Literature Review and Research Analysis
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The provided document is a literature review and research analysis assignment that requires students to thoroughly read and comprehend multiple research papers on topics such as health promotion, interprofessional communication, decision-making, cultural competence, and more. The students need to identify key concepts relevant to quality of care, patient and public involvement in outcome measures, teaching cultural competence in nursing, and discussing ethics in sport and exercise science research. This analysis will help them better understand the importance of these topics in healthcare settings.
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Communicating in Health
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Relevant theories of communication to health and social care context ...............................1
1.2 Communication skill in a health and social care context......................................................3
1.3 Methods of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individual in
health and social care settings....................................................................................................5
1.4 Use of strategies to support users of health and social care services with communication
need.............................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 How a communication process is influenced by values and culture factors ........................7
2.2 How legislation, charters an code of practices impact on the communication process........8
2.3 Effectiveness of organisational system and policies in promoting good communication....9
2.4 Ways of improving the communication process in health and social care settings ...........10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Use ICT software packages to support work in health and social care ..............................11
3.2 Benefits of using ICT in health and social care for user of services...................................12
3.3 How legal consideration in the use of ICT impact of health and social care .....................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Relevant theories of communication to health and social care context ...............................1
1.2 Communication skill in a health and social care context......................................................3
1.3 Methods of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individual in
health and social care settings....................................................................................................5
1.4 Use of strategies to support users of health and social care services with communication
need.............................................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
2.1 How a communication process is influenced by values and culture factors ........................7
2.2 How legislation, charters an code of practices impact on the communication process........8
2.3 Effectiveness of organisational system and policies in promoting good communication....9
2.4 Ways of improving the communication process in health and social care settings ...........10
TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................11
3.1 Use ICT software packages to support work in health and social care ..............................11
3.2 Benefits of using ICT in health and social care for user of services...................................12
3.3 How legal consideration in the use of ICT impact of health and social care .....................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15
INTRODUCTION
In this modern era, people are more concern about their health and safety. For this,
several health and social care organisations provide their own contribution to maximise living
abilities of an individual. In this employees of health care sector needs to analyse issues and
problems of their clients to provide them effective services and treatment properly. In this
procedure, a effective communication play a most important role that helps to develop positive
relation with management, patients, families and peers. Through this, an individual can easily
analyse proper information on the based of their requirement and need. In health and social care
sector, communication play a most important role to monitor someone's health issues, problems
and requirement. In different organisations, management conducts training session to maximise
communication skills of their employees (Glasby and Dickinson, 2014). Main objective of this
procedure is to build positive interaction with others to provide them appropriate services easily.
This project is determine theories of communication, Methods of dealing with inappropriate
interpersonal communication between individual in health and social care settings,
communication process that influenced by values and culture factors and impact of legislation,
charter and codes of practices on effective communication. It also includes organisational system
and policies in promoting good communication and Ways of improving the communication
process. At last it determine Uses and benefits of ICT software packages to support work in
health and social care as well as legal consideration in the use of ICT.
TASK 1
1.1 Relevant theories of communication to health and social care context
In health and social care sector, communication play a most important role. Through this
health care employees can easily analyse their patient's need and want to provide them
appropriate services easily (Brach and et. al., 2012). There are different theories of
communication are given below -
Humanistic theory (Maslow's need Hierarchy)- In health and social care sector, this
theory determine several aspects that are based on human requirement and need. As in the case
of Estrella, she wants a positive conversation with someone who can talk about her day to day
activities. Person who suffering from dementia is required proper treatment and care. Maslow's
need hierarchy represent such factors properly -
In this modern era, people are more concern about their health and safety. For this,
several health and social care organisations provide their own contribution to maximise living
abilities of an individual. In this employees of health care sector needs to analyse issues and
problems of their clients to provide them effective services and treatment properly. In this
procedure, a effective communication play a most important role that helps to develop positive
relation with management, patients, families and peers. Through this, an individual can easily
analyse proper information on the based of their requirement and need. In health and social care
sector, communication play a most important role to monitor someone's health issues, problems
and requirement. In different organisations, management conducts training session to maximise
communication skills of their employees (Glasby and Dickinson, 2014). Main objective of this
procedure is to build positive interaction with others to provide them appropriate services easily.
This project is determine theories of communication, Methods of dealing with inappropriate
interpersonal communication between individual in health and social care settings,
communication process that influenced by values and culture factors and impact of legislation,
charter and codes of practices on effective communication. It also includes organisational system
and policies in promoting good communication and Ways of improving the communication
process. At last it determine Uses and benefits of ICT software packages to support work in
health and social care as well as legal consideration in the use of ICT.
TASK 1
1.1 Relevant theories of communication to health and social care context
In health and social care sector, communication play a most important role. Through this
health care employees can easily analyse their patient's need and want to provide them
appropriate services easily (Brach and et. al., 2012). There are different theories of
communication are given below -
Humanistic theory (Maslow's need Hierarchy)- In health and social care sector, this
theory determine several aspects that are based on human requirement and need. As in the case
of Estrella, she wants a positive conversation with someone who can talk about her day to day
activities. Person who suffering from dementia is required proper treatment and care. Maslow's
need hierarchy represent such factors properly -
ď‚· Physical - For a person who is suffering from any kind of disease is requires to fulfil their
all physical needs as Estrella is suffering from Dementia, in which she wants to proper
health care treatment to recover from it soon.
 Security – Estrells is suffering from a problem in which she wants proper security to
manage her activities in effective manner. In this process, she can take proper treatment
from health care executive.
 Social – For a disable person, it is require to get proper love and care from each every
one. In this process, it is require to provide them proper attention without any partiality to
maximise their health level easily (Ginter, Duncan and Swayne, 2014).
 Self Actualisation – Family and friends of a person are play a most important in an
individual's life. It is their responsibility to make them feel worthful to improve their
health by such self actualization.
Behaviourist Approach: Here approach of Skinner's is analysed in present task which is
recognised as well known behaviourist. The basic theory which is provided by this behaviourist
includes the idea about the fact that learning is known as the function of change in overt
behaviour. The theory which is provided by this behaviourist is known as operant conditioning.
The concept of this theory provides the information about that organism can emit
responses, instead of eliciting response due to external stimulus.
Cognitive theories – This theory is basically used to analyse individual's incredibility for
processing information in effective manner. Cognitive learning is basically used to analysing
mental process of a person. As per the case of Norah, who is 75 years old widow and suffering
from Dementia. She is the kind of individual who wants her breakfast in her bed when she awake
in morning. So for this, it is require for her care taker and family to accomplish her need to make
her happy in each situation. Through this, they can make her feel happy by providing whatever
she want.
