Vocational Behavior and Motivation: A Study of the International Hotel Industry

The provided content discusses various topics in the fields of hospitality, tourism, and management. It includes academic articles, research papers, and online sources that cover themes such as trends in the international hotel industry, organizational behavior, motivation theories, and job satisfaction. The content also touches on the economic contribution of the UK hospitality industry and provides insights into the best jobs for young people.

WHAT ARE THE MOTIVATING FACTORS IN
HOTEL MANAGEMENT?

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction.........................................................................................................................
1.1 Background of the Study.......................................................................................................3
1.2 Rationale of the Study............................................................................................................4
1.3 Aim and Objectives...............................................................................................................4
1.4 Research Questions................................................................................................................5
1.5 Structure of Dissertation........................................................................................................5
Chapter 2: Literature Review...............................................................................................................
2.1 Current trends in hotel industry in UK..................................................................................7
2.2 Different theories of motivation..........................................................................................10
2.3 Motivational factors that influencing an individual in selection of hospitality industry for
career development....................................................................................................................13
Chapter 3: Research Methodology.....................................................................................................
Research Type............................................................................................................................18
Research design.........................................................................................................................18
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................19
Research approach.....................................................................................................................19
Data collection method..............................................................................................................19
Sampling technique....................................................................................................................20
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................20
Validity and reliability...............................................................................................................21
Limitations of the study.............................................................................................................21
References..........................................................................................................................................

