Higher Nationals in Computing

The paper is based on Higher Nationals in Computing. The paper has questions asked as Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-oriented and event-driven programming, conduct an analysis of a suitable Integrated Development Environment (IDE), Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE, Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding standard. 

Higher Nationals in Computing
Unit 1: Programming
ASSIGNMENT 2
Learner’s name:
ID:
Class:
Subject code: 1618
Assessor name: PHAN MINH TAM
Assignment due: Assignment submitted:

ASSIGNMENT 2 FRONT SHEET
Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing
Unit number and title Unit 1: Programming
Submission date Date Received 1st submission
Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission
Student Name Student ID
Class Assessor name Phan Minh Tam
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that
making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.
Student’s signature
Grading grid
P2 P3 P4 P5 M2 M3 M4 D2 D3 D4

❒ Summative Feedback: ❒ Resubmission Feedback:
Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:
Signature & Date:

Assignment Brief 2 (RQF)
Higher National Certificate/Diploma in Computing
Student Name/ID Number:
Unit Number and Title: Unit 1: Programming
Academic Year: 2021 – 2022
Unit Assessor: Phan Minh Tam
Assignment Title: Application development with IDE
Issue Date: 27 September 2021
Submission Date:
Internal Verifier Name:
Date:
Submission Format:
Format:
● The submission is in the form of an individual written report. This should be written in a concise,
formal business style using single spacing and font size 12. You are required to make use of headings,
paragraphs and subsections as appropriate, and all work must be supported with research and
referenced using the Harvard referencing system. Please also provide a bibliography using the
Harvard referencing system.
Submission
● Students are compulsory to submit the assignment in due date and in a way requested by the Tutor.
● The form of submission will be a soft copy posted on http://cms.greenwich.edu.vn/.
● Remember to convert the word file into PDF file before the submission on CMS.
Note:
● The individual Assignment must be your own work, and not copied by or from another student.

● If you use ideas, quotes or data (such as diagrams) from books, journals or other sources, you must
reference your sources, using the Harvard style.
● Make sure that you understand and follow the guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Failure to comply this
requirement will result in a failed assignment.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO2 Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-oriented and event-driven programming, conduct an
analysis of a suitable Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
LO3 Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE
LO4 Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding standard
Assignment Brief and Guidance:
Assignment scenario
Scenario: You have applied for a post as a trainee with a software development company and have been
invited for an interview. You have been passed the presentation to demonstrate your problem solving and
basic programming skills. Now you are given a more challenge task to create a fully working, secure
application that has been developed using an IDE and adheres to coding standards for a detailed business
problem.
Tasks
You will discuss a suitable problem with your mentor and list the user requirements before designing,
implementing (coding) and testing a solution. You will create a report that should include:
● Introduction to your program (list of requirements and screenshots of program)
● Explain some of programming paradigms. Evaluate why and how your program use these (or some of)
paradigms.
● Explain the common features of an IDE should have and evidence of how the IDE was used to manage
the development of your code.
● An evaluation of developing applications using an IDE versus developing an application without using an
IDE.
● An explanation and evaluation of the debugging process in the IDE used and how it helped with
development.
● An explanation and evaluation of coding standards used in your program and the benefits to
organisations of using them.

The working application produced must also be demonstrated together with the presentation.
Case Studies
You can choose one of following case studies to implement
Hotel Management System:
A Hotel Management System is a software built to handle all online hotel activities easily and safely. This
System will give the hotel management power and flexibility to manage the entire system from a single
online portal. The system allows the manager to keep track of all the available rooms in the system as well
as to book rooms and generate bills.
1. The system should support the booking of different room types like standard, deluxe, family suite, etc.
2. Guests should be able to search the room inventory and book any available room.
3. The system should be able to retrieve information, such as who booked a particular room, or what rooms
were booked by a specific customer.
Library Management System
A Library Management System is a software built to handle the primary housekeeping functions of a library.
Libraries rely on library management systems to manage asset collections as well as relationships with their
members. Library management systems help libraries keep track of the books and their checkouts, as well
as members’ subscriptions and profiles.
Library management systems also involve maintaining the database for entering new books and recording
books that have been borrowed with their respective due dates.
1. Any library member should be able to search books by their title, author, subject category as well by the
publication date.
2. The system should be able to retrieve information like who took a particular book or what are the books
checked-out by a specific library member.
3. User can add books with its information such as: title, author, publication date, category etc and update
it
Movie Ticket Booking System
An online movie ticket booking system facilitates the purchasing of movie tickets to its customers. E-
ticketing systems allow customers to browse through movies currently playing and book seats, anywhere
and anytime.
1. Each cinema can have multiple halls and each hall can run one movie show at a time.
2. Each Movie will have multiple shows.
3. Customers should be able to search movies by their title, language, genre, release date, and city name.
4. The customer should be able to select a show at a particular cinema and book their tickets.
Airline Management System
An Airline Management System is a managerial software which targets to control all operations of an airline.
Airlines provide transport services for their passengers. They carry or hire aircraft for this purpose. All
operations of an airline company are controlled by their airline management system.