Social Learning theory- Each and every individual is learn different ideas, creative
thought and many other things from social activities. In the case of Aelfric, who has been
diagnosed with dementia is find difficulty to participate in different social activities. For his
better treatment, it is require to make him attend in such social act, so he can become more
comfortable in such environment and gets cured easily. In this procedure, social learning theory
helps to maximise his confidence level and build a friendly behaviour in a human nature for
all physical needs as Estrella is suffering from Dementia, in which she wants to proper
health care treatment to recover from it soon.
 Security – Estrells is suffering from a problem in which she wants proper security to
manage her activities in effective manner. In this process, she can take proper treatment
from health care executive.
 Social – For a disable person, it is require to get proper love and care from each every
one. In this process, it is require to provide them proper attention without any partiality to
maximise their health level easily (Ginter, Duncan and Swayne, 2014).
 Self Actualisation – Family and friends of a person are play a most important in an
individual's life. It is their responsibility to make them feel worthful to improve their
health by such self actualization.
Behaviourist Approach: Here approach of Skinner's is analysed in present task which is
recognised as well known behaviourist. The basic theory which is provided by this behaviourist
includes the idea about the fact that learning is known as the function of change in overt
behaviour. The theory which is provided by this behaviourist is known as operant conditioning.
The concept of this theory provides the information about that organism can emit
responses, instead of eliciting response due to external stimulus.
Cognitive theories – This theory is basically used to analyse individual's incredibility for
processing information in effective manner. Cognitive learning is basically used to analysing
mental process of a person. As per the case of Norah, who is 75 years old widow and suffering
from Dementia. She is the kind of individual who wants her breakfast in her bed when she awake
in morning. So for this, it is require for her care taker and family to accomplish her need to make
her happy in each situation. Through this, they can make her feel happy by providing whatever
she want.
Social Learning theory- Each and every individual is learn different ideas, creative
thought and many other things from social activities. In the case of Aelfric, who has been
diagnosed with dementia is find difficulty to participate in different social activities. For his
better treatment, it is require to make him attend in such social act, so he can become more
comfortable in such environment and gets cured easily. In this procedure, social learning theory
helps to maximise his confidence level and build a friendly behaviour in a human nature for
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others. By using such theory and approaches, care taker of Aelfric is easily build social learning
factors in him for positive treatment (Gunster, 2017).
Psychoanalytical Theories - This theory is basically determine personality of an
individual in which they feel conscious to express their thoughts and ideas in front of others.
Main objectives of this theory is to repressed emotions of that kind of person to make them
comfortable easily. As in the case of Minika, who is find difficulties in learning and having
limited speech skills. For her, it is require to communicate in a polite way to identify issues and
problems in effective manner. Through this theory, a person can easily identify clients issues and
their needs to provide them appropriate services easily.
1.2 Communication skill in a health and social care context
In health and social care sector, communication skill play a most important role in order
to maximise positive interaction with clients as well as patients. Some of the health and social
care organisation conducts training session for their employees to enhance their interpersonal
skills to communicate positively with each individual. On the bases of positive conversation,
they can easily analyse issues and needs of patients to resolve them through effective manner. In
this process, employee of health and social care sector can use different techniques as -
 Written – This is a most effective procedure which is basically uses to keeping record in
effective manner. For this, employees needs to use a formal way to manage all the
activities in written (Straus, Tetroe and Graham, 2012). This communication techniques
is very useful for doctors, patients and other staff members to keep record of patients
informations, issues and prescription as well.
 Listening – This is a impactful process for seniors of health care sector in which they
listen issues and problems of their clients to provide them proper treatment. This is a
most impactful procedure for health and social organisation. These are the most effective
and impactful process that basically uses to gathering information and collective data.
 Verbal – In health and social care sector, employees should have to be skilled and
experienced who can easily analyse issues and problems of clients and services user.
This is a most important communication techniques that always used to build proper
connection with others. In this sectors, verbal communication is helpful for doctors,
nurses and surgeon to analysing disease and issues.
factors in him for positive treatment (Gunster, 2017).
Psychoanalytical Theories - This theory is basically determine personality of an
individual in which they feel conscious to express their thoughts and ideas in front of others.
Main objectives of this theory is to repressed emotions of that kind of person to make them
comfortable easily. As in the case of Minika, who is find difficulties in learning and having
limited speech skills. For her, it is require to communicate in a polite way to identify issues and
problems in effective manner. Through this theory, a person can easily identify clients issues and
their needs to provide them appropriate services easily.
1.2 Communication skill in a health and social care context
In health and social care sector, communication skill play a most important role in order
to maximise positive interaction with clients as well as patients. Some of the health and social
care organisation conducts training session for their employees to enhance their interpersonal
skills to communicate positively with each individual. On the bases of positive conversation,
they can easily analyse issues and needs of patients to resolve them through effective manner. In
this process, employee of health and social care sector can use different techniques as -
 Written – This is a most effective procedure which is basically uses to keeping record in
effective manner. For this, employees needs to use a formal way to manage all the
activities in written (Straus, Tetroe and Graham, 2012). This communication techniques
is very useful for doctors, patients and other staff members to keep record of patients
informations, issues and prescription as well.
 Listening – This is a impactful process for seniors of health care sector in which they
listen issues and problems of their clients to provide them proper treatment. This is a
most impactful procedure for health and social organisation. These are the most effective
and impactful process that basically uses to gathering information and collective data.
 Verbal – In health and social care sector, employees should have to be skilled and
experienced who can easily analyse issues and problems of clients and services user.
This is a most important communication techniques that always used to build proper
connection with others. In this sectors, verbal communication is helpful for doctors,
nurses and surgeon to analysing disease and issues.
 Non-verbal – These communication can be determine in graphical form to analyse
information related to specific disease and internal issue. For this, health care
organisations uses different methods and equipments as x-ray and further digital
machines (Courtney, 2013).
Purpose of communication -
ď‚· Giving proper information- Information should be flow in the language which can be
understand by receiver. Use of difficult words should be avoided so every person in the
process can interpret. Information can be passed through oral and written way. In health
sector, if person not able to convey his problem properly to Doctor than how can he or
she make his treatment here needed proper communication. In society people get linked
only when they able to understand each other sayings (Abrams and et. al., 2012).
ď‚· Record keeping- It a type of written communication. Record is the thing if person not
get the opportunity or time to tell their side or story than it can be understood by seeing
the data or written history. In health, most diagnostic decisions come from the history
taken at the interview,patients visit doctor not able to tell back health story due to not
understanding or the time then old reports inform about further process. In social, person
not every time remind about the last expenditure on monthly or weekly grocery it can be
known through bills every time they collect.