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Title: “To Assess Different Factors that Motivate an Individual to Build Career in Hotel
Management.”
1.1 Background of the Study
In the growing economy of different countries, hospitality industry is playing significant
role. There are several companies operating in the sector which are constantly making
courageous efforts to satisfy the needs and wants of customers and achieve higher financial
growth. There are approximately 10000 hotel businesses in UK that almost contribute £18 billion
to the overall economy (British Hospitality Association, 2013). At present the hospitality
industry employs 10% of the national workforce and British Hospitality Association has ensured
that in coming year more employment opportunities will be available for the people of all ages to
develop their career in hotel management. In addition to this, it has been addressed that the
hospitality sector has accounted for 17% of total net employment growth in between the 2010 to
2014 (UK Hotels Forecast, 2015). On the basis of these statistics, it can be stated that hospitality
sector in UK has made a significant contribution in the creation of private sector jobs (The
economic contribution of the UK hospitality industry, 2015). However, increasing competition
enforces companies to enhance their level of business operations which indeed leads to generate
more employment opportunities for the people. There are several types of job opportunities
present in this industry for individual that constantly motivates them to enter into Hotel line.
Further, one of the major factor behind better growth opportunities in hospitality sector is it’s
rapidly increase leisure and comfort life for the employees and along with this better
remuneration or pay. Herein, the researcher focuses on evaluating such factors that are
responsible for motivating the people to build career in hotel management. Further, considering
the aim of this study the researcher focuses on identifying and exploring all the factors that
encourage or motivate individual to build the career in hotel management.
Looking at trends in UK hospitality industry, prominent growth has been analyzed as
already around 2.9 million people are associated with different portfolios of hospitality sector
(Goudreau, 2012). Therefore, the researcher focuses on evaluating and identifying the current
trends of UK hotels that helps in understanding the actual employment and growth opportunities
available for the individual. The perception of people towards hotel industry is changing
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significantly. Nowadays, people thinks more positive towards this industry as it is constantly
providing better returns to the one who are into for good period of time (Altman, 2009). Other
than this, several management course related to hotel management have been executed which
educate, train and mold fresher to work in the hotel and carry out operations effectively.
1.2 Rationale of the Study
Motivation is considered as a most important aspect that influence an individual towards
particular organization for building a career. There are several studies that have been carried out
in the past to evaluate or analyse the importance of employee motivation within an organization
and its implications on the corporation (Bak, 2011). There are various studies that has taken
place on the factors that motivates individual to build career irrespective to the sector thus, will
help investigator to develop suitable theoretical base for carrying out the entire study. Therefore,
in the present study the researcher aim at evaluating and assessing different factor that influence
people to build career in hotel management. The rationale behind selecting this topic is that it
will assist the researcher in enhancing knowledge regarding current trends of hospitality industry
as well as different elements hospitality business such as salary, extra benefits, other rewards etc.
that attract job seeker towards hospitality sector (Najeeb, 2013).
Further, with constantly growing industry various opportunities are present in the
hospitality industry of UK. However, in order to explore the opportunities for the young people
present study has been executed. Through the means of such information recommendation to the
younger people who are passionate about their career and wanting to do really good in future can
be positively influenced to join hotel management. Worldwide, changing trends in hospitality
sector has encouraged various people set up their career. Therefore, analysing the different
factors of hospitality industry UK will assist in encouraging people to enter into this industry.
Another aspect is to increase the employment rate within the youth of UK because it will do
world of good for the hospitality firm as young, passionate and skilful individual willing to work
will joining and carry out operations in effective and efficient manner.
1.3 Aim and Objectives
Aim:
The main of this study is “To explore what Motivate an Individual to choose or build
Career in Hotel Management”.
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Research objectives:
To achieve the above aim it is essential for the researcher to develop small objectives that
creates suitable platform for the investigator to address and understand different aspects of the
selected topic. Furthermore, research objectives provide guidance to the researcher in collection
of wide range of information. The objectives of present investigation are determined as below:
 To assess the current trends related to hotel management in UK.
 To determine the motivational factors that influence an individual to choose or build
career in hotel management.
 To make recommendations for which an individual should select the field of hotel
management as a tool for career development.
1.4 Research Questions
Questions of the research are important aspects because it helps investigator in carrying
out study on the selected topic in effective and efficient manner. Through the means of these
questions the researcher can easily analyse different components of the study that leads to
generate desired results and findings on the basis of which reliable conclusion can be made.
 What are the current trends of hotel management in UK?
 What are the motivational factors that encourage individual to build career in hotel
management?
1.5 Structure of Dissertation
Structure of a study is considered as the most important aspect because conducting
overall research in proper structure leads to generate desired or valuable results (Singh, 2010).
The researcher conductor is highly responsible for ensuring this aspect as he/she has to make
sure that proper structure is being followed so that each and every chapters of the dissertation are
carried in systematic manner. Following is the structure of present dissertation that the researcher
will abide: Chapter 1 Introduction: This is the first section of entire study in which the researcher
focuses on highlighting the brief discussion of the selected topic so as to develop basic
understanding for readers and learners regarding the selected topic (Williamson and et.al,
2013). Through the means of this section, the researcher aims at attracting the
concentration of readers or learners by providing them valuable information relating to
the important aspects of the dissertation. Further, there are several crucial elements
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covered in this study which are background of the study, rationale, aim and objectives
and research questions. Chapter 2 Literature review: This is a significant section of the study because it helps the
researcher in developing theoretical base for the selected topic by considering the past
studies or researches done by different authors on the related topic of the current study
(Denscombe, 2008). By the means of this chapter, readers can have in-depth
understanding about vital elements of the study, for instance, herein; literature review
will help making in-depth analysis of current trends in hospitality industry, motivational
factors for the fresher in different streams etc. Chapter 3 Research methodologies: This is third but important chapter because it helps
the researcher in defining the methods and approaches that will be used in the present
study to carry out entire course in effective and efficient manner. Under this chapter,
various elements are covered such as research, design, approach, sampling, data
collection, analysis and ethical consideration and limitation of the study (Ketchen,
Ketchen Jr and Bergh, 2006). Chapter 4 Data Analysis and Findings: Analysis of data is the most crucial part of any
dissertation because on the basis of it the researcher can make conclusion and
recommendations for the future (Noor, 2008). After collecting information it is important
to analyse data in appropriate way thus, the researcher under this section uses methods
like thematic and statistical tools to analyse the data so that best possible findings can be
generated.
 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations: This is the last chapter of the study in
which the researcher concludes each and every aspects generated form the above
chapters. This is important chapter because reader through this can easily make out what
research resulted in comparison to the defined objectives (Sachdeva, 2009). Further, on
the basis of conclusion, recommendations are made so that future scope of study can be
identified.
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter is used for carrying out systematic investigation of findings of past studies,
views of different authors along with the wide range of theories as per the aim of investigation. It
will support the researcher in drafting conclusion as per several research findings. Literature
review is the most important part of the research project which discusses the information of
scholarly papers. In this, the researcher makes review of the current findings and aspects which
are highly associated with the research issue. Literature review includes secondary sources such
as books, journals and research papers which develop deeper insight among the researcher about
the subject area. Through this, the researcher is able to conduct in-depth analysis which helps
them in finding the suitable solution of problem. Thus, literature review may be served as
technique which helps the researcher in conducting the study more effectively and efficiently.
2.1 Current trends in hotel industry in UK
The study of Williamson and et.al, (2013) has found that hotel industry of UK is showing
positive trends due to growth of travel and tourism sector. The travel and tourism sector has
recorded negative growth during recession. In this situation, hotel has several issues related to
sales and business performance. After recession, the UK economy had stable growth that has led
positive impact on the development of travel and tourism sector (Cooper, 2005). The author
further argues that increase in number of external and domestic travelers has created direct
employment opportunities in the hospitality sector of UK.
Now days the living standards of the people is growing at a rapid rate. People wants to
visit at different places for the purpose of entertainment and business. They want that there visit
to the hotel became memorable. In regard to which several places in UK has become the center
point of attraction for the individual who live outside. Besides this, people went outside for stay
also want need to make arrangement for their food. Nowadays, many individual want to expand
their career in hotel management industry because it is one of the fast growing industry. Due to
the increase in number of visit of the customer’s employment opportunities is also increasing in a
hospitality industry.
As per the report of Oxford Economics for the British Hospitality Association (2015), it
has been addressed that 2.9 million people are working in different segments of hospitality sector
in 2014 which is equivalent to 9% of total UK employment. In addition to this, it has been

