Employability Skills and Development

This assignment focuses on the concept of employability and its significance in modern career landscapes. It requires a critical review of relevant research articles spanning diverse aspects of employability, including skill development within work-integrated learning, the impact of English language proficiency on teachers' professional development, and the role of self-belief in enhancing employability in higher education. The review should synthesize insights from these studies and highlight promising avenues for future research.

Employability
and
Professional Development

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Reflection on own skills and competencies against professional standards and
organisational objectives........................................................................................................1
1.2 Evaluating development needs for the job role to work effectively ................................2
1.3 Personal and professional development plan based on job role.......................................3
1.4 Reflection on own development against objectives set in personal and professional
development plan....................................................................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Communication styles at various levels with line mangers , colleagues and the customers.6
2.2 Tools and techniques for effective time management......................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Team dynamics with the roles played by people..............................................................8
3.2 Alternative ways to complete tasks and achieve goals in the software development process
................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
4.1 Tools and methods for developing solutions for the problems that may occur in the
software project....................................................................................................................10
4.2 Strategy for resolving problems such as time management, human resource management,
budget management..............................................................................................................11
4.3 Evaluation of impact on the business of implementation of strategy.............................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
To accomplish objectives and targets of the organisation, employability and professional
skills are essential. These are helpful in decision making process, problem solving and time
management at workplace. Team work is essential at office to meet the goals of the company and
satisfy customers with the implementation of innovative approach. Soft skills help in satisfying
customers. It also enhances negotiation skills. While developing any project, every individual
has assigned responsibilities. Reflection on working as IT supervisor in CODA software
company has been illustrated (Alsop, 2013). Manager manages functioning of the organisation
which includes procedures for making decisions, distributing job role among team members of
the project, identification of resources required for project completion and arrangement of
training sessions as per the demand of the project. Strong communication and conflict resolution
abilities are required at workplace. The study will be focussed on analysis of tools and
techniques for time management, managing budget and human resources for the project
development process.
TASK 1
1.1 Reflection on own skills and competencies against professional standards and organisational
objectives Direct and Indirect relationship: I have worked with CODA which is a software
company in United Kingdom. I was assigned on the position of Manager. Working as a
manager requires various skills and traits with the objective of meeting goals and targets
of the company. I had several responsibilities which were required to be fulfilled by me
to manage working and team members of the organisation. IT manager has the
responsibility of team management of the project department either directly or indirectly
(Andersson and et.al., 2015). Reports are collected by the manager from every
department of IT firm and manages functioning of it. Personal responsibility: Manager has job role of creating job descriptions, reviewing
work activities and can hire and terminate employees. Communication is conducted to
ensure functions of the company run efficiently. A manager is required to possess team
building skills. It is also required to have abilities to resolve conflicts among team
members at workplace.
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 Decision making: Manger also participates in decision taking processes such as adoption
of new technology according to the current market trends. For acquiring new methods
and development tools market research is conducted by the manager to analyse
effectiveness of the methodologies in the business.
 Development of work role: IT manager also ensure learning from collaborative processes
among staff members of the firm (Baume and et.al., 2016). Learning is deployed among
all the team members in order to share information and knowledge that can be utilized in
betterment of the company. Legislation and rights and regulations of the employees are
also deployed by the manager. They make sure employees follow rules properly for the
proper functioning of the organisation. Ethics at workplace are very essential to consider
in the process of data collection from various processes like market research, interviews,
survey etc. manager manages rights of employment so that employees could be aware of
their rights which is beneficial in achieving organisational goals and objectives.
By analysing current skills, it has been found that for a manager there are various skills
which are needed to be posses by it which are listed above. By self assessment it has been
identified that I need to work on my decision making skills along with time management
capabilities. Within a firm it is required to have effective leaders who could manage work
properly and get it accomplished on time. Thus, for improving my skills I could attend training
sessions.
1.2 Evaluating development needs for the job role to work effectively
Evaluation of own development needs at workplace to work effectively being IT manager
is discussed below:
There are various personal skills required to work effectively in order to manage
functions of the organisation. Problem solving: Manager is required to possess abilities to solve problems and issues
occurred at workplace to manage functioning of the system properly. He/she should be
capable to take decisions according to the demand of the situation with the objective of
making profits for the firm. It is the responsibility of the manager of the firm to identify
root cause of the issues occurred at workplace and accordingly solve them. Many times,
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conflicts arise in between the employees due to mismatched opinions and perceptions
which should be handled by developing team culture values among them. Team building: Working within teams solves several problems which is not possible
when worked individually (Belova and et.al., 2015). Team building techniques should be
developed by the manager and should also encourage employees to work with another to
bring out creative and productive solutions. Team work enhances productivity. It also
helps in discovering areas which are not possible to think of when worked individually. Conflict management: When people work within teams, their views and opinions
conflicts which is very necessary to be managed. Effects of the conflicts get visible on
work if not managed properly. Thus, it is required for manger to have qualities of
managing conflicts among the employees.