ď‚· Monitoring - Its type of non verbal and listening communication. Monitor refer to
observing. Person need not to tell generally doctor what is happening on their body
expert can understand simply by just checking and seeing this happen mainly in the case
of allergies. In society person nature can be understand by way of talking, looking
things,walking,through facial expression all these things is done by listening and
watching particular person (Szmukler and Rose, 2013).
ď‚· Decision making- Decision can be make by viewing written past records and it can also
be done by oral discussion with the persons. In health industry to know the growth of the
business past statement can help in the future development related decision.
Key terms of communication -
 Empathy – These kind of communications are basically uses to understand emotion and
feeling of each individual. Major used of these communication is to analyse issues of
those person who feel shy to talking about their disease and problems.
information related to specific disease and internal issue. For this, health care
organisations uses different methods and equipments as x-ray and further digital
machines (Courtney, 2013).
Purpose of communication -
ď‚· Giving proper information- Information should be flow in the language which can be
understand by receiver. Use of difficult words should be avoided so every person in the
process can interpret. Information can be passed through oral and written way. In health
sector, if person not able to convey his problem properly to Doctor than how can he or
she make his treatment here needed proper communication. In society people get linked
only when they able to understand each other sayings (Abrams and et. al., 2012).
ď‚· Record keeping- It a type of written communication. Record is the thing if person not
get the opportunity or time to tell their side or story than it can be understood by seeing
the data or written history. In health, most diagnostic decisions come from the history
taken at the interview,patients visit doctor not able to tell back health story due to not
understanding or the time then old reports inform about further process. In social, person
not every time remind about the last expenditure on monthly or weekly grocery it can be
known through bills every time they collect.
ď‚· Monitoring - Its type of non verbal and listening communication. Monitor refer to
observing. Person need not to tell generally doctor what is happening on their body
expert can understand simply by just checking and seeing this happen mainly in the case
of allergies. In society person nature can be understand by way of talking, looking
things,walking,through facial expression all these things is done by listening and
watching particular person (Szmukler and Rose, 2013).
ď‚· Decision making- Decision can be make by viewing written past records and it can also
be done by oral discussion with the persons. In health industry to know the growth of the
business past statement can help in the future development related decision.
Key terms of communication -
 Empathy – These kind of communications are basically uses to understand emotion and
feeling of each individual. Major used of these communication is to analyse issues of
those person who feel shy to talking about their disease and problems.
 Symbols – In this communication mode, conversation is held on the bases of item, image
or something else to represent ideas and thoughts easily.
 Formal communication – These types of terms are basically use n official purpose to
manage meaningful conversation between sender and receiver. All these procedures are
manageable and impactful.
1.3 Methods of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individual in
health and social care settings
Inappropriate interpersonal communication skill – This is most specific process which is uses
to exchanges ideas, feelings and messages on the bases of verbal and non-verbal communication
methods. This method is not determine that what is said to others but also the gesture of sender,
facial expression, language, way of talking and conversation words as well. It is a face to face
communication method that elaborate messages and information to each other in direct manner.
For ex., the different aspects which are covered under inappropriate interpersonal
communication includes yelling, threatening, body language, rude behaviour, abusive language
etc.
Barriers to communication -
 Inappropriate language – For a effective and impactful communication, it is required to
use appropriate language that describe proper messages to receiver. In health and social
care sector, these kind of barriers impacts overall communication procedure between
service provider and receiver (Street, Gold and Manning, 2013).
 Inappropriate messages – It is a most important factor which is consist proper
information for communication. These messages should have to be clear and meaningful
that assist to represent sender's emotion and information in a proper way. Inappropriate
messages can maximise misunderstanding and conflicts.
 Breach of confidentiality – In health and social care organisations, some communication
methods are basically uses to create confidentiality. Ineffective and inappropriate
communication can breach confidentiality in health and social care sector. So for this,
employees should have to use effective methods and modes to create higher
confidentiality. Written communication is also a most specific method that helps to
manage proper record and its confidentiality (Dy and Purnell, 2012).
or something else to represent ideas and thoughts easily.
 Formal communication – These types of terms are basically use n official purpose to
manage meaningful conversation between sender and receiver. All these procedures are
manageable and impactful.
1.3 Methods of dealing with inappropriate interpersonal communication between individual in
health and social care settings
Inappropriate interpersonal communication skill – This is most specific process which is uses
to exchanges ideas, feelings and messages on the bases of verbal and non-verbal communication
methods. This method is not determine that what is said to others but also the gesture of sender,
facial expression, language, way of talking and conversation words as well. It is a face to face
communication method that elaborate messages and information to each other in direct manner.
For ex., the different aspects which are covered under inappropriate interpersonal
communication includes yelling, threatening, body language, rude behaviour, abusive language
etc.
Barriers to communication -
 Inappropriate language – For a effective and impactful communication, it is required to
use appropriate language that describe proper messages to receiver. In health and social
care sector, these kind of barriers impacts overall communication procedure between
service provider and receiver (Street, Gold and Manning, 2013).
 Inappropriate messages – It is a most important factor which is consist proper
information for communication. These messages should have to be clear and meaningful
that assist to represent sender's emotion and information in a proper way. Inappropriate
messages can maximise misunderstanding and conflicts.
 Breach of confidentiality – In health and social care organisations, some communication
methods are basically uses to create confidentiality. Ineffective and inappropriate
communication can breach confidentiality in health and social care sector. So for this,
employees should have to use effective methods and modes to create higher
confidentiality. Written communication is also a most specific method that helps to
manage proper record and its confidentiality (Dy and Purnell, 2012).
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 Breach of trust – A positive Communication always helps to build trust and positive
relation between different individual. This is a most effective methods that is basically
uses communicate ideas and thoughts to each others. Inappropriate communication form
gap in trust and relation between sender and receiver.
Different methods used to deal with inappropriate communication
It is important for organisation is to adopt adequate measures which provides the
opportunity to effectively deals with the measures which causes inappropriate communication.
The point which helps in promoting effective communication is defined below:
Promoting effective communication: It is the duty of manager of organisation is to
promote effective measures which helps in improvement of communication. This will provides
the opportunity to maintain confidentiality of information.
Measuring effectiveness of interpersonal communication: The aspects which provides
the opportunity is to effectively measure the communication includes listening, monitoring
verbal feedback attained from observer. This will provides the opportunity in the process of
removal of unwanted aspects which effects communication process.