This system involves the scheduling of flights, air ticket reservations, flight cancellations, customer support,
and staff management. Daily flights updates can also be retrieved by using the system.
1. Customers should be able to search for flights for a given date and source/destination airport.
2. Customers should be able to reserve a ticket for any scheduled flight. Customers can also build a multi-
flight itinerary.
3. Users of the system can check flight schedules, their departure time, available seats, arrival time, and
other flight details.
4. The admin of the system can add new aircrafts, flights, and flight schedules. Admin can cancel any pre-
scheduled flight (all stakeholders will be notified).
Restaurant Management System
A Restaurant Management System is a software built to handle all restaurant activities in an easy and safe
manner. This System will give the Restaurant management power and flexibility to manage the entire
system from a single portal. The system allows the manager to keep track of available tables in the system
as well as the reservation of tables and bill generation.
1. The waiter should be able to create an order for a table and add meals for each seat.
2. Each meal can have multiple meal items. Each meal item corresponds to a menu item.
3. The system should be able to retrieve information about tables currently available to seat walk-in
customers.
4. The system should support the reservation of tables.
Learning Outcomes and Assessment Criteria
Pass Merit Distinction
LO2 Explain the characteristics of procedural, object-oriented and event-driven programming,
conduct an analysis of a suitable Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
P2 Give explanations of what
procedural, object-oriented
and event-driven paradigms
are; their characteristics and
the relationship between
them.
M2 Analyse the common
features that a developer has
access to in an IDE.
D2 Critically evaluate the
source code of an application
which implements the
programming paradigms, in
terms of the code structure
and characteristics.
LO3 Implement basic algorithms in code using an IDE
P3 Write a program that
implements an algorithm
using an IDE.
M3 Use the IDE to manage the
development process of the
program.
D3 Evaluate the use of an IDE
for development of
applications contrasted with
not using an IDE.

LO4 Determine the debugging process and explain the importance of a coding standard
P4 Explain the debugging
process and explain the
debugging facilities available
in the IDE.
P5 Outline the coding
standard you have used in
your code.
M4 Evaluate how the
debugging process can be
used to help develop more
secure, robust applications.
D4 Critically evaluate why a
coding standard is necessary
in a team as well as for the
individual.

