Research Methodology and Knowledge Translation

This assignment is a detailed analysis of research methodology and knowledge translation. It covers various aspects of research design, including qualitative inquiry and post-occupancy evaluation. The document also discusses the role of knowledge brokers in improving knowledge and understanding of climate change in the Australian rangelands. Additionally, it provides information on quality models in online and open education, key performance indicators, and 5S as a quality improvement tool for sustainable performance.

Running head: COMMUNICATION IN QUALITY & TIMELY DELIVERY OF PROJECT
Evaluating the Significance of Communication in Maintaining Quality and
Timely Delivery of Project Activities
Part A

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COMMUNICATION IN QUALITY & TIMELY DELIVERY OF PROJECT
Table of Contents
Chapter: Literature review...............................................................................................................2
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................2
2.2 Conceptual framework...........................................................................................................2
2.3 Overview of communication process....................................................................................3
2.4 Models of communication.....................................................................................................3
2.5 Importance of applying effective communication in project.................................................5
2.5 Advantages of using effective communication in quality and timely delivery of project.....7
2.6 Challenges of practicing effective communication in organizations.....................................9
2.6 Summary..............................................................................................................................10
Chapter 3: Research methodology.................................................................................................11
3.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................11
3.2 Method outline.....................................................................................................................11
3.3 Research philosophy............................................................................................................12
3.4 Research approach...............................................................................................................13
3.5 Research design...................................................................................................................14
3.6 Data collection and analysis technique................................................................................14
3.8 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................15
3.9 Time Horizons.....................................................................................................................15
3.10 Chapter Summary..............................................................................................................15
References..................................................................................................................................16
Appendix....................................................................................................................................19

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Chapter: Literature review
2.1 Introduction
In this chapter of the research, secondary data are gathered from relevant secondary
sources. Overview of the communication process is discussed in this section of the study. In
addition, the impact of communication on quality and timely delivery of the project are described
in this section of the research. The challenges associated with active communication processing
are discussed in this chapter.
2.2 Conceptual framework

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2.3 Overview of the communication process
Preiser, White and Rabinowitz (2015) stated that communication is one of the most
necessary procedures in day-to-day life and across the world. It refers to exchanging information
from the point of the project to a different point in an effective way. Apart from this, it becomes
important to evaluate the role of communication in managing quality and timely delivery of the
project. With the rapid development of science and technology, communication becomes a
necessary tool in project management. The success of a project depends on the efficiency of the
communication network. It starts working from the first day of the project and continues for the
entire life of the project. In addition, communication provides a regular update to notify the
status of the project. However, it has been found that most of the projects have experience in the
breakdown of communication. There is 90% time of the project managers spent communicating
the status of work.
In order to communicate effectively, the project managers need a proper understanding of
the communication process along with relevant factors (Kim, Goodwin & Kim, 2017). The
communication process needs a sender and receiver, where the sender can formulate a message
for communication. On the other hand, the sender creates content with some intent in mind. The
receiver receives the message and deals with personal reactions. The person may accept, revise
or reject message. For instances, a project manager informs a customer.
2.4 Models of communication
It refers to the conceptual model used to describe human communication process. Claude
Elwood Shannon and Warren introduced the first model for communication. The original model
was designed for the functioning of radio as well as telephone technologies. The model consisted
three primary parts such as sender, the channel along with the receiver. In the model, the sender

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was the major part of the process. The communicators blame the audience for not accepting a
message. However, the sender encoding the procedure or channels is not applied correctly (Al-
Nady et al., 2016). The first model is missing and considered as a necessary step in the process
of communication and feedback. Without taking feedback, it cannot be understood that whether
the receiver gets and understand the message.
Overcoming the barriers to effective communication needs to do the following.
 Designing and delivering messages so that the communication process get proper
attention of the intended audience.
 It is related to the common experiences between source as well as the destination.
 Also, it offers a method for meeting personality that requires proper to the group
situation in the receiver at the time for responding.
On the other hand, from Wilbur Schramm, there is any meaning except people put into
the communication process (Healy, Forrest & Bastin, 2016). In order to understand human
communication procedure, it is required to understand the process of relating people to each
other. The modification of Schramm was added to the model in the context of relationship and
the process of relationship that will affect communicators. Moreover, the communication model
included the social environment.
Healy, Forrest and Bastin (2016) mentioned that the barriers to effective communication
consist of artificial censorship, gatekeepers, limitations of social contact and merger time to pay
attention. The seven Cs included in communication assists to overcome barriers include clarity,
content, credibility, continuity, capability, context and channels.