1.4 Use of strategies to support users of health and social care services with communication need
In health and social care organisation, communication play a most important role in order
to provide appropriate services to clients and disable person. On the bases of effective
conversation, service provider can easily analyse patient's issues and their problems to provide
them proper treatment easily. There are Areas of communication by the uses of specific
strategies are given below-
 Disability – In health and social care organisations, communication play a most important
role. For instance, if a person is disable and suffering from any disease then doctor can
use facial expression, sign language and can use visual conference to communicate with
them properly and understand a disease by providing them proper treatment in effective
manner. This will help them to know about a disease to a disable person (American
Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016).
 Literacy – This includes the literacy level of an individual that how they would know
about the current affairs. It involves specific material to communicate with them and get
able to know about the topic. Using authenticated information at the time of
relation between different individual. This is a most effective methods that is basically
uses communicate ideas and thoughts to each others. Inappropriate communication form
gap in trust and relation between sender and receiver.
Different methods used to deal with inappropriate communication
It is important for organisation is to adopt adequate measures which provides the
opportunity to effectively deals with the measures which causes inappropriate communication.
The point which helps in promoting effective communication is defined below:
Promoting effective communication: It is the duty of manager of organisation is to
promote effective measures which helps in improvement of communication. This will provides
the opportunity to maintain confidentiality of information.
Measuring effectiveness of interpersonal communication: The aspects which provides
the opportunity is to effectively measure the communication includes listening, monitoring
verbal feedback attained from observer. This will provides the opportunity in the process of
removal of unwanted aspects which effects communication process.
1.4 Use of strategies to support users of health and social care services with communication need
In health and social care organisation, communication play a most important role in order
to provide appropriate services to clients and disable person. On the bases of effective
conversation, service provider can easily analyse patient's issues and their problems to provide
them proper treatment easily. There are Areas of communication by the uses of specific
strategies are given below-
 Disability – In health and social care organisations, communication play a most important
role. For instance, if a person is disable and suffering from any disease then doctor can
use facial expression, sign language and can use visual conference to communicate with
them properly and understand a disease by providing them proper treatment in effective
manner. This will help them to know about a disease to a disable person (American
Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016).
 Literacy – This includes the literacy level of an individual that how they would know
about the current affairs. It involves specific material to communicate with them and get
able to know about the topic. Using authenticated information at the time of
communicating with a literate person. An information should be related to a in a specific
so that a client may able to understand it properly.
 Language – In health and social care sector, it is require to use most familiar and
meaningful language to communicate properly with services users and patients. A
language can be distinguish for a normal and disable person that should have to be
effective and impactful. In this procedure, employees of health care industry needs to use
such languages as symbols and Makaton for disable person as well as positive verbal
communication for others.
 Gender – In health and social care organisation, it is require to provide appropriate
treatment and service to patients without any partiality and complexity. In this case it is
important to keep confidentiality of records to each individual about their disease and
issues. On the base of NHS act 2006 under the section of 251 employees of health and
social care sectors never used disclosed information about gender of the services user and
their personal issues as well as information (Liaw and et. al., 2014).
 Critical situations – It is all depends on a situation in which an individual suffer from as
psychological and physiological problems. By taking above example, if a patient's
condition is critical, therefore doctor should have to use a effective communication
method to collaborate with them and their family members easily. In this situation, they
can use gesture, facial expression and impactful language for communication.
 Remote location – It is required that health care services are provided to different
locations on the bases of clients requirement. In this procedure, effective communication
play a most important role in order to analyse highly affective areas.
 Culture – For service provider, it is require to analyse culture of their clients to provide
them appropriate services easily. In this process, communication play a most important
role in order to understand cultural values and beliefs.
Communication strategies -
 Facial expressions and gesture – This is a most effective communication method in which
an individual can easily communicate with other through their facial expression and
gestures as well.
so that a client may able to understand it properly.
 Language – In health and social care sector, it is require to use most familiar and
meaningful language to communicate properly with services users and patients. A
language can be distinguish for a normal and disable person that should have to be
effective and impactful. In this procedure, employees of health care industry needs to use
such languages as symbols and Makaton for disable person as well as positive verbal
communication for others.
 Gender – In health and social care organisation, it is require to provide appropriate
treatment and service to patients without any partiality and complexity. In this case it is
important to keep confidentiality of records to each individual about their disease and
issues. On the base of NHS act 2006 under the section of 251 employees of health and
social care sectors never used disclosed information about gender of the services user and
their personal issues as well as information (Liaw and et. al., 2014).
 Critical situations – It is all depends on a situation in which an individual suffer from as
psychological and physiological problems. By taking above example, if a patient's
condition is critical, therefore doctor should have to use a effective communication
method to collaborate with them and their family members easily. In this situation, they
can use gesture, facial expression and impactful language for communication.
 Remote location – It is required that health care services are provided to different
locations on the bases of clients requirement. In this procedure, effective communication
play a most important role in order to analyse highly affective areas.
 Culture – For service provider, it is require to analyse culture of their clients to provide
them appropriate services easily. In this process, communication play a most important
role in order to understand cultural values and beliefs.
Communication strategies -
 Facial expressions and gesture – This is a most effective communication method in which
an individual can easily communicate with other through their facial expression and
gestures as well.
ď‚· Picture and symbols- In some special case, health care organisations takes helps of
symbols and picture to communicate easily with their clients. This is a most expressive
way of conversation.
 Specific techniques – In health care sector, services providers faces lots of difficulties to
communicate disable clients so for this they uses some specific techniques to understand
their issues and problem easily.
 Videos and practical demonstration – This is a most advance technique in which service
provider explain their ideas and thought through videos and presentations. Through this,
they easily provide particular information to others about specific disease and research.
 Language and cultural interpreters – Language and culture can be a barrier in
communication process. So in health care organisation, it is required to hire a language
translator who can easily interpret conversation between two service provider and clients.
 Augmentative communication – These type of communication method are basically uses
in some special cases in which service user can be blind or deaf. So for this, service
provide communicate with them through Auslan and Makaton symbols.
TASK 2
2.1 How a communication process is influenced by values and culture factors
In this defined that communication is very helpful and most important components for
every business organisation in each sector. It is related with language of people which are
different as per their culture and counties as well. It is directly related with culture and values of
every individual within an organisation. Therefore, it can be analysed that the values and cultures
defines the norms and beliefs as how they give respects to the others beliefs, viewpoints and
opinions regarding particular topic so that effective communication process can be formulated in
an effective manner (Purnell, 2014).
Culture: It may be considered as the people's way of life as well as how they do
something as per their culture. Different group of people have different cultures. In this included
various components such as values, beliefs, behaviours, languages, apparels, fine and arts and
attitudes of the people as per their culture.
symbols and picture to communicate easily with their clients. This is a most expressive
way of conversation.
 Specific techniques – In health care sector, services providers faces lots of difficulties to
communicate disable clients so for this they uses some specific techniques to understand
their issues and problem easily.