addressed that hospitality sector has accounted for 17% of total net employment growth in
between the year 2010 to 2014. On the basis of these statistics, it can be stated that hospitality
sector in UK has made a significant contribution in the creation of private sector jobs (The
economic contribution of the UK hospitality industry, 2015). Furthermore, this report has
determined that UK's hospitality industry is the fourth biggest sector and acting as a key player
for the job creation. Therefore, it can be stated that all present economic and hospitality trends
have played an important role to attract various individuals towards hospitality sector for career
development. As the hospitality industry has the ample amount of career options that can be
adopted by the individual in order to obtain the job or create the job option for them. This also
enhances the growth perspective for the for the individual as this is the sector which have the
largest career options.
The research of Evans (2013) has found that all the large international hotel organizations
appoint a brand manager for the promotion of different products and services. In addition to this,
these brand managers also promote career opportunities, environment of workplace, growth
opportunities etc. in order to attract new talent for different departments within hotel. This
approach has been found very effective for creating interest of individuals and youth in the
hospitality services (Najeeb, 2013). Moreover, HR manager have complete knowledge about the
aspects which closely affects the decision of personnel in relation to the development of their
career.
It influences individuals in the selection of career objectives as per their interest. Beck
(2003) has evaluated different promotional plans that have been developed by HR managers of
hotels for the acquisition of best employees to meet different organization's objectives. Along
with that, long term retention of staff has played an important role to generate the interest of
people for building career in the hotel industry. Moreover, in hospitality industry employee
turnover is very high as compared to the other service sector.
This factor attracts people to build their career the hospitality industry. HR manager of
the hotel industry organizes several motivational program for their human resources. Besides
this, they also conduct games, picnics and other activities which make contribution in the
development of personnel. This kind of activities and programs develops satisfaction among the
employees of hospitality industry and thereby retain them for long run. All these aspect
encourage the people to make their career bright by entering in hospitality sector.

