential aspect to develop the business in the long run.
Technology is very important due to regular innovations and existing competition in the
marketplace. Burberry uses new trends and techniques while manufacturing their products this
will increase their productivity and it can also helps to perform better in this competitive market.
All these also helps the individual employees, team members and leaders to work more
effectively. New technology and innovation also helps the team members, individual employees
and leader in positive manner.
M2 Apply appropriate theories and models to critically evaluate organisational response to
change.
To interpret the effectiveness of the change within a enterprise,system theory is used.
System theory is alternative approach which helps in examine and thinking about organisations.
This is theory which helps the Burberry in cut down negative impacts of change on business
enterprise. This theory also solve many difficulties of Burberry which is occurred at workplace
while performing daily operations. According to this theory, Burberry needs to trust on many
policies that are formed by the government which is very essential when implementing the
particular change in the organisation. This theory also solve various issues and grievance
procedure of manpower properly. Also, if this system theory is adopted by the Burberry then
over all productivity of the organisation will increase and company can also achieve their goals
and objectives effectively(Keating Long and Wright, 2013). But as positive there are some
negative aspects are also there that this theory only focuses on the stabilise system of the
organisation. The organisation also have some aspects which are not stable that aspects are
ignored by the system theory and it only provide support to steady and slow changes of
organisation.
P3 Measures that can be taken to minimise negative impact of change on organisational
behaviour.
There are various measures taken by the manager of Burberry to minimise the impact of change
on working and performance of Burberry. Some of these measures are given as follows :-
 Participation of employees in change process :- Managers of the company should also
take suggestions or ideas from the employees this will helps to achieve the organisational
goals and target by proper decision making process with the involvement of employees.
If any duty is given to the employees of the company then they feel motivated towards

their work which make them more powerful advocates. If Burberry involves their
employees in the process of improving operations and strategies or any other decision
making process of enterprise, then they able to adapt these alteration very fast and
effectively. Also, this will leads more stronger relationship between employers and
employee of the Burberry.
 Proper education and communication :- Proper communication and education is must
required before implementation of any change in the organisation because this helps to
know the employees for what reason particular change need to be done. There is proper
effective communication and interaction between the members of the Burberry that helps
them in effective implementation of change. Mostly employees in the organisation are
not prefer any change or they are against the change so this kind of problems are solved
by providing proper education to the employees towards the change that why company
needs particular change by properly communicating them regarding the change.
 Negotiation :- Negotiation is a process which involves something worth for an
agreement. In this two parties are involved that negotiate or bargain with each other for
something in return. This process is very useful when the there is strong or powerful
source in the opposite of one party. In this there is a chance of blackmailing between
both the parties by using their powers(Martin, 2010). This process is basically used by
the companies by negotiating with the other one for something in return.
 Facilitation and support :- This is the process through which organisation minimize the
effect of change on performance and working of Burberry. In this managers of Burberry
helps the employees to deal with the fear that is faced by them towards the change by
providing them effective training and counselling programs so that they can easily use
new innovate technology that is setup by the organisation such as in case of industrial
change that is done by adopting new technologies and machines so mangers needs to
provide training and coaching to the employees regarding the working and operating
system of the machinery so that they run it properly without any fear.
 Don't keep people in the dark:- Change management is not a easy task that is
performed by the organisation. It is very mussy so that many companies appoint
professional consultants and HR specialist to conduct this change management process
very effectively. But there are various miscommunication and misinformation that are

scattering between the employees of the organisation because lack of regular
communication. So it is necessary for the managers to update real information to the
employees of the organisation no matter what they think so that they easily accept the
changes without any miscommunication. Mostly all the employees in the organisation are
against the change because of lack of regular information so that they starts spreading
unnecessary information in the organisation that will effect on image of the organisation.
TASK 3
P4 Different barriers for change and determine how they influence leadership decision-making.
There are various kinds of barriers which directly causes hurdles in implementing major
changes in the organisational structure. These barriers also affects the decision-making process
of manager of Burberry. If becomes essential for each and every organisation to implement
strategies for overcoming these barriers in a effective and efficient manner. As by doing this they
will be able to achieve competitive advantage within limited period of time. Some of the major
barriers which affects the work of Burberry are discussed below-
Poor employee participation: If the employee's in organisation are not able to
participate in the decision-making process than better strategies may not be implemented for the
future course of action. If there is less engagement of employee's in Burberry than high
authorities of organisation will not be able to implement relevant changes. For increasing the
participation of employee's Burberry can provide training to employee's(Moon and Cocklin,
2011). As by doing this they will be able to suggest new and innovative techniques in completing
the task. Organisation must try to treat its employee's as valuable asset. This is because it will
lead in creating sense of belongingness among employee's of Burberry.
Rules and regulations of government: Any change in rules and regulations imposed by
the government of UK will directly lead to barrier in decision-making process of the
organisation. It becomes essential for organisation to adopt these changes in the proper manner.
As by doing this chances of growth and development in their business will be increased.
Implementing policies will lead to increase in market share and profitability of Burberry.
Lack of transparency and poor communication- It is also necessary for organisations
to communicate the plans and strategies with each and every employee's in the systematic
manner. As by doing this complicated work of the organisation will be easily completed because