 Videos and practical demonstration – This is a most advance technique in which service
provider explain their ideas and thought through videos and presentations. Through this,
they easily provide particular information to others about specific disease and research.
 Language and cultural interpreters – Language and culture can be a barrier in
communication process. So in health care organisation, it is required to hire a language
translator who can easily interpret conversation between two service provider and clients.
 Augmentative communication – These type of communication method are basically uses
in some special cases in which service user can be blind or deaf. So for this, service
provide communicate with them through Auslan and Makaton symbols.
TASK 2
2.1 How a communication process is influenced by values and culture factors
In this defined that communication is very helpful and most important components for
every business organisation in each sector. It is related with language of people which are
different as per their culture and counties as well. It is directly related with culture and values of
every individual within an organisation. Therefore, it can be analysed that the values and cultures
defines the norms and beliefs as how they give respects to the others beliefs, viewpoints and
opinions regarding particular topic so that effective communication process can be formulated in
an effective manner (Purnell, 2014).
Culture: It may be considered as the people's way of life as well as how they do
something as per their culture. Different group of people have different cultures. In this included
various components such as values, beliefs, behaviours, languages, apparels, fine and arts and
attitudes of the people as per their culture.
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Values may be concern with any importance of some things or actions for the purpose of
finding the best ways for living through different actions in more effective manner. It generally
defines the actions including objects as well as putting values to them as well.
They both play vital role ins making an appropriate communication process as if it is not
effective than it can hamper the procedures of communication at large scale. As per the case
study, it can be said that every people follows their culture and values which are different from
each others (Knott and Scragg, 2016). It can create discriminations due to cultural differences
which are based on caste, gender, sex, religions and people's behaviours so it also impacts on the
communication process at several ways. As per the given case study, it can be examine that
Muslim community people prefer HALAL foods rather than other just because of cultures so it is
necessary to understand their preferences and provide them better quality of services for their
satisfactions. This must be considered in the health and care centres as they can observes patients
culture as well as sub culture so that they can improve their health issues or problems. On the
other side, Hindu prefer VEGAN foods so they do not consider any halal or kosher that should
also requires to
NHS is using various process of communication for providing appropriate informations
so that every individual feel ethical and good by avoiding the thinking of discriminations within
the firms.
2.2 How legislation, charters an code of practices impact on the communication process
Legislation is the appropriate set of laws which has been develop and made by authorities or
house of parliament, it is operating and regulating how people can improving and surviving their
life and also determine effective policies in given framework. Such type of factors are high
impact in shaping the communication process and activities of people in health and social care.
An instance, Data Protection act 1998 control and regulate how a person getting accurate data
and information which can be used by an enterprise, government or business. The essential legal
data can be impact on that way where they can easily interacting with their service user properly.
Confidentiality is that law which determine that information provide through computer,
paper, audio, video recorded that does not discovered to any one without in the context of
patients (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2016). As a healthcare
worker, they need to follow four requirement which help in protecting the patients data and
information, informing the patients on how such data and information is going to be used. As a
finding the best ways for living through different actions in more effective manner. It generally
defines the actions including objects as well as putting values to them as well.
They both play vital role ins making an appropriate communication process as if it is not
effective than it can hamper the procedures of communication at large scale. As per the case
study, it can be said that every people follows their culture and values which are different from
each others (Knott and Scragg, 2016). It can create discriminations due to cultural differences
which are based on caste, gender, sex, religions and people's behaviours so it also impacts on the
communication process at several ways. As per the given case study, it can be examine that
Muslim community people prefer HALAL foods rather than other just because of cultures so it is
necessary to understand their preferences and provide them better quality of services for their
satisfactions. This must be considered in the health and care centres as they can observes patients
culture as well as sub culture so that they can improve their health issues or problems. On the
other side, Hindu prefer VEGAN foods so they do not consider any halal or kosher that should
also requires to
NHS is using various process of communication for providing appropriate informations
so that every individual feel ethical and good by avoiding the thinking of discriminations within
the firms.
2.2 How legislation, charters an code of practices impact on the communication process
Legislation is the appropriate set of laws which has been develop and made by authorities or
house of parliament, it is operating and regulating how people can improving and surviving their
life and also determine effective policies in given framework. Such type of factors are high
impact in shaping the communication process and activities of people in health and social care.
An instance, Data Protection act 1998 control and regulate how a person getting accurate data
and information which can be used by an enterprise, government or business. The essential legal
data can be impact on that way where they can easily interacting with their service user properly.
Confidentiality is that law which determine that information provide through computer,
paper, audio, video recorded that does not discovered to any one without in the context of
patients (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2016). As a healthcare
worker, they need to follow four requirement which help in protecting the patients data and
information, informing the patients on how such data and information is going to be used. As a
nurse, doctors or healthcare assistant which provide services user appropriate right which assist
in finding out accurate information and data for government and other company in proper
manner.
Along with this, health care professional has been aware about such data protection act. A
health care worker and professional main duty is to obey the legal laws for encouraging,
maintaining good or effective safe working practices and exercises which promote respect,
dignity and choices toward others. The above described legislation, code of conduct and charters
assist in avoiding discrimination and abuses. Therefore, these factors will help in effectively
processing the communication in health and social care setting that assist in developing or
formulating best quality services or facilities in proper way (Maslach and Jackson, 2013).
In addition to this, poor and low understanding or evaluation of laws that can lead
towards discrimination and disempowerment of such service user which provide accurate result
in an organisation which are getting bad goodwill and for an enterprise for closing down. For
evaluating and understanding the effective codes, law, rules and charters that will directly affect
that health services can be delivered to the common public. As a healthcare worker and
professional, they required duty or responsibility is to obey the laws and motivate, maintaining
good safe working practices that boosting towards appropriate quality, esteem and dignity in
proper manner (Fine and Beck, 2015).
2.3 Effectiveness of organisational system and policies in promoting good communication
Health and social care used ICT (Information and communication Technology) which is help in
developing, managing and supporting of ICT infrastructure in health organisation that includes
email, personal computers and mobile interactions or communication in better manner with one
person to another. There are various policy under Ashleigh Court Rest Home that are described
as follows:
 Whistle Blowing Policy – This is that document which has written for complying with
Public Interest Disclosure Act, 1998 that was introduced for protecting staff members
about wrongful work or task. The impact of this policy is directly on the reputation of
Ashleigh Court Rest Home, other staff members, residents, visitors and any other
enterprise and connected with an individual. The policy outline effective communication
and openness of commitment in better manner.
in finding out accurate information and data for government and other company in proper
manner.