The study of Altman (2009) has addressed that every organization associated with hospitality
sector always try to provide the best experience to consumers with various unique technologies.
Furthermore, rapid advancement in technology has played an important role in increasing the
requirement of new employees that are associated with IT. This approach would provide
opportunities to individuals from IT field to expand their career with hotel (Hotels, 2015). As per
the views of Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) it is stated that development in travel and tourism
sector is influencing several domestic and international firms for business expansion in the
hospitality sector. This in turn increased the inflow of investment in hospitality sector so that
requirement of well-qualified hotel staff has been raised. According to the view point of Evans,
(2013), in service industry growth and success of the firm is highly based on the skills, abilities
and efficiency level of the personnel. Companies can grow in the competitive business
environment only when they have highly talented workforce who have ability to deliver the
services to their customers according to their needs and expectations. In addition to this, quality
of the services offered closely affects the sales and gross profitability aspect of the firm. All
these elements have increased the employment opportunities for the skilled and talented people
within hospitality sector (Christopher and Pauls, 2009). In the contemporary business
environment, different organizations associated with travel and tourism sector have adopted
different channels to increase sales. In order to increase the sales an organization has to manage
appropriate staff through which managers of Hotel can manage bookings along with different
services as per the check-in and check-out. In addition to this hotel management can also offer
different types of offers like discount, free stay and many more. On the basis of these elements,
external individuals are attracted towards hotel firms for distinct job opportunities such as data
base management, social media marketing etc. This provides the individual to grow by examine
the current trends which are present in the field of the hotel industry. The hospitality industry is
very dynamic as it has various growth perspective which is associated along with allocation of
respective elements that help to meet the current trends. All the perspective is associated with the
career development of the individual to meet the requirement of the hospitality industry to
manage the entire working

2.2 Different theories of motivation
According to the Herzberg and et.al., (2011), Motivation theories helps in motivating
workers or individuals to perform well for developing their career opportunities. Different the
researchers give different opinion on the use of motivation theories for developing individual's
career in the hotel industry. Views of various authors with respect to the Maslow’s need for
hierarchy and two factor theory of motivation are as follows.
2.2.1 Maslow's Need for Hierarchy Theory:
In earlier research Patton and McMahon, (2014), motivational theories helps in
motivating individuals to fulfill their needs and expectations. There are various theories which
can motivate persons to develop their career in their area of interest (Patton and McMahon,
2014). In context to it Hoekstra, (2011), has said that “Developing career in the hotel industry is
one of the best choice of individuals but motivation theories helps them in deciding whether it is
fulfilling their basic needs and expectations or not. Selection of motivation theory is depends
upon the person's choice (Hoekstra, 2011). According to the figure I of Maslow Need Hirearchy
theory Dawes and Larson, 2011, have demonstrated that “Maslow's Hierarchy of needs is based
on the general premise or person should follow hierarchy of needs for achieving name, fame and
self actualization in life” (Dawes and Larson, 2011). Similarly Strauss and et.al., (2012), have
found that, There are some general needs regarding the individuals and in absence of these needs
nothing else matters. In career development, Maslow's hierarchy of need theory motivates
individual to select that area which can meet their needs step by step (Strauss, Griffin and Parker,
2012). With reference to the hotel industry Kolb, (2014), has asserted that “Hotel industry
provides person an opportunity to fulfill their basic, security, social and esteem needs for
achieving self actualization. All these factors attract them to build their career in hotel
management” (Kolb, 2014).
According to Miner, 2015 motivational theory concept is very important in order to
motivate the employees working in the organization. In favor of this Delahaye, (2015) has found
that hotel industry has started providing a better quality of services and facilities to the
employees working in order to improve there living standards. This in turn increase the

motivational level of the employees. Against this Gardner and Gardner(2012) has said that
employees can be movitated by providing them training at a regular interval. This in turn will
increase the productivity of employees. Because highly trained and motivated employees work
more actively. Furthermore, he say that the example of Hilton Hotel that, it gives training to the
staff members for improving their personality and professional attitude (Theories of motivation,
2016).

