Motivation Theories and Employee Engagement

The assignment discusses the importance of motivation in the workplace, particularly at Hilton Hotel. It reviews different motivation theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Alderfer's ERG Theory, McClelland's Theory, and Skinner's Reinforcement Theory. The report highlights the significance of self-respect in achieving efficient work outcomes among employees at Hilton Hotel.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1. Analyzing the influence of culture, politics and power on behaviour of others in Hilton
Hotel. ..........................................................................................................................................1
P2. Evaluating how to motivate employees of the organization and teams to achieve goals of
Hilton Hotel.................................................................................................................................2
P3. How to cooperate effectively with others.............................................................................4
P4. Applying concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour in Hilton Hotel................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the most important aspect in the any organization as because
interaction between people is very necessary in the organization. It is a process which is applied
to the interaction of various group of people. Organizational behaviour has large impact on the
growth and development of the organization. In this assessment the impact that individual, group
and structure have on growth and success of the organization is included. The report is also
evaluating how motivate individual and teams to accomplishing the goal. Importance of
cooperation is also included in this report. Various philosophies and concept of organisational
behaviours is also included in this report. The present scenario is about Hilton Hotel which is
belongs to industry of hospitality in which the study is about the motivational model of the
organization. Hilton hotel is global brand of service in hotel industry. The headquarter of Hilton
hotel is located in UK and McLean.
TASK 1
P1. Analysing the influence of culture, politics and power on behaviour of others in Hilton Hotel.
The manner in which any individual behave in the organization is totally depend on his
culture where the person is coming from. Hilton Hotel is the most famous hotel industry in the
world. About 570 hotels are operating in the world. The workers and the staff of Hilton is
coming from outside the world. So it is very important to examine the behaviour of human. The
behaviour of the people of the organizational cognition s divided in three parts that are micro
level, meso level and macro level by which the behaviour play vital role in the growth and
development of Hilton Hotel. Powerfulness and politics play a critical role in decision making of
Hilton Hotel. Powerfulness has both effect, positive and negative on the performance of the
workers at working place (Balwant, 2018).
Powerfulness in Working place- In any organization the authority of decision making is given
to the top most authority. In Hilton Hotel the decision of Finance, sales, marketing, customer
service etc. are the critical decision of the company which is taken by the highest level authority
of the hotel. The top most managers and seniors of the hotel has complete knowledge and
experience of delegating works to others and they determine the amount of work delegated to
others by them. Positive use of power is when employee's in the organization is feel motivated
and encourage by the decisions of the manager. Negative use of power is when employees in the
organization feel discourage and harassment and toucher by the decisions of the top authorities.
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Politics in organization- The people in the organization who have powers and authority are
mostly included in the politics in the working place of Hilton Hotel. The employee's who are
included in the politics of the organization is performing in more and more efficient way. Politics
also have both negative and positive effect as if mangers or employee's use power of politics in
the in wrong way that it lead to depletion in the performance of work and generally people
involved in the politics transfer the work to lower level which leads to sometimes failure of the
organization. Manipulating of work also leads to negative effect on the Hilton Hotel. But
positivity of power of politics leads to high growth and success of Hilton Hotel (Pereira, Malik
and Froese, 2017).
P2. Evaluating how to motivate employees of the organization and teams to achieve goals of
Hilton Hotel.
Motivation is the reason for the action of the employees, desire and wants of the workers.
It is an external and internal forces which cause a person to do work or to achieve the
organizational goal. By motivation employees in Hilton Hotel are more engaged in the work.
Employee's doing any work if they are motivated in doing their work, employee's are being
engaged in completing the work. Motivation helps the organization and employee's both in
innovating ideas and take the work more easier (Goh, Ritchie and Wang, 2017). The vision and
mission of Hilton Hotel is same when motivation of the employee's become strong. Motivation is
the most crucial elements in Hilton t get success in the world level. Lack of motivation leads to
failure and no result of the input. There are many theories of motivation which are classified are
as under:
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Illustration 1: Theories of Motivation
(Source: Theories of Motivation)
Content & Process Theory- The main focus of content theory is on WHAT are the ways by
which the behaviour of individual is motivated. Process theory focus on HOW the behaviour of
individual is motivated. Content theories are the traditional theory of motivation. The other name
of Content theory is need theory. They are least accepted in academic circles but in the working
system they have highest impact on the practise of management and policy. In process theory
the main involvement is how the motivation occurs, and what is the procedure included in the
motivation. In process theory there is need of specialist and experts who helps in evaluating the
ways and procedure for motivating the employees in Hilton Hotel.
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Maslow-hierarchy-of-needs theory, Alderfer's ERG theory, McClelland's theory are the
main theories of Content theory (Ehlers, 2017).