Along with this, health care professional has been aware about such data protection act. A
health care worker and professional main duty is to obey the legal laws for encouraging,
maintaining good or effective safe working practices and exercises which promote respect,
dignity and choices toward others. The above described legislation, code of conduct and charters
assist in avoiding discrimination and abuses. Therefore, these factors will help in effectively
processing the communication in health and social care setting that assist in developing or
formulating best quality services or facilities in proper way (Maslach and Jackson, 2013).
In addition to this, poor and low understanding or evaluation of laws that can lead
towards discrimination and disempowerment of such service user which provide accurate result
in an organisation which are getting bad goodwill and for an enterprise for closing down. For
evaluating and understanding the effective codes, law, rules and charters that will directly affect
that health services can be delivered to the common public. As a healthcare worker and
professional, they required duty or responsibility is to obey the laws and motivate, maintaining
good safe working practices that boosting towards appropriate quality, esteem and dignity in
proper manner (Fine and Beck, 2015).
2.3 Effectiveness of organisational system and policies in promoting good communication
Health and social care used ICT (Information and communication Technology) which is help in
developing, managing and supporting of ICT infrastructure in health organisation that includes
email, personal computers and mobile interactions or communication in better manner with one
person to another. There are various policy under Ashleigh Court Rest Home that are described
as follows:
 Whistle Blowing Policy – This is that document which has written for complying with
Public Interest Disclosure Act, 1998 that was introduced for protecting staff members
about wrongful work or task. The impact of this policy is directly on the reputation of
Ashleigh Court Rest Home, other staff members, residents, visitors and any other
enterprise and connected with an individual. The policy outline effective communication
and openness of commitment in better manner.
 Bullying in the workplace – This is that policy where Ashleigh Court Rest Home believe
that all employees have right to do all work in external surroundings which is free from
bullying, harassment and aggression from management or colleagues. It will help in
identifying that all employees who feel compromising, powerful and persecuted which
will not capable for provide their best work in Ashleigh Court Rest Home (Ussher and et.
al., 2013).
 Prevention of accidents – The Ashleigh Court Rest Home should accepts the duties and
responsibilities to make sure that all reasonable stages and precautions which are taken in
providing and maintaining safe or healthy working environment that are fully complying
with statutory code of practices or requirements in better manner. The Ashleigh Court
Rest Home totally support and complies with correct rules and regulations that are
associated with promotion and protection of the safety, health and welfare services or
facilities staff members. This will directly impact on policies and strategies that can be
used for maintaining all accidents.
2.4 Ways of improving the communication process in health and social care settings
There are 13 ways through which they can improving communication in HSC which are
described as under:
 Provision of security information – This is necessary for communication process is to
protecting unlicensed access, use, revealing, alterations, modification of specific
information.
 Provision of dynamic and sustainable rules – It is essential provision which help in
developing and making dynamic regulations or rules in better way. The healthcare
service provider assist in making effective rules for maintaining their patients details and
information in appropriate manner (Holland, 2017).
 Provision of technological aids – In this, technology will help HSC for maintaining and
controlling all major process or structure in appropriate way. The advancement of
technology and methods will assist in maintaining all business operations and functions
in effectively.
 Using special systems – RIO is the trusted and robust electronic patient record solution
which can be used by large number of health care professional which help in improving
best quality based services of care, medical institution safety and persevering experience.
that all employees have right to do all work in external surroundings which is free from
bullying, harassment and aggression from management or colleagues. It will help in
identifying that all employees who feel compromising, powerful and persecuted which
will not capable for provide their best work in Ashleigh Court Rest Home (Ussher and et.
al., 2013).
 Prevention of accidents – The Ashleigh Court Rest Home should accepts the duties and
responsibilities to make sure that all reasonable stages and precautions which are taken in
providing and maintaining safe or healthy working environment that are fully complying
with statutory code of practices or requirements in better manner. The Ashleigh Court
Rest Home totally support and complies with correct rules and regulations that are
associated with promotion and protection of the safety, health and welfare services or
facilities staff members. This will directly impact on policies and strategies that can be
used for maintaining all accidents.
2.4 Ways of improving the communication process in health and social care settings
There are 13 ways through which they can improving communication in HSC which are
described as under:
 Provision of security information – This is necessary for communication process is to
protecting unlicensed access, use, revealing, alterations, modification of specific
information.
 Provision of dynamic and sustainable rules – It is essential provision which help in
developing and making dynamic regulations or rules in better way. The healthcare
service provider assist in making effective rules for maintaining their patients details and
information in appropriate manner (Holland, 2017).
 Provision of technological aids – In this, technology will help HSC for maintaining and
controlling all major process or structure in appropriate way. The advancement of
technology and methods will assist in maintaining all business operations and functions
in effectively.
 Using special systems – RIO is the trusted and robust electronic patient record solution
which can be used by large number of health care professional which help in improving
best quality based services of care, medical institution safety and persevering experience.
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 Training of staff – The healthcare professional need to train their staff members for
increasing their skills and abilities in better manner. If they are conducting appropriate
training and development program which help their staff members for enhancing the level
of income and profit (Harriss, MacSween and Atkinson, 2017).
 Hiring competent staff – HSC are selecting and hiring those staff which help them in
improving their communication practices or process in proper way. This is that method
that will assist in effectively care of those people who are injured from diseases.
 Using powers of Care Quality Commission (CQC) – This is the executive non
department public authority of the Health and social care department that is located in
united kingdom. It as power to regulate all systems and policies effectively.
ď‚· Different methods of communication for satisfy service users communication needs -
they are using various source of communication for satisfy their service users for
fulfilling all demand or needs of communication in better way.
 Facilities to service user – It is necessary for HSC is to provide accurate services and
facilities to the patients in appropriately.
 Promoting openness in communication practices – They need to promote openness in
their communication practices or process for increasing staff members skills or abilities.
 Promoting sharing assessment – They also require to promote sharing assessment is to
carry out effective policies and strategies in better manner.
 Using active listening skills – They require to listening skills and abilities for managing
all business operations in active way of an organisation.
 Dealing with multilingual society – They are mainly dealing with multilingual
community or society which are using more than one language, by a person speakers and
by society of speakers (Green and Thorogood, 2018).
TASK 3
3.1 Use ICT software packages to support work in health and social care
In health and social care sector, Information communication technology is works an most
effective and impactful tool to manage activities and informations in proper way. In this
procedure, different ICT software packages are available to support organisational activities in
effective manner. These tools and techniques can be power point presentation, word processor,
increasing their skills and abilities in better manner. If they are conducting appropriate
training and development program which help their staff members for enhancing the level
of income and profit (Harriss, MacSween and Atkinson, 2017).