Herzberg's Two Factor Theory:
As per the figure II of Herzberg motivational theory, Thielk (2012), have determined that
“Herzeberg's two factor theories refer to certain factors which create either job satisfaction or
dissatisfaction. Job satisfaction results to motivate person to perform well and to grow his career
on the other hand dissatisfaction results to leaving job or finding other option” (Thielke and
et.al., 2012). In context to it DuBrin, 2013, has found that “If employees of a particular sector are
satisfied with their job then they will motivate others to apply for that particular job or
organization. This make individual to prepare themselves for that particular firm or post”
(DuBrin, 2013). In reference to the Herzberg's two factor theory Caulton, 2012,has stated that
“Hygiene factors of dual theory such as job security, salary, work conditions, good pay,
vacations, trips and tours and so on motivate individuals to make their career in that field”
(Caulton, 2012). He continues that career in hotel industry results to provide satisfaction to the
employees due to its high salary and reputed posts.
On the other hand Tan and Waheed, 2011, have said that “Person should posses skills for
handling challenging work, meeting responsibilities, decision making skills, communication
skills, patience and so on for developing career and getting satisfaction in hotel industry” (Tan
and Waheed, 2011). Similarly Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman, 2011, have asserted that
every individual should be given a chance to build up this career. If chance has not been given
then in that case they may feel demoviated and may not be able to achieve the satisfaction level
(Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman, 2011). With respect to the hotel industry Al Ariss and et.al,
2012, have concluded that “Marriott uses two factor theories for motivating its employees who
results to enhance their satisfaction level. The attitude and satisfaction level of these workers
make other individuals to prepare themselves for building career in that hotel” (Al Ariss and
et.al, 2012)
In contrast to the above Dhanapal, Subramaniam and Vashu, 2013, have explained that
combination of two factors have been considered with an aim to satisfy the employee of the
organization. In addition to this Dhanapal say that a hygiene and a healthy working environment
should be provided to the employees which in turn will increase the satisfaction and motivation
level of the employees. And if employees are satisfied than in that case the rate of turnover and
absenteeism will also reduce. If the employee is satisfied then they will also tell the other to build

up there career in hotel industry. While on the other hand if employee themselves are not
satisfied then rate of turnover will increase and highly demotivated employees may force the
other not to built there career in hotel industry.
As per the Herzbergis Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, 2016, regular and continuous
feedback on the performance and productivity helps in identifying the satisfaction level of the
workers and as per the result, firm can apply effective measures for the improvement. These
measures will also work as attraction points for those candidates who wants to build their career
in that particular sector or enterprise. In favor to it Patton and McMahon, 2014, have stated that
the hotel industry, if they are giving quality working environment, good salary, proper facilities,
etc then individuals will motivate from it and prepare themselves for getting job their (Patton and
McMahon, 2014).
2.3 Motivational factors that influencing an individual in selection of hospitality industry for
career development
In the context of present hospitality industry, several factors of hospitality sector have
played important role to influence perception of individuals who want to build career in
hospitality sector. In this context, consideration of Maslow's hierarchy theory also determines
various elements of employee motivation that influence people towards hospitality industry. In
this regard, the study of Hitt and Hoskisson, (2008) has addressed different work- related
variables which are playing significant role in order to meet self esteem needs that are associated
with the job satisfaction factors that include challenging work, interesting job assignments,
equitable rewards, effective supervision along with rewarding careers (Williamson and et.al.,
2013).
In today's world people show high level of interest towards the challenging work or task.
Usually, challenging work is highly associated with the promotional opportunities which take
place in the business. Besides this, in hotel industry personnel also have opportunities to make
interaction with the number of the people. This factor make the job of hotel personnel is more
interesting. More interaction opportunities also make improvement in the communication skills
of the people. Along with it, rewards such as employee of the month, best service personnel etc.
also attract people to build their career in hotel sector. Moreover, companies who operate in
hospitality industry follow feedback system to make assessment of the mindset of customers in