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There is an extra definition of communication considering the things that are highlighted.
It is a progression from attempting to define human communication by constructionist model.
Under this model, the process of communication is managed by itself. Hence, the substance for
communication theory can be achieved with the process. Apart from these, interactive model of
communication includes two linear models that are stacked on the top of each other. The model
is helpful to add feedback and helps the process (Tang, 2015). It can indicate that communication
is not considered as a one-way process; however, it is a two-way process. In addition, it includes
cultural background, extends to travel and ethnicity geographic location. On the contrary,
transaction model assumes that people are connected effectively by communication. They
involve in the process of the transaction and recognises that everybody participated in the
communication process is either sender or receiver. The model also includes ellipses, which can
symbolise communication environment.
Communication cycle is designed for the functioning of radio as well as telephone
technologies. In communication model, noise is inference with the process of decoding messages
sent over the channel by the encoder. There are several examples of noise like environmental
noise where noise disrupts the communication. The objective of communication explains the
specific objective that is accomplished through delivering the devices of communications
(Rashid et al. 2015). For instances, if any person is accountable to deliver a specific status of the
project, it is required to report to the managers of the project. In addition, the possible objective
for the scenario needs to review the report and make short-term targets.
2.5 Importance of applying effective communication in project
A current report had been set up for McDonald's the UK gives a foundation to understand
the importance of soft skills like communication to the UK economy. It demonstrates the

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essentialness of effective communication skills to be successful in the projects. Regarding
clients, the right individual expects help to ensure better extend comes about concerning higher
programming quality. However, ineffective communication leads to project failure. Hence, better
project management reduces the risk of in the project failure alongside interpretation for getting
result viewing ideal project results, for example, bring down expenses alongside the higher
fulfilment of customers (Jensen, 2015). High-performing organisations are having over 80%
achievement rate in their project about timely delivery on a budget as well as within the goals. In
addition, as far as project quality, it is required to depend on data concerning quality expectations
of the clients.
Figure 1: Major causes of project failure
(Source: Parmenter, 2015, p.524)
The above figure suggests that effect communication between the project members and
stakeholders of the project is the main cause of project failure. Balancing the elements of a

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project and people engaged with the project is troublesome for a project manager. However,
time, opportunity and individuals are required to manage properly, which is not easy for the
project managers. In this situation, project management training is one of the important measures
to overcome unexpected obstructions for the project managers. In addition, managing soft skills
and hard skills is a challenge for the project manager. Project managers confront a few
difficulties, out of which poor communication represents an essential stand. In opposite side, it
depends on the absence of stakeholder management, management of assets and missing due
dates of the project. In a report, it has been discovered that 48% organisations said that technical
skill is critical for a fruitful project, though 12% organizations trust that it is required to process
effective communication of a project (Ossiannilsson et al. 2015). In addition, in order to execute
viable communication design in an organisation, various difficulties like expenses for training
are confronted. Consequently, it is required to embrace viable compromise process with the goal
that the project management can make progress in the project.
2.5 Advantages of using effective communication in quality and timely delivery of the
project
Project managers require various skills to be capable successfully doing their works and
acquire extreme preferences both related organisations and project stakeholders (Randhawa, &
Ahuja, 2017). Boosting the expertise has an extraordinary effect on professional success
likewise. Similarly, communication as a powerful soft skill is useful for utilising as announcing
instruments, visit and record sharing.
Moreover, scheduling ability by making proper communication with the project
managers is useful to extend manager to make extend plans adequately with the goal that
projects should be possible in legitimate time. Risk management can be useful to control the