 Hiring competent staff – HSC are selecting and hiring those staff which help them in
improving their communication practices or process in proper way. This is that method
that will assist in effectively care of those people who are injured from diseases.
 Using powers of Care Quality Commission (CQC) – This is the executive non
department public authority of the Health and social care department that is located in
united kingdom. It as power to regulate all systems and policies effectively.
ď‚· Different methods of communication for satisfy service users communication needs -
they are using various source of communication for satisfy their service users for
fulfilling all demand or needs of communication in better way.
 Facilities to service user – It is necessary for HSC is to provide accurate services and
facilities to the patients in appropriately.
 Promoting openness in communication practices – They need to promote openness in
their communication practices or process for increasing staff members skills or abilities.
 Promoting sharing assessment – They also require to promote sharing assessment is to
carry out effective policies and strategies in better manner.
 Using active listening skills – They require to listening skills and abilities for managing
all business operations in active way of an organisation.
 Dealing with multilingual society – They are mainly dealing with multilingual
community or society which are using more than one language, by a person speakers and
by society of speakers (Green and Thorogood, 2018).
TASK 3
3.1 Use ICT software packages to support work in health and social care
In health and social care sector, Information communication technology is works an most
effective and impactful tool to manage activities and informations in proper way. In this
procedure, different ICT software packages are available to support organisational activities in
effective manner. These tools and techniques can be power point presentation, word processor,
spreadsheet and different monitoring process. Main objective of this process is to provide
advance services to clients in effective manner. All these activities are very beneficial in order to
analysing disease and problems of an individual that are hard to identify. ICT is a most
supportive and impactful tool for health and social care sector. It is also uses to getting instant
information to one place to another because it is snot possible to access all the activities at one
specific place. Through this, health care employees can easily build direct connect with others to
transforming information from several places. Services users can also get concern and advise
from their care taker to one place to another (Golightley and Goemans, 2017). All these activities
are basically uses to manage facilities and information in appropriate way. Some of the effective
tools of ICT procedures are Social media, web processing, searching engines and word
processors. Different health care organisations are basically uses I-clouds services in their
organisational activities to getting maximum business advantages easily. Main objective of this
ICT software package is to data protection and management for getting proper information at
long term period. Government of UK is also regulate different legislation for data protection
activities to manage them in effective manner. Health care employees and organisation can not
disclose information of any individual and their disease. Through this, they can easily build
positive and confidential relation with service users to provide effective health care treatment to
them. These are the most effective mode of transforming information and services to different
persons in positive and impactful manner.
3.2 Benefits of using ICT in health and social care for user of services
In health and social care organisation information communication technology has vast
impact that is basically uses to provide effectiveness easily. It is very beneficial for employees,
services users and providers. Through this, they can easily communicate to each others in
positive manner (Staniszewska and et. al., 2012).
Benefits of ICT in health and social care -
 Cost effective – Information communication technology is one of the effective and
impactful procedure that helps to build positive relation with service user. It is a cost
effective method which is helps to determine positive outcomes of several issues and
problems. NHS implement such major techniques for health care effectiveness of clients.
 Time effective – By implementing such activities, health care organisation can easily
manage time and cost in effective manner. This is a time effective process because
advance services to clients in effective manner. All these activities are very beneficial in order to
analysing disease and problems of an individual that are hard to identify. ICT is a most
supportive and impactful tool for health and social care sector. It is also uses to getting instant
information to one place to another because it is snot possible to access all the activities at one
specific place. Through this, health care employees can easily build direct connect with others to
transforming information from several places. Services users can also get concern and advise
from their care taker to one place to another (Golightley and Goemans, 2017). All these activities
are basically uses to manage facilities and information in appropriate way. Some of the effective
tools of ICT procedures are Social media, web processing, searching engines and word
processors. Different health care organisations are basically uses I-clouds services in their
organisational activities to getting maximum business advantages easily. Main objective of this
ICT software package is to data protection and management for getting proper information at
long term period. Government of UK is also regulate different legislation for data protection
activities to manage them in effective manner. Health care employees and organisation can not
disclose information of any individual and their disease. Through this, they can easily build
positive and confidential relation with service users to provide effective health care treatment to
them. These are the most effective mode of transforming information and services to different
persons in positive and impactful manner.
3.2 Benefits of using ICT in health and social care for user of services
In health and social care organisation information communication technology has vast
impact that is basically uses to provide effectiveness easily. It is very beneficial for employees,
services users and providers. Through this, they can easily communicate to each others in
positive manner (Staniszewska and et. al., 2012).
Benefits of ICT in health and social care -
 Cost effective – Information communication technology is one of the effective and
impactful procedure that helps to build positive relation with service user. It is a cost
effective method which is helps to determine positive outcomes of several issues and
problems. NHS implement such major techniques for health care effectiveness of clients.
 Time effective – By implementing such activities, health care organisation can easily
manage time and cost in effective manner. This is a time effective process because
through this organisation can easily manage their business approaches to getting desirable
benefits and outcomes. All these activities resolve issues and problems of different clients
in most impactful manner.
 Easy for health care professional – Health care professional can easily their activities in
most effective manner to getting specific skill and approaches. By using these methods,
health care professional can easily analyse issues and disease of different clients to
provide them appropriate services and treatments. Through this they can easily operate
with other professional to getting proper information in effective manner (Jeffreys, 2015).
Limitation of ICT in health and social care -
 Data protection issues – This is a most effective methods but there can be different issues
and barriers can arises that can impact overall activities of this process. Data protection is
one most weak point of this process because in this, it is hard to manage to manage data
in effective manner and for a long period.
 Technical knowledge is required – Before implementing ICT in a health and social care
sector, it is hard to manage skills and abilities of employees because these type of
advancements are require proper knowledge of such programs. For this firm needs to
conduct proper training and learning session for their employees to enhance their skills
and maximise their knowledge in effective manner.
 System breakdown – A effective information communication technological procedure is
require proper system and manageable techniques to getting desirable outcomes easily.
This is a major weak point of this process because in it health and social care
organisation needs to provide proper efforts in effective manner.
3.3 How legal consideration in the use of ICT impact of health and social care
In health and social care organisation, it is require to consider legality in effective
manner. These legislation are basically regulated for different act and working activities in health
and social care organisations. Government of UK regulate different legislation for particular
treatments and information communication technology (Cole and Bird, 2013). There are
different legislations are determine below for use of ICT impact of health and social care -
Data protection act 1998 – As per the the government of UK rules, health and social
care organisation needs to keep data protect of clients and service users to make them protective
benefits and outcomes. All these activities resolve issues and problems of different clients
in most impactful manner.