the employee's will know how the work has to done, so that chances of error is reduced.
Strategies and tactics must also be implemented in the transparent manner(Muduli and et. al.,
2013). If Burberry is not able to implement effective communication strategies than chances of
inadequacy will be increased.
These barriers and hurdles will also affect and influence leadership decision-making. As
the mangers and leader of Burberry will not be able to make better strategies for overcoming
these uncertain barriers. Analysing of present and past condition will help Burberry in
maintaining appropriate position in the market for longer period of time.
M3 Use forcefield analysis to analyse the driving and resisting forces and their decision-making.
Forcefield analysis: Individuals in the organisation faces a lot of problems and issues in
implementing relevant changes. To overcome this problem forcefield analysis model can be used
by the management of organisation. But some of the employee's might think that implementing
these strategies will be waste of time for organisation. By using this model management of
Burberry will be able to implement changes in positive and professional manner. This analysis is
divided into two factors which are driving forces and restraining forces. Driving force is related
with advantages of implementing major changes for Burberry. With the help of driving force
Burberry will be able to achieve its long and short term goals in the best possible manner. While
on the other than restraining force is related with various kinds of barriers which can affect the
working of Burberry in negative manner(Seychell, 2015).
D2 Critically evaluate the use of force field analysis in meeting organisational objectives
Forcefield analysis is the method in helps the employee's and management in achieving
the desired goals within limited period of time. This method is simple and easy to implement so
by doing this complex task in the organisation can be easily completed by each and every
employee of Burberry. But due to negative impact of restraining forces morale and motivation
level of employee's might be decreased. Top management of Burberry can make use of
innovative strategies for reducing negative impact of restraining forces.
TASK 4
P5 Apply different leadership approaches to deal with change in organisation.
Leaders are the individuals who motive and encourage other individuals to perform the
assigned task in effective manner. Leaders in the organisation must have special skills and

knowledge so that they are able to solve complicated problems within the organisation. There are
different leadership techniques which can be used by the leaders of Burberry to extract better
work from employee's. Using best leadership style will lead to increase in motivation level of
employee's because their needs and demands will be taken into consideration by the
management. Whereas if the management is not successful in doing this than goals and
objectives will not be easily achieved by the organisation. Different leadership style which can
be used by the management and leader of Burberry for completing the task are mentioned below-
Democratic Leadership: In this type of leadership style employee's of the organisation
are involved for taking decisions for the future course of action. This style directly increases the
productivity and profitability of organisation because better ideas will be implemented after
analysing various things. Motivation level of employee's in Burberry will be increased and
chances of employee turnover within organisation will be decreased. Skill, knowledge and
capabilities of employee's will also be increased because they will get equal opportunities in
improving their performance(Stanleigh, 2013). Better ideas and methods will be used by
organisation for maintaining the competitive position within limited period of time.
Situational Leadership: In this type of leadership style plans and strategies are generally
made keeping in mind current situation and problem within organisation. This style is generally
used to deal uncertain and complicated task of organisation in the best possible manner.
Challenges can be overcome by the organisation within limited period of time. As in this flexible
plans are prepared so that changes can be made as per current situation. If the management of
Burberry is able to use this style than work will be completed without any hurdle or barrier. It
will also improve decision-making power and capabilities of employee's in Burberry. With the
help of this behaviour of employee's working in Burberry will also be improved.
M4 Extent to which leadership approaches can deliver organisational change.
For evaluating and analysing various leadership approach Lewin's model can be used by
Burberry. As this model will guide the organisation in making relevant changes for the future
course of action. Various stages of this model is mentioned below-
Lewin's Change Management Model: This type of model is generally used to
implement major changes in the working strategy of organisation in the effective and efficient
manner. This model is divided into three stages which are discussed below-

 Unfreeze: It is the very first stage in which leader of the organisation motivates its
employee's to adapt themselves as per the recent changes. Major motive behind this is to
get better results within limited period of time. The leader of Burberry are using
democratic leadership style so it will easily help employee's in adapting such changes in
efficient manner. Plans and tactics are made for overall development of the organisation
and employee's. If the management of Burberry is able to involve its employee's than
better changes can be implemented.
 Change: It is the duty of management to implement changes within prescribed time
period. If this is not than employees will not be able to adapt themselves in uncertain
working environment. Leader and manger of Burberry aims at using situational
leadership. Major motive behind this is to solve the issues and problems of employees.
 Refreeze: It is considered as last stage in Lewin's change model. In this stage employees
are expected to revert their old habits after a certain period of time(Tartari, Salter and
D’Este, 2012). These chances are generally made after monitoring and analysing the
situation in systematic manner. Major motive in this is to create and maintain healthy
working environment within organisation. As by doing this changes can be implemented
easily and also without wasting unnecessary time.
D3 Evaluate effectiveness of leadership approaches and model of change management
From the data it has analysed that situational leadership style will be more suitable for
the Burberry . This is because chances of uncertainty in this type of industry is very high. So
with the help of this style leader of Burberry will be able to increase overall development of the
organisation. Recent trends in the market can also be analysed by using situational leadership
style in systematic manner. While on the other hand change management model will lead to
achievement of goals and objectives in the best possible manner. Chances of conflicts and
disputes within the organisation will be reduced. As in this model needs and preferences of
employee's will be taken into consideration by the management of Burberry. It will also solve the
problem of employee's retention and turnover in Burberry.
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussed report, it can be concluded that change are to be done on
proper time otherwise it is no meaningful for the organisation. To sustain in a regular changing

environment and increase productivity it is necessary for the organisation to adapt changes
according to the market current demand so that company can stand in the marketplace against its
competitors. Different drivers are there which affect the workings or operations of the
organisation such as political, technological , social , cultural etc. To minimize negative impact
on the change some of the measures are taken such as proper education and training,
participation of employees in decision-making, proper communication between employees and
employers and so on. These all measures are very useful to implement various changes in
organisation very effectively. There are some leadership approaches such as participative and
democratic that is very beneficial while dealing with change in effective manner in the
organisation.

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Online
PEST Analysis. 2018. [Online] Available through.
<https://www.visual-paradigm.com/guide/strategic-analysis/what-is-pest-analysis/>.