 Communication skills: It is the most important quality required to be possessed by the
manager for efficient running of the business. Managers have responsibility to
communicate goals and objectives of the firm among the employees. Manager works as a
mediator between top level management and staff members of the company.
Along with personal skills, several professional skills are also required to be possessed by
the manager of the company. These are defined below:
 It is the responsibility of the manager to set and monitor performance objectives of the
employees so that their work can be tracked (Billett and et.al., 2014). The should also
have technical skills so that technology related works can be understood and necessary
decisions can be made.
 Managers have responsibility to record performance of the employees so that their
appraisals can be decided, bonus payments, requirement of training in specific area can
be identified, strengths and weaknesses can also be analysed.
 They should also motivate employees to enhance their performance and on the basis of
which they can be promoted. On the basis of performance. Incentives and rewards can be
given to the employees to motivate them to work more better.
Personal and professional skills can be developed by developing plans for personal
development, training sessions can also be attended. To develop technical skills seminars could
be attended. All such activities help in growth of the organisation.
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1.3 Personal and professional development plan based on job role
Table 1: Personal and professional development plan
Skills Development
Opportunities
Evidence Time Duration
required
Decision making skills My decision making
skill are not good. I am
required to indulge
into training sessions
where I could enhance
my decision making
capabilities.
Team Leaders could
help into it.
1 month
Time management Managers have job
responsibilities to
manage organizational
work effectively so
that it could be
completed within
given time frame. For
this, I could divide
tasks into teams so that
work gets completed
on time with
collaborative efforts of
all the individuals.
Director and Managers
could help into
managing time
effectively.
1.5 months
Communication skills I have good
communication skills
at individual level but
Group discussions and
members involved into
it could help for it.
2 months
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I hesitate when I have
to speak in front of so
many people. To deal
with given situation I
could attend group
discussions which
could help me to build
up my confidence
level.
Personal and professional development plan for the manager of the CODA software
company is defined below:
Current performance  It involves setting up responsibilities
for meeting objectives of the company.
 Performance can be tracked by
developing targets (Bryła, 2015).
 Current performance of IT manger can
be analyzed with the absolute
performance of the firm.
 Performance measures constitutes
market research, decision making
capabilities, data collection methods,
etc.
Future needs For CODA company future needs are
described below:
 Development of coordination between
employees and team members.
 With the advancement of technology,
changes are required to be implemented
in the existing methodologies.
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 Data is collected from several sources
such as market research, surveys etc.
 Decision-making is required for the
data gathered from several sources
(Smale and et.al., 2015).
Table 2: Performance and Future needs
SWOT analysis for the manager of IT company is given below:
Strength
 Capabilities to develop and manage
teams.
 Ability to resolve conflicts within team
members.
 Technical knowledge to incorporate
understanding of technology
advancement (Martin, 2015).
 To work within an organization,
planning is essential to meet objectives
of the company. Coordination among the employees to
enhance performance and productivity
of the firm.
Weakness
 Does not have enough knowledge about
the rights of employees.
 Lack of abilities of sharing knowledge
among its peers.
 Communication skills are not strong
which is basic requirement for the post
of Manager as he is responsible to share
objectives and goals of the company
within its team members.
Threats
 Due to employment legislation, there
could be unfavourable legal
implications.
 Abilities to share knowledge is not
strong which could require high amount
of expenses on the training.
 Absence of cross functional sharing of
Opportunities
 Human resources could be managed
effectively with the team development
skills according to the needs of the
venture.
 With the change in technology, changes
should be adopted so that which could
help in acquiring goals set by the
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information would lead to lesser
amount of knowledge generation within
the firm. When commutation skills are not strong
it does not create bonding between the
employees and people working within
teams.
company (The 10 Core Principles of a
Personal SWOT Analysis, 2015).
 Developed computer software helps in
accomplishing market research.