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project. It is a compelling method to ensure project sponsors. In addition, negotiation could be
helpful for maintaining a relationship with the supplier, which can be processed with effective
communication with the stakeholders involved in the project (Osadchyy & Webber, 2016). The
ability of contract management is valuable to keep up the organisation maintaining the good
relationship with the supplier. Alongside these, cost management, task management and critical
thinking would be useful to make progress in the project and maintaining the quality of the
project.
Figure 2: Importance of communication in project management
(Source: Giddens, Keller & Liesveld, 2015, p.450)
The above figure shows that high effective communication helps to meet the original
goals of the project. In addition, it assists to deliver the project on time and within the budget.
Effective and efficient communication change quality of the project. It is helpful to deliver
project even if the project involves the project. A project manager can mitigate risks through
ensuring that all stakeholders are aware of the situation in advance. It helps to manage the quality
of the project (Turk, France & Rumpe, 2014). However, there are several communication

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methods such as phone calls, emails, messenger chats and meetings. Hence, it is required to
select the right and suitable method for communication. Effective communication among the
team members of a group helps to communicate each other and helps to complete and deliver the
project on time. Project managers need communication plan that can be best suited for the
projects. The major elements of good communication plan include that schedule or frequency of
the meetings, status reports and communication medium. The project manager should spend
most of the times in communicating each other and make timely delivery of the project.
2.6 Challenges of practising effective communication in organisations
With a specific end goal to suggest project management soft skills, a few difficulties are
confronted. It has been seen that deficient skills are absent for the project. Lack of adequate
communication is one of the major causes in which people face difficulties. The absence of
responsibility is one of the major barriers confronted while implying effective communication in
the projects (Jones et al., 2015). Effective communication has a crucial part to affect the whole
organisation that might be influenced and engaged with the change. However, the essentialness
of communication is dismissed in a few projects. The absence of viable discussion prompts
disappointment in the project, while disappointment of keeping up sufficient data streams and
strife among the staffs of the project give a few issues to the project. It is likewise observed that a
significant number of the project managers neglect to comprehend the significance of powerful
communication design or disregard it as they consider every option expertise is the primary
components required for a fruitful project.
In addition, project organisations confront challenges in executing viable communication
design in the organization. Turk, France and Rumple (2014) remarked that the same number of
the project individuals has an absence of compelling, useful soft skills; it ends up hard to process

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important communication in the organization. The absence of assets like time and cash are
likewise the significant impediments to giving training to the project individuals with the goal
that they can take after legitimate communication design in the organisation.
2.6 Summary
The part talks about a review of project management communication. In addition, the
kinds of soft aptitudes are talked about in this section of the research. Moreover, connecting
between project management soft skills and achievement of the project is discussed in this part.
The discourse of the difficulties would be useful to give suggestions of the difficulties.

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Chapter: Research methodology
3.1 Introduction
The section incorporates distinctive methodological tools, for example, research design,
investigates approach and research philosophy is chosen. In addition, data collection and analysis
for the research are depicted in this part of the study. Choice of methodological research tools
and their justification is described in the segment of the study.
3.2 Method outline
Methodological tools Selected tools
Research philosophy Positivism philosophy
Research approach Deductive approach
Research design Descriptive design
Data collection process Secondary data collection
Data analysis method Qualitative analysis method
Table 1: Method outline
(Source: Created by author)
Research outline gives an overview of the philosophical apparatuses. Positivism
philosophy is chosen in the research. Deductive approach is taken after as positivism rationality
is selected in the research. The descriptive research design is chosen. A review is made to
accumulate data for the use of communication in project management. The researcher has chosen