relation to services which are offered by the service personnel (Claveria, Monte and Torra,
2015).
It is the main basis upon which the performance of the employees is reviews and
rewarded which in turn will motivate the employees to develop there career in hotel industry.
Author further argued that attractive salary and wages offered by an organization has helped to
people to meet their basic needs. In this context, the investigation of Evans (2013) has addressed
that people are motivated by money for many different reasons. The need to provide the basic
necessities of life influences them to expand career with hospitality firm.
In the contrary, Some people have considered the money as instrumental to rewarding
non economic needs like power, status and affiliations with desired groups (Motivational
Factors And The Hospitality Industry: A Case Study Examining The Effects Of Changes In The
Working Environment, 2015). Furthermore, finance is often viewed as a symbol of personal and
professional success that can be accomplished by working with hospitality organization. Money
is considered as the status symbol as well as the instrument through which the individual can
meet the requirement.
In hospitality industry, organizations also develop various strategies for ensuring safety
and security of workers such as insurance etc. In addition to that proper recognition is provided
to employees about their extra-ordinary performance that is also acting as an important factor of
employee motivation which is termed as self actualization needs within Maslow's hierarchy
theory. This helps the individual to enhance their working as per the perspective to attain the
entire needs which act as the motivator for themselves.
In order to evaluate employee motivation, Herzberg has given two factors that a motivate
the employees (I.e hygiene and motivational factors). Beck (2003) has determined that some
employee’s desire compensation systems must be fair and commensurate with their skills and
expectations. In addition to that various other benefits such as accommodation, insurance,
incentives and pension have been considered as most important tools to influence the individual's
in hotel industry.
In similar way, hygiene factor within an organization is also playing important role to
attract employees towards company. All these factors have high level of impact upon the
motivational aspect of the employees (Claveria, Monte and Torra, 2015). Thus, by taking into
consideration all these factors company can encourage their workforce to make their best efforts

in the development of the firm. In this context, the research of Najeeb (2013) has found that
efficient working environment is also acting as motivator for individuals who are tried to build
career with unique and creative opportunities.
In the competitive business area, culture and working environment are the main factors
which motivate personnel to work in the respective industry. Supportive colleagues as well as
periodical training session provides assistance to the human resources to perform their work
more effectively without facing any difficulties. Thus, supportive cultural environment of
hospitality industry also influence individuals to build their bright career in the hotel industry.
Further, Bakker and Schaufeli (2008) evaluated that the different factors of efficient work
environment such as adequate equipment, space, heating, lighting and ventilation help employees
for handling of various job tasks with an efficient manner.
The food provided should be the same for line employees as for the managers. In
addition to that several other elements such as challenging jobs support from superiors, a quality
workplace, friendly co-workers, etc. influence different job seeker to start career with hospitality
firm. Therefore, it can state that Herzberg two factor theories has found very effective in
evaluation of different aspects of employee motivation. With the proper management of the work
at the workplace help the individual to build the team spirit to enhance the quality of work. Thus,
they are able to render the best services to the customers with the effective support of the
superiors and job will be performed in an effective form (Evans, 2013).
In hospitality industry, it is necessary to have the strong coordination system to carry out
the various operations. As the coordination perspective act as the beneficial aspect that help the
individual to handle the job task in a proficient manner.
The investigation of Christopher and Pauls (2009) has addressed that hospitality
organization uses different tools and tactics for offering best service to consumers with unique
experience. For attainment of this objective, management always tries to improve skills and
efficiency of worker by providing wide range training such as on the job and off the job. It plays
important role in career development and growth of an individual who is working in hospitality
firm at particular position (Christopher and Pauls, 2009).
With the help of training the individual is able to enhance and polish the skills and
competencies which they inherit in themselves. By selection hospitality industry as a tool for
career growth, an individual will be able to learn new things and learn new skills along with

appropriate salary as per the current industrial norms. Continuous opportunities for personal and
professional development influence new talent to explore the career with a hotel organization
(Jayawardena and et.al, 2013). Through, this the individual can continually monitor various
options that are available to them to develop in the professional context.
In relation to career development there are several options that can be particularly
adopted by the individual to raise the graph of their career by availing these options. Bakker and
Schaufeli (2008) examined that creativity in food preparation, designing of interiors of hotel and
service rendering process assists business entity to expand business. In this process, innovation
and creativity of employees have played most vital role so as top management of hospitality
organization always tries to promote creativity of employees by evaluating innovative ideas of
workers.
This approach influences perception of such individuals who always try to do some
unique and creative things in context of hospitality services. As per the viewpoint of Sachdeva,
(2009), proper evaluation of the ideas helps the individual to innovate different perspective and
manage the entire working with the implementation of the ideas. This will help the individual to
design their job role as per the task assigned to them. Through this, the creativity of the
individual as well as the decision making would be enhanced as the individual is a able to
manage and play their job role in an effectual form.
2.4 Literature gap
This section of the literature shed light on the gap between the previous findings and the
present topic of the research. Literature gap clearly reflects the facets which are not previously
discussion in the research paper of other scholars. This subdivision of literature also helps the
researcher in raising the significant off the present study. Such kind of analysis helps the
researcher in highlight the missing of element of the existing literature. Through this, the
researcher is also able to conduct his study in the right direction and thereby develops
understanding about the new facet which helps hospitality industry in attracting the large number
of personnel.
In the previous research Brotherton (2012) had only shed light on the growth and
development aspect of the hospitality industry of UK. In addition to this, they talked about the
employment opportunities which are present in the hotel sector. This gap creates a confusion in
the mind of the employee related to the there in hotel industry. Now days students prefer to use