Skinner's reinforcement theory, Victor V room's expectancy theory, Adam's Equity
theory are the main theories of Process Theory.
Maslows-hierarchy-of-needs theory- As per to this theory there are various types of needs
which a individual will adopt during the lifespan and before completing on need individual will
not move to the next needs (Waterson, 2017). Maslows-hierarchy-of-needs theory basically have
five categories. It basically starts with fulfilling the psychological needs and after that health and
safety needs along with love and affection, Self-esteem. In this theory the first and basic needs
are psychological needs which is mandatory for any company to fulfil this needs as because it is
the first and prime requirements of an individual to have food, cloth and shelter. The next health
and safety need is also the most valuable need of the individual as working in the organization
employee's should feel safe and secure. Love and affection is the next most important theory
which is to be fulfilled in the organization. Next needs is Self esteem which is included as
honour and respect of the individual in the organization (Pauksztat and Salin, 2017).
Alderfer's ERG theory- According to this theory the needs of the individual at home or at
campus are classified into three categories. First is growth need, secondly Relatedness needs and
last existence needs. Growth needs includes self development, personal growth and promotion.
Relatedness needs includes individual relationship with family, peers and subordinates, love and
affection, fame. Existence need includes physical well-being of the person. It is believes that an
individual start satisfying the needs of lower level they become more and more addicted but is
not important that all the individual are motivated as motivation is depend on the personal
development level.
McClelland's theory – This theory stated that every individual has one of three main driving
motivators, achievement need, affiliation and power. This theory is regardless to the gender of
the individual, culture, age of the individual. Individual will have various characteristic
depending on their dominating motivator.
Skinner's reinforcement theory- This theory includes a part of incentives system. If
organization wants to reinforce the behaviour, providing reward and incentives is the best way
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for motivation, and in opposite way the behaviour which not up to the mark or weak than
punishment is the best way to motivate the employee's. This theory also states that time gap in
granting reward should not be too long, it should be short. By proving incentives and reward the
performance of the employee's in Hilton Hotel is improved in large way (Gkorezis and
Petridou,2017).
All the above said theories are significant in achievement of employee's and goal of Hilton Hotel
but tall these theories will be useful on what kind of person are of various section of the report.
As every employee's having a different wants and requirements and they all are satisfied by
various things.
P3. How to cooperate effectively with others.
In an organization cooperation is required at regular basis to achieve the goals and
objectives. Healthy organization is only be known if there is effective cooperation in the Hilton
Hotel. To accomplish productive work in the organization it is very necessary to cooperate with
others. Cooperation results in effective and efficient working of the organization. In the
management of team cooperation is very important. By working in a team or group , individual
will learn to how to settle the things and how to compromise. Effective communication is also
develop by cooperation by which the achievement is goal is earlier.
There are some important points of cooperation's by the organizational goals is achieve in time.
Focus on organisational goal- Cooperation with the team helps to achieve the goal of
the organization. Cooperation automatically achieve the goals of the team and objectives of the
organization. Cooperation is the prime skills of team management.
Active participation in team- Cooperation leads to active participation in team as in
achieving the goals of the organization it is very important to make their contribution and take
active part in team.
Development of skills- cooperation helps in building various skills in the employees. As
with cooperation employees learn to compromise the situations, settlement of disputes in the
organization and team working is also develop in the individual.
Increased productivity- When there is team working in the organization that employee's
use to work together. When their is group of people accomplishing the task, the work will be
complete effectively and efficiently. More time is save by cooperating the work.
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Improvement in job satisfaction- without cooperation there is no healthy environment
in the working place as arguments, conflicts, disputes makes the working place as working in a
jail or war. So it is very important to develop the skills of cooperation among the employee's by
which the working place will be a enjoyable place rather than a jail.
Reduces Misunderstanding- Cooperating with others reduces many misunderstandings
in the working place. As without cooperation employee's divide themselves in fractions by that
lots of misunderstandings take birth. Management of the organization should boost cooperation
in workplace so that it prevents many barriers in communication.
Increase the listening capacity- Cooperation helps in upgrading the skills of listening to
others. It is very important for individual to have capacity and ability of listening. It happens in
the organization sometimes, that employee's are being listen for wrong thing which they have not
done but argumentation and commenting to seniors does not looks good, so it is very necessary
for an individual to develop listening capacity, and listening capacity is only be done by
cooperation with others in a team.
Giving punishment- For motivating the employee's, punishment plays a critical role.
Like if the organization is giving reward for better work of the employee's that they give
punishment also. It should also ensure the that punishment should not be hard (Ruck, Welch,
and Menara, 2017).
Give reward- employee's feel motivated if there is system of rewarding in the
organization. For example if any employee get promotion than each and every one in the team
has to celebrate his success. Cooperation is very necessary as in any celebration or any function
in the organization.