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noteworthy books, journals and site for getting discretionary data for the research. Each point of
view is presented in the present area rapidly.
3.3 Research philosophy
Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault (2015) stated that post-positivism reasoning of the research
crosses check specific data of the study. The philosophy deals with theories of the study and
learning of the revelations of the data separated in the study. Post-positivism philosophy assists
with keeping up clearness of the research. In addition, realism philosophy deals the truth of focus
of the research.
Alongside these, inquire about philosophy is considered as a brief concerning the
methodology in which data concerning wonder ought to be collected, inspected and likewise
used. The essential purpose of selecting philosophy is considered as the strategy for changing the
perspectives (Brinkmann, 2014). Positivists have the conviction that in all actuality relentless,
watched, and cleared up from an objective viewpoint without making intruding with specific
wonders considered in the research. It attracts control of reality with different sorts of single free
powerfully that distinguishes regularities. Similarly, it makes organisation between some
constituent sections of the social world.
The justification for selecting the philosophy
The research relies upon the theoretical and functional perspective of reality. The chosen
theory urges the researcher to manage propelled thinking as for the research. It completes the
study with the help of genuine as well as crosschecked.

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3.4 Research approach
The research approach is divided into two sorts like inductive and deductive approach.
The deductive approach has intended to dismember the past speculations and models related to
the research (Lewis, 2015). On the contrary, the inductive approach has focused on conveying
new hypotheses according to the data assembled for the study. The deductive approach of the
research urges the analyst to lead the research authentically. The congruity of the hypothesis of
the study is considered as the real specific point amongst inductive and deductive approach to the
analysis. However, inductive approach in research can add to give rise seeing new hypotheses
and theories. In this perspective, inductive research starts with giving stunning substances and,
the research system is devoted to depiction.
The justification for the chosen approach
Discussion about research approaches is considered as an important piece of the research.
The system area of the study manages deductive approach, inductive and abductive approaches.
In research, if a course of action of hypothesis makes, it requires to affirm or dismiss at the
period of the research process. Assurance of deductive approach in research prompts discuss
with the theories, logic, discernment and assertion or rejection. On the other hand, inductive
approach oversees incorporation of specifying theory. It starts with the request of research and
has indicated and focuses on that require be refined in the midst of the research framework.
Abductive approach deals with the research method provided for the depiction of insufficient
recognition.

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3.5 Research design
The research design is divided into two sections, for example, qualitative and quantitative
research techniques. In any case, it has been contended that research design is referred as the
decision of specific parts of the research area (Flick, 2015). Exploratory research has not point
giving last and convincing responses to the research questions. In exploratory study, the research
reason for existing is to create insight knowledge identified with circumstance. However,
inconclusive research, it is required to check experiences and additionally help in choosing a
course of action. A critical analysis is accomplished with the assistance of design of the research.
Descriptive research design helps conduction of the research with more depiction through
putting point-by-point information of the research subject. It is fundamental to depict the entire
study with extra data concerning the purpose of the research.
Support for selected research design
In the present research, descriptive research design has been chosen. It analyses the topic
of the study. With the assistance of research design, general procedure chose by the researcher
will be useful to request to make integration of different parts and consistent way. Consequently,
it is required to ensure the selection of descriptive research design.
3.6 Data collection and analysis technique
Vaioleti (2016) mentioned that data collection is useful in research for getting raw
information from the respondents or secondary type of the research. Primary data are gathered
from online survey and interviews, though the secondary information is collected from a few
optional sources. In the study, secondary information has been gathered from books, journals and

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websites. Qualitative data analysis strategy has been utilised as a part of a request to dissect
information accumulated from the review.
3.8 Ethical considerations
The researcher to analyse the role of combination in managing quality and timely
delivery of project for acquiring accomplishment of the project attempted to take after good
thought, which can be useful in making standardisation of the subject. Any business data is kept
away from in the research. Likewise, there was no external influence on the research.
3.9 Time Horizons
(Refer to Appendix)
3.10 Chapter Summary
The section clarified a few devices of determination valuable for making a better analysis
of the research topic. The tools are used to investigate the significance of combination for
enhancing the quality and timely delivery of the project. Selection of the tools is used to give a
clear and right course for the research. Thus, it is required to select proper methodological tools
to carry forward the research in an appropriate way that is achieved in this section of the
research.

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Appendix
Table 2: Gantt chart