Table 3: SWOT Analysis of Manager
1.4 Reflection on own development against objectives set in personal and professional
development plan
For own development manager would try to develop skills which could be beneficial in
acquiring objectives of the company. Communication skills could be developed by attending
personal development seminars as they help in developing personality by various means such as
group discussions, by giving tips on how to interact and communicate with each other for
effective interaction (Cottrell, 2015). It also involves abilities to collect data from several sources
such as market research, interview processes and many more. Collected data is required to be
analysed for generating effective solutions. Personal skills should also be developed such as
problem solving, abilities to manage conflicts etc.
Team building abilities are also required for effective working of the organisation. Team
work helps in exploration of several areas which could not be possible if somebody works
individually. Portfolio can also be built and maintained. Transcripts such as Curriculum Vitae
can be maintained. Knowledge sharing abilities can be achieved with the development of strong
communication qualities as it helps in expressing views and opinions. It can also be achieved by
participating group discussions which helps in brainstorming that results in innovative ideas.
Market research helps in identification of new trends in technology which can be adopted by
attending tainting classes for the same. In the world technology, customers always prefer brands
which makes use of the latest technology in their work.
Table 4: Revised PPD Plan
Skills Development Evidence Time Duration
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Opportunities required
Decision making skills My decision making
skill are still not good.
Team Leaders could
help into it.
1.5 month
Time management I have been able to
work on it. Now I can
manage multiple tasks
at one time.
Communication skills Still, improvements
are required to be
made into it for
communicating goals
effectively to the team
members.
Group discussions and
members involved into
it could help for it.
1 month
Writing skills With the time I have
found that I need to
improve my writing
skills as well.
Writing articles and
reading newspapers
could help into it.
Senior managers could
also contribute.
2 months
By analysing all the skills I found I lack in decision making, time management and
communication skills which required self-improvement. For that I have attended seminars and
training sessions as well so that required skills could be build. I have succeeded in various
sectors but stills communication skills needs enhancements because being manager it is very
essential to be able to communicate with all the team members effectively so that objectives and
targets set by the company could be communicated well.
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TASK 2
2.1 Communication styles at various levels with line mangers, colleagues and the customers
There are different types of communication that could take place for carrying out various
tasks within an organisation. It could be broadly classified into two categories: Verbal : it could be type of communication which involves conversations over phone or
face to face. In this, listening is carried out to understand one's viewpoint.
 Non-verbal : Here, observation takes place and accordingly meaning is interpreted. It
could involve understanding facial expressions, body language etc.
To carry out functions of the organization effectively team member is required to have
strong and influencing communication skills at workplace (Dowson, 2015). It includes verbal
and non-verbal interaction qualities which can be established within or outside the firm. In any
company, there is hierarchy level of employees. There are line managers, colleagues, CEO and
many more. In the development process of payroll management system for the customers,
initially verbal communication is conducted with the client to collect their requirements for the
software. Feedbacks would also be needed for obtaining entire experience of using software from
the customers. Collected feedbacks helps in introducing improvements. They disclose areas
which are not as per requirements or which needs enhancement. These feedbacks would be
answering and open. Proper use of body language is essential at workplace.
Software can be developed by collecting data and requirements through questionnaires.
To be successful in any activity, team work and collaboration is essential. Proper team
collaboration should be developed. Interpersonal skills are also necessary at workplace such as
social skills, abilities to perform negotiation, taking initiatives and qualities to work with others
in the organisation (Duţă and et.al., 2014). Assertiveness skills are also essential which includes
being capable to take stand for the rights of your own or others neglecting aggression and
accepting faults. These skills are helpful in dealing with shareholders and colleagues of the
project. Proper Trainings could be assistive in transferral of these attainments among other
members in the organisation.
2.2 Tools and techniques for effective time management
To carry out any activity proper planning is essential which results in effective outcomes
at specified time period. For successful completion of the projects various time management
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strategies are required. As a team member, time management skills are necessary for
accomplishing tasks within given time interval. Effectively used time management strategies
saves overall completion and execution time for the project. Some are discussed below: Workload Prioritization: In the overall project, there are several assignments which are
required to be accomplished at different time intervals. For successful completion,
workload should be divided and priority of each activity should be assigned. Every task
should be assigned priority and accordingly work should be done. This would be helpful
in managing urgent tasks leaving rest of the work to be completed later. Identifying work objectives: For each of the activity, its operational objective should be
analysed (Eddy and et.al., 2015). Every task has certain objective which are needed to be
accomplished. Work should be divided into simpler steps to make it more efficient to
understand. Time required for each task to carry out should be estimated. Breaking up of
task helps in better understanding of the project and which would ultimately consume
lesser time to complete. Effectively use of time: Every task has certain amount of time period for its windup and it
is necessary to utilize this time efficiently so that all the aspects can be consummated.