Increase retention- Cooperation helps in retention of the employee's. As cooperation
leads to healthy and enjoyable working place. For a individual money and payment not all
matters, they want happy working environment in the organization. Cooperation is only thing
which helps in giving happy environment in the organization and it also aid in assisting the
retention of employee's which is beneficial for organization.
By all these point as discuss above, the importance of cooperation. Cooperation among others
benefited both, employee's and organization also. For achieving success and targeted goal it is
very important to make plans and strategies for developing cooperation.
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P4. Applying concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour in Hilton Hotel.
The organizational behaviour in hospitality industry is for sure founded on a few
fundamental concepts and philosophies which is close to the nature and variety of individual in
the Hilton Hotel. Perceptions, divergence in individual, Motivation, self-esteem of human and
worth of the person (Jaworski, 2018).
Individual divergence- In the world there are lot of people and they all think in different
ways. DNA is a medical technique which is proven by Science that all humans are different from
each other. So it is the responsibility the management of Hilton Hotel to approach each and every
person differently from others there are no single rule for all in Hilton Hotel.
Perceptions- Perception means taste and preferences of people. As in the world there are
lots of people, they all have different perception and observation (Zedelius, aand et.al, 2017).
The taste and preference is also totally differ from each other. The management Hilton hotel has
approach all the people in the organization and make strategies and schemes as per there likings.
Motivation- Motivation is the most important aspect in attaining the goals and target of
the Hilton Hotel. The power of motivation is also different, like few motivators are affecting and
few motivators are not. In Hilton hotel the staff has different motivation power which may be
positive or may be negative.
Human Respect- Respect and dignity is the most important aspect for an individual or
employee's in the organization. If the employee's of Hilton Hotel treated them as by full dignity
and respect them employee's work will surely upgraded and enhance to large extent. The goals
and objectives of the Hilton Hotel is easily achieved if the staff of the organization feel respect
and valuable. It is also crucial for Hilton hotel to treat each and every employee's equally. There
is no bias in the organisation.
Value of employee's- The value of employee's is also important aspect in the
organization is is very necessary to appreciate the skills of the employee's. Just like respect and
dignity elements, value is also a significant elements in the organization. The Hilton hotel should
need to value and appreciate their skills (Gkorezis and Petridou, 2017).
CONCLUSION
From above assessment it is concluded that it is very essential for Hilton Hotel for
development and growth and improvement on the work of the employee's which is aid in
achieving the goals and target of the organization. Cooperation is the very crucial factor of
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Hilton Hotel. There are many factors which have both negative and positive impact on the
working environment. Various theories are also concluded in this report like Maslows-hierarchy-
of-needs theory, Alderfer's ERG theory, McClelland's theory ,Skinner's reinforcement theory .
These all theories help the organization to motivate the employee's of Hilton Hotel. Self Respect
is the most important factor in the efficient working of the employee's in Hilton Hotel. In the
present scene of Hilton hotel it is clear that there are various workers who are coming
from various culture.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Balwant, P.T., 2018. The meaning of student engagement and disengagement in the classroom
context: lessons from organisational behaviour. Journal of Further and Higher Education.
42(3) pp.389-401.
Ehlers, L.I., 2017. Conceptualising primary labour relationship quality. South African Journal of
Economic and Management Sciences. 20(1). pp.1-11.
Gkorezis, P. and Petridou, E., 2017. Corporate social responsibility and pro-environmental
behaviour: organisational identification as a mediator. European Journal of International
Management. 11(1). pp.1-18.
Goh, E., Ritchie, B. and Wang, J., 2017. Non-compliance in national parks: An extension of the
theory of planned behaviour model with pro-environmental values. Tourism Management.
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Jaworski, B.J., 2018. Commentary: Advancing marketing strategy in the marketing discipline
and beyond. Journal of Marketing Management. 34(1-2). pp.63-70.
Kitchin, D., 2017. An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers: A
group and multicultural approach. Routledge.
Pauksztat, B. and Salin, D., 2017. Exposure to workplace bullying and group dynamics: A social
network analysis.
Pereira, V., Malik, A. and Froese, F.J., 2017. Mapping the impact of Asian business systems on
HRM and organisational behaviour: multi-level comparative perspectives. Journal of Asia
Business Studies. 11(3). pp.253-261.
Ruck, K., Welch, M. and Menara, B., 2017. Employee voice: An antecedent to organisational
engagement?. Public Relations Review. 43(5). pp.904-914.
Waterson, P., 2017. Patient Safety Culture and Organisational Behaviour. In Patient Safety
Culture (pp. 70-93). CRC Press.
Zedelius, C.M., Müller, B.C. and Schooler, J.W. Eds., 2017. The science of lay theories: How
beliefs shape our cognition, behavior, and health. Springer.
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