the field that offer them bright and growing career opportunities. Thus, the present research will
help students or professional in taking most effective or suitable decision about their future. This
research also offers benefit to the hospitality industry by encouraging individual in context to
work in the hospitality industry. Thus, this research will provide benefit to both such as
companies and students or professionals.
In addition to this, Jayawarden (2013) has discussed in his preceding activity about the
ways through which hotel firms can motivate their employees. Beside this, they found that the
company can control employee turnover and absenteeism by taking into consideration the
Maslow's and Herzberg theory of motivation. Nevertheless, authors did not show any link
between the motivational theories and career development decisions. They only make emphasis
of the removal of employee dissatisfaction or turnover with the help of motivational theories.
Thus, the present research will clearly reflect the ways or aspect through which companies can
encourage the individuals to work as a service personnel in hotel industry. In order to overcome
such deficiency the present research is to be carried out by the the researcher.
This study will provides deeper insight to other the researcher and firms of hospitality
industry about the interrelation between the motivational theories and career development
opportunities. Hospitality industry can encourage the personnel to approach firms for the
employment or career development who are functioning in this industry. With the help of this
study business organization can easily find out the factors which act as a motivator when people
make decision about their career. Thus, such study will also help in changing the perception level
of the personnel who have negative attitude about the career development in the hospitality
sector. Hence, the present research will present the suitable findings by fulfilling the all gap of
previous studies which are conducted by the different scholars.

CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
It is termed as most significant section of an investigation that affects appropriateness of
research outcomes. This section of a research helps researcher in collection of wide range of data
with an appropriate manner for attainment of objectives and goals of investigation. For
developing of reliable research methodology, investigator is carried out detail evaluation of
different concepts and theories with reference to different aspects of investigation (Jackson,
2010). In this context, the primary objective of research methodology is to assess appropriate
research outcomes by applying wide range of scientific procedures and knowledge. In the present
research work, different elements of research methodology have been selected with reference to
aim of research in which research tries to assess different factors of hospitality industry that
motivate an individual to build career in hotel management.
Research Type
It is considered as most important element that assists researcher in selection of various
other approaches for particular. The present research is focusing on different factors of
hospitality industry that influence an individual to build career in various operations of hotel
management. Therefore, wide range of data is collected related to motivational factor of hotel
sector that determines qualitative nature of investigation (Brace, 2006). In this context,
qualitative research method is termed as most effective research type for evaluation of wide
range of data based on current trends in hospitality along with their impact on the career
decisions of an individual for attainment of long term and short term career objectives. The
present is evaluating human nature of qualitative approach helps investigator in analysis of
different aspects of human behaviour. In the contrary, quantitative research is useful when a
research is carried with reference to certain statistical data, figures as well as financial data.
Therefore, this method of investigation is not reliable in the context of present research work.
Research design
It determines certain set of activities and procedures through which objectives of
investigation can be achieved. For different studies, an investigator follows wide range of
research design such as descriptive, exploratory and casual- comparative with reference to
research goals (Ireland, Webb and Coombs, 2005). By focusing current research objective,
descriptive research design has been selected by investigator to depict the information from
participants in an accurate way. The reason behind selection of descriptive research design is that