 Easy for health care professional – Health care professional can easily their activities in
most effective manner to getting specific skill and approaches. By using these methods,
health care professional can easily analyse issues and disease of different clients to
provide them appropriate services and treatments. Through this they can easily operate
with other professional to getting proper information in effective manner (Jeffreys, 2015).
Limitation of ICT in health and social care -
 Data protection issues – This is a most effective methods but there can be different issues
and barriers can arises that can impact overall activities of this process. Data protection is
one most weak point of this process because in this, it is hard to manage to manage data
in effective manner and for a long period.
 Technical knowledge is required – Before implementing ICT in a health and social care
sector, it is hard to manage skills and abilities of employees because these type of
advancements are require proper knowledge of such programs. For this firm needs to
conduct proper training and learning session for their employees to enhance their skills
and maximise their knowledge in effective manner.
 System breakdown – A effective information communication technological procedure is
require proper system and manageable techniques to getting desirable outcomes easily.
This is a major weak point of this process because in it health and social care
organisation needs to provide proper efforts in effective manner.
3.3 How legal consideration in the use of ICT impact of health and social care
In health and social care organisation, it is require to consider legality in effective
manner. These legislation are basically regulated for different act and working activities in health
and social care organisations. Government of UK regulate different legislation for particular
treatments and information communication technology (Cole and Bird, 2013). There are
different legislations are determine below for use of ICT impact of health and social care -
Data protection act 1998 – As per the the government of UK rules, health and social
care organisation needs to keep data protect of clients and service users to make them protective
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in effective. This is used to control and regulate how a person keep data and information
protectively which can be used by an enterprise, government or business.
Health and safety act 1974 – This act is basically used to manage things positively that
are related to clients data and information. Breach of confidentiality and trust can be a major
factors and issue that should have to be manageable under the effective regulations and rules.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it has been summarised that health and social care sector is one of
the fast services provider sector that is basically helps to analysing issues and problems of an
individual to provide them proper treatment easily. In this process, employees of health care
sector are uses effective communication to build positive connection with their clients.
Communication is a most simple and effective way that uses to build a positive relation between
two different individuals. By using such skills and approaches, a person can easily resolve
conflicts and barriers in effective manner. Government of UK is also regulate different
legislation for different organisations and its care workers. All these sector institution needs to
implement them properly in their health care activities.
protectively which can be used by an enterprise, government or business.
Health and safety act 1974 – This act is basically used to manage things positively that
are related to clients data and information. Breach of confidentiality and trust can be a major
factors and issue that should have to be manageable under the effective regulations and rules.
CONCLUSION
As per the above report it has been summarised that health and social care sector is one of
the fast services provider sector that is basically helps to analysing issues and problems of an
individual to provide them proper treatment easily. In this process, employees of health care
sector are uses effective communication to build positive connection with their clients.
Communication is a most simple and effective way that uses to build a positive relation between
two different individuals. By using such skills and approaches, a person can easily resolve
conflicts and barriers in effective manner. Government of UK is also regulate different
legislation for different organisations and its care workers. All these sector institution needs to
implement them properly in their health care activities.
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Green, J. and Thorogood, N., 2018. Qualitative methods for health research. Sage.
Books and Journals
Glasby, J. and Dickinson, H., 2014. Partnership working in health and social care: what is
integrated care and how can we deliver it?. Policy Press.
Brach, C., and et. al., 2012. Ten attributes of health literate health care organizations(pp. 1-26).
Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.
Ginter, P.M., Duncan, W.J. and Swayne, L.E., 2018.The strategic management of health care
organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
Gunster, S., 2017. This changes everything: Capitalism vs the climate.
Straus, S., Tetroe, J. and Graham, I.D. eds., 2013.Knowledge translation in health care: moving
from evidence to practice. John Wiley & Sons.
Courtney, K., 2013. The use of social media in healthcare: organizational, clinical, and patient
perspectives.Enabling health and healthcare through ICT: available, tailored and
closer,183, p.244.
Abrams, R.F., and et. al., 2012.Making healthy places: designing and building for health, well-
being, and sustainability. Island Press.
Szmukler, G. and Rose, N., 2013. Risk assessment in mental health care: Values and
costs.Behavioral sciences & the law.31(1). pp.125-140.
Street, R.L., Gold, W.R. and Manning, T.R. eds., 2013.Health promotion and interactive
technology: Theoretical applications and future directions. Routledge.
Dy, S.M. and Purnell, T.S., 2012. Key concepts relevant to quality of complex and shared
decision-making in health care: a literature review.Social science & medicine.74(4).
pp.582-587.
American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, 2016. Scope of practice in speech-language
pathology.
Liaw, S.Y., and et. al., 2014. An interprofessional communication training using simulation to
enhance safe care for a deteriorating patient.Nurse Education Today. 34(2). pp.259-264.
Purnell, L.D., 2014. Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis.
Knott, C. and Scragg, T. eds., 2016. Reflective practice in social work. Learning Matters.
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2016. Improving diagnosis in
health care. National Academies Press.
Maslach, C. and Jackson, S.E., 2013. A social psychological analysis. Social psychology of
health and illness, 227.
Fine, A.H. and Beck, A.M., 2015. Understanding Our Kinship with Animals: Input for Health
Care Professionals Interested in the Human–Animal Bond. In Handbook on Animal-
Assisted Therapy (Fourth Edition) (pp. 3-10).
Ussher, J.M., and et. al., 2013. Talking about sex after cancer: a discourse analytic study of
health care professional accounts of sexual communication with patients. Psychology &
health. 28(12). pp.1370-1390.
Holland, K., 2017. Cultural awareness in nursing and health care: an introductory text. CRC
Press.
Harriss, D.J., MacSween, A. and Atkinson, G., 2017. Standards for ethics in sport and exercise
science research: 2018 update. International journal of sports medicine. 38(14).
pp.1126-1131.
Green, J. and Thorogood, N., 2018. Qualitative methods for health research. Sage.
Golightley, M. and Goemans, R., 2017. Social work and mental health. Learning Matters.
Staniszewska, S., and et. al., 2012. Patient and public involvement in patient-reported outcome
measures. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Research. 5(2). pp.79-87.
Jeffreys, M.R., 2015. Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action,
and innovation. Springer Publishing Company.
Cole, S.A. and Bird, J., 2013. The Medical Interview E-Book: The Three Function Approach.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
Staniszewska, S., and et. al., 2012. Patient and public involvement in patient-reported outcome
measures. The Patient-Patient-Centered Outcomes Research. 5(2). pp.79-87.
Jeffreys, M.R., 2015. Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action,
and innovation. Springer Publishing Company.
Cole, S.A. and Bird, J., 2013. The Medical Interview E-Book: The Three Function Approach.
Elsevier Health Sciences.
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