Contextual Behavioral Science and Organisational Behaviour

The assignment provided involves analysing the behavioural science and organisational practices related to climate change. It requires referencing various sources such as books, journals, and online articles that discuss different theories and approaches in organisational behaviour