this term has found very effective in evaluation of various motivator factors and positive aspects
of hospitality business that encourage an individual to build career in hospitality business. In the
contrary, the exploratory research design is not useful for present research because it provides
appropriate outcomes in a particular investigation which is based on statistical data and certain
evidence (Bryman and Bell, 2013). But, the present research work is answering the questions
how hospitality industry attracts individual for career development.
Research philosophy
It is defined as an ideology which is considered by an investigator while managing
different operations of a research work. In the context, two types of philosophies such as
interpretivsim and positivism that are mainly adopted by investigator for generating appropriate
research outcomes. In the present investigation, researcher has followed qualitative method so as
interpretivism philosophy has been adopted by investigator (Franklin, 2012). This is because it
emphasizes on researcher's ability through which individuals interpret different activities as per
the research gaols in which investigator makes effort to evaluate the employment of goals of an
individual and present market trends in hospitality business. On the other hand, positivism
philosophy is not reliable for the present research work because it pays extra attention on
adoption of different kinds of quantitative techniques to generate appropriate outcomes. In
addition to that different outcomes and conclusions are drawn with reference to logical grounds
and statics that are not essential for present research work.
Research approach
A researcher follows either inductive or deductive research approach. As per the nature of
investigation, inductive research approach has been identified a best to through which researcher
is able to make observations and assessment of data within particular environment that is
associated with hospitality sector (Johnson and Christensen, 2010). This approach plays
important role for quantitative nature of investigation. Apart from that deductive approach
influences investigation with reference to certain theory or hypothesis which is developed as per
objectives. In addition to that several observations are made as well as evaluation of pattern of
events to generate reliable outcomes which are not possible in the present investigation.
Data collection method
By focusing the objectives of study, researcher has applied both primary and secondary
sources of information. This is because secondary research has helped investigator in evaluation

of various theories of employee motivation and consideration of primary research will increase
effectiveness of research outcomes. Furthermore, the collection of primary data is also carried
out by using questionnaire, interviews etc. In the context of present investigation, investigation
has developed questionnaire for gathering first-hand information about different aspects of
hospitality industry that influence an individual to build career in hotel industry (Bak, 2011).
Researcher has evaluated data which have been assessed from different books, journals and
online researches to draw an appropriate conclusion as per objectives. The secondary data
provides significant assistance for carrying out a systematic literature review.
Sampling technique
For the present study, there are two type of sampling approaches available for
investigator such as probabilistic and non-probabilistic. In the present investigation, researcher is
targeting employees who are working in top hotels of UK to gain appropriate information. For
collection of primary data, researcher will take responses from employees of IHG, Hilton Hotels
and Marriott group. For selection of an appropriate sample, investigator has adopted random
sampling approach which is based on probabilistic sampling (Creswell, 2013). In this process,
investigator randomly selects appropriate sample so as collection of primary data is carried out
without any biasness. With the help of random sampling approach, researcher has considered
sample of 30 employees. In the contrary, non-probabilistic is not reliable for present
investigation because it helps researcher in selection of appropriate sample from particular group
respondents that is not possible in present investigation.
Data analysis
It is termed as most important section of research methodology because it affects
outcomes of investigation. The present research is evaluating the perception of different
individuals for building career in hotel industry. In this context, researcher is assessing primary
data by taking respondents from different individuals (Singh, 2010). Therefore, thematic
technique of data analysis related qualitative method has adopted by researcher for evaluating the
respondents of different individual which have been collected through questionnaire. On the
other hand, quantitative analysis is not essential for present investigation which is carried out
with certain statistical tools such as SPSS etc. This is because quantitative analysis has found
very effective in evaluation of statistical data related to financial and other figures.

Validity and reliability
The research can be considered as a valuable in nature when it provides appropriate, valid
and reliable outcomes (Creswell, 2013). In this context, researcher has considered valid and
authentic sources of primary and secondary data that leads positive impact on research outcomes.
In addition to that researcher has followed appropriate norms and practices for ensuring
confidentiality of information by avoiding the sharing of information.
Limitations of the study
In every research work, there have been some certain issues addressed by researcher
while managing different tasks and activities (Johnson and Christensen, 2010). In the present
study, researcher has faced some problems in completion of different tasks as per the
predetermined schedule that delays research. Furthermore, there has some limitation identified in
order to maintain coordination among different aspect and operations.

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