Time division should be done with each activity of the project. Let's take example of
primary data collection. Sufficient time is required for collecting primary data which can
be attained by conducting online research. Various other sources are also available for
data collection such as social media, emails etc. which could be utilized for gathering
information. Marking and keeping appointments: With every task, schedule for its completion should
be framed. Schedules should be ensured that they are followed properly within an
organisation (Essaoudi and et.al., 2014). Pre-planned schedules avoid last minutes rush at
workplace. Thus, it would be helpful in time management.
 Reliable estimate of task time: Before starting working on any project, reliable time that
might be required for its completion should be estimated. Time estimation should be done
in such a way that they are closed to the actual time taken up by each activity.
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TASK 3
3.1 Team dynamics with the roles played by people
In any organizational environment, there are generally two kinds of groups. These are: Formal groups: With the objective of completing specific task which is assigned to the
group, formal groups are created for the stated objective. Organisation creates such kinds
of groups and team members have no control over its formation and selection of members
within teams.
 Informal groups: This type of groups is formed by the people who shares common
perspectives. People with similarities in their thinking level in the CODA forms informal
groups (Gerken and et.al., 2016). They are not created for the completion of assigned
tasks but they have basic purpose of developing open communication within team
members that are working in CODA.
Formation of each team have specific purpose. Some of them are for fulfilment of long-
term objectives of the firm, some are assigned with problem solving processes and others are for
short term project development processes. Different teams have different members and each of
them have certain responsibilities associated with them. These are discussed below: Resource investigator: They identify new tools and methodologies required for the
deployment of opportunities in the organisation. Team player: Team members would be encouraged for brainstorming to come out with
several new ideas which can bring innovation in the organisational work. It can also be
achieved with the questionnaire process or conducting interviews. Plant: Resource planning is essential for development of constructive and productive
ideas. It is chosen on the basis of experience into specific field. Shaper: Shapers have the job of assigning new work role in the project team (Guilbert
and et.al., 2016). They analyse performance of the employee and their working history
for making changes in the work to be assigned to them. Implementer: Implementation plan would be designed to convert ideas which are
presented by the team members into real time for the assigned project.
 Coordinator: It is the responsibility of coordinator to coordinate work between team
members in order to achieve goals and targets of the organisation. They also have time
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management strategies and cost analysis plan which should be considered while
achieving business objectives.
3.2 Alternative ways to complete tasks and achieve goals in the software development process
Work should be shared among team members and stakeholders in any organisation so
that work can be easily managed. Everyone should share equal work responsibilities. It helps in
checking involvement of all the stakeholders in order to meet and fulfil objectives of the project.
Leadership skills are also helpful in completion of tasks and achieving desired goals in the
development process of software (Henderson and et.al., 2016). It sets up direction for executing
work, set up work standards, motivates employees and staff members to work better for
productive results. Effective communication qualities are possessed by people with leadership
capabilities. Efficiency of the project can be enhanced and improved by developing effective
structures for teams. Team work has become important concept for maximizing performance of
the venture. Two important considerations are: task work that is how team should work for
accomplishment of tasks and team work which includes how teams and its members should work
with one another to meet desired objective. For this team should be selected in such a way that
comprises people which are specialist in specific area, have certain skills and styles. In team
development process, several stages are involved: Team building: Teams are formed considering several factors such as skills, shared
beliefs of the employees, etc. Evaluation of team health: It includes analysis of skills of the individual. Everybody
possesses different qualities which are required to be analysed for the better outcomes of
the problems (Jackson, 2015). Action plan: Necessary planning for the implementation of the tasks is required. Action
plan specifies steps to be followed in the execution process of project. Monitoring and feedback: Feedbacks helps in identification of areas which have not
been fulfilled according to the requirements of the customer. It is also beneficial in
discovering segments that requires modifications due to technological change or user
wants to add up new feature.
Team Charters: It is the layout for work execution. It defines how teamwork activities
will be managed. It carries execution plan of the team work. It has various functions:
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 Determination of strengths and weaknesses of teams.
 Decision making in conflicted situations.
 For evaluation of performance, feedbacks are taken up.
 Roles of the team members are specified clearly (Lo Presti and et.al., 2016).
 Identification of opportunities that might be beneficial for the accomplishment of
objectives of the firm.
TASK 4
4.1 Tools and methods for developing solutions for the problems that may occur in the software
project
There are various tools and method's for developing solution for the specific problem that
may occur in software project.
The problem may be related to time management, human resource management, management of
budget or technology. The problem arises due to dearth of time or due to not relevant schedule,
not proper use of available manpower, scarcity in terms of monetary assets and due to the
absolute technology.