Table of Contents

ASSIGNMENT 2 ANSWERS
1. Procedural paradigm
1. Definition:
Instructional Programming (Procedural Programming) can be the first set-up that new programmers
will learn. Essentially, procedural code is code that directly executes a task in a step-by-step manner.
This model using the way to close the computer from the down treats data and procedures as two
possibly different realities. Aft on the concept of call to the processors, Instructional programming
continuously divides the program into procedures, called functions, which simply contain a series of
steps to be executed.
Simply put, Instruction Programming continues to the job of writing out a list of instructions to tell
the computer what to do step by step to complete the task.
Example: compare with imperative and declarative programming with C# language, for a set, find the
number not divisible by 2
With imperative programming, use statements to traverse a list of elements:
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With declarative programming:
1.2 Characteristics:
Object-oriented programming (Object-Oriented Programming - OOP) is an object-
oriented assistive programming technique, which has become a standard
orientator of advanced programming. The strength of the setup instruction object
is code reuse, providing a modular structure of the program explicitly, hiding
inside data, helping to simplify the programming complexity of the problem.
2. Object – oriented paradigm
2.1 Definition:
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of
"objects", which can contain data and code: data in the form of fields (often known as
attributes or properties), and code, in the form of procedures (often known as methods).
A feature of objects is that an object's own procedures can access and often modify the data
fields of itself (objects have a notion of this or self). In OOP, computer programs are designed
by making them out of objects that interact with one another. OOP languages are diverse, but
the most popular ones are class-based, meaning that objects are instances of classes, which
also determine their types.
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Many of the most widely used programming languages (such as C++, Java, Python, etc.) are
multi-paradigm and they support object-oriented programming to a greater or lesser degree,
typically in combination with imperative, procedural programming. Significant object-oriented
languages include: Java, C++, C#, Python, R, PHP, Visual Basic.NET, JavaScript, Ruby, Perl,
SIMSCRIPT, Object Pascal, Objective-C, Dart, Swift, Scala, Kotlin, Common Lisp, MATLAB, and
Smalltalk.
2.2 Characteristics of Object – oriented paradigm:
In object oriented modeling objects and their characteristics are described. In any system,
objects come into existence for playing some role. In the process of defining the roles of
objects, some features of object orientation are used. In this section we will discuss these
features, which include:
• Class and Objects
• Links and Association
• Generalization and Inheritance
2.3 Class and Object:
Object -- an encapsulation of data along with functions that act upon that data.
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An object consists of:
Name -- the variable name we give it
Member data -- the data that describes the object
Member functions -- behavior aspects of the object (functions related to the object itself)
Class -- a blueprint for objects. A class is a user-defined type that describes what a certain type of
object will look like. A class description consists of a declaration and a definition. Usually these pieces
are split into separate files.
An object is a single instance of a class. You can create many objects from the same class type.
Example: Pencil is an object. Its name is A, white, ... is called state. It is used to write, writing is called
behavior.
Object(Object) is an instance of a class(Class). A class is a pattern or design from which objects are
created. So objects are instances (results) of a class.
Create a class
Use the class keyword to create a class in C#:
Example create rectangle class with variable width and length
Create an object
An object is created from a class. We have created a class named HinhChuNhat ,
so now we can use this class to create objects.
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To create a HinhChuNhat object, specify the class name, followed by the object
name, and use the new keyword:
For example, create an object called "my Obj" and use it to print the value of
length and with
Inheritance in C# allows programmers to create a new class that inherits an existing class. That is, the
inherited class will have all the properties and methods with non-private access of the superclass.
Similar to inheritance in Java, C# only supports single inheritance (that is, a class can only inherit
another class).
The figure below is an example of inheritance in c#, specifically when creating the employee class and
the customer class, we will inherit the person class
2.4 Inheritance:
Inheritance in C# allows programmers to create a new class that inherits an existing class. That is, the
inherited class will have all the properties and methods with non-private access of the superclass.
Similar to inheritance in Java, C# only supports single inheritance (that is, a class can only inherit
another class).
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The figure below is an example of inheritance in c#, specifically when creating the NhanVien class and
the KhachHang class, we will inherit the Nguoi class.
2.5 Encapsulation:
Encapsulation in OOP Meaning: In object-oriented computer programming languages, the
notion of encapsulation (or OOP Encapsulation) refers to the bundling of data, along with the
methods that operate on that data, into a single unit. Many programming languages use
encapsulation frequently in the form of classes. A class is a program-code-template that
allows developers to create an object that has both variables (data) and behaviors (functions
or methods). A class is an example of encapsulation in computer science in that it consists of
data and methods that have been bundled into a single unit.
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Encapsulation may also refer to a mechanism of restricting the direct access to some
components of an object, such that users cannot access state values for all of the variables of
a particular object. Encapsulation can be used to hide both data members and data functions
or methods associated with an instantiated class or object.
Examples:
Restricting data fields
Languages like C++, C#, Java, PHP, Swift, and Delphi offer ways to restrict access to data
fields.
Below is an example in C# that shows how access to a data field can be restricted through the
use of a private keyword:
2.6 Abstraction:
Abstraction in C# is the process of hiding the internal details and exposing only the functionality. The
abstract complement indicates an incomplete implementation. Abstract keyword is used before class
or method to declare class or method as abstract.
C# Abstraction Example:
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2.7 Polymorphisms:
Polymorphism and Overriding Methods
Polymorphism means "many forms", and it occurs when we have many classes that are related to
each other by inheritance.
Like we specified in the previous chapter; Inheritance lets us inherit fields and methods from another
class. Polymorphism uses those methods to perform different tasks. This allows us to perform a single
action in different ways.
For example, think of a base class called Animal that has a method called animal Sound(). Derived
classes of Animals could be Pigs, Cats, Dogs, Birds - And they also have their own implementation of an
animal sound (the pig oinks, and the cat meows, etc.)
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REFERENCES
Instructions on how to write references:
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