The outcomes of the problem would be hurdles in accomplishing individual, group,
organization goals (Mora and et.al., 2014). It may lead to problem in working environment and
conflict between employees.
To resolve these complex problems the management should specified the working
schedule clearly to make efficient use of time, to properly orienting the existing as well as new
employees for the effectively use of human resource, to make affirmative use of monetary assets
if the project is exceeding in financial terms management need to control it and in case of
technology it should be updated accordingly to meet the project requirements.
Therefore, the company may adopt the following tools and methods to solve the problem
relevantly and that are: - FMEA: Failure Modes and Effects Analysis to predict throughout the development
process to analyse the weak point and taking corrective measures. The solution is
predicted for the entire procedure from initial to the last stage.
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 CORRELATION: Statistical technique to strengthen the bond between two variables. This
two variable can be machine or men or different departments. This is done for the
complete harmony among various object.
 BRAINSTORMING: Developing Innovative Ideas to solve the problem effectively.
Success of an organisation depends on its creative planning method. Novel notion helps
in taking rational decision-making.
 PDCA: Tool for developing the product. Also, known as Deeming Cycle (Quendler and
et.al., 2016). It can ensure sententiously improvement of the software project. PDCA
depicts Plan-DO-Check-Act.
4.2 Strategy for resolving problems such as time management, human resource management,
budget management
While developing software, several problems are encountered such as project might not
get complete within specific time period, deadlines might get missed, employees required for the
completion of the project may not have appropriate skills, availability of few employees or the
budget decided for the project may get increased. To solve such issues following strategies can
be implemented: Planning and implementation: Project goals should be clearly defined in the initial stage
so that problems and issues can be resolved at later stages (Smale and et.al., 2015). The
Best possible alternative from the available solution should be selected. Time management strategies: Time required for the completion the project should be
estimated so that whole development process can be conducted accordingly. Estimation
of number of employees for the accomplishment of the project. Total time would be
estimated and each task associated with the development process will be divided among
team members. Based on the number of team members projects can be accomplished. In
the absence of any team member, multiple responsibilities should be assigned to the other
team members. Work should be prioritised so that focus can be given on only important
tasks leaving others which are not necessary to be completed at given time period. Task
should be broken down into subtasks and progress made in the development process
should be reviewed.
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 Human resource management: In the development process, problems may arise due
unavailability of skilled employees (Turner, 2014). Problem can be solved by recruiting
new employees that possess required skills. This issue can also be corrected by providing
trainings to the team members.
 Budget management: Many times' situation arises when budget of the project dis-
balances. It may be due unavailability of required skilled employees for which
organisation have to wait that increases overall cost of the project. Training sessions also
incurs added cost to the project. Cost analysis of the project helps in analysis of the
overall project cost.
4.3 Evaluation of impact on the business of implementation of strategy
In software development process in CODA company, various kinds of problems were
arrived due to introduction of new features, deadline of the project was not meeting, lack of
employees who had knowledge on the given technology, cost overhead and many more. In order
to solve such issues, strategies were designed and developed (Van der Vleuten, 2015). All such
problems have been successfully solved in order produce desired outputs for the organisation.
Outcomes of every stage has been monitored until they have been managed properly. Time
management strategy to ensure all the activities should get completed on time, splitting of entire
project into several parts to manage them efficiently, prioritizing of work also proved to be
beneficial in the development procedure.
Cost analysis of the project helped to solve over budget issues. In the analysis process,
total cost of the project, employee cost, etc. has been considered. Number of staff have been
calculated including permanent and temporary that might leave the organisation in the midst of
developing procedure which would incur extra value, number of days for project completion has
been estimated. Problem of introduction of new technology has been solved by providing
training sessions to the team members so that they can enhance their knowledge and extra cost
for recruiting new workers has been resolved (Winberg and et.al., 2016). Therefore,
implementing new methods has proved to be beneficial for the company and they will sustain in
the future as well for other development procedures of softwares and also helped in minimizing
failures.
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CONCLUSION
From the report, it can be concluded that to work in an organisation, various skills are
required either personal or professional that includes problem-solving, and team building
abilities to manage conflicts between team members that occur due to mismatch of perceptions
and strong communication skills. Technical knowledge is also required within IT firm and it is
also important to have information about employment legislation and rights. Several issues arise
in software development process such as human resource management, over budget, etc. These
kinds of issues can be resolved by roper planning and implementing designed strategies.
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[Accessed on 12th June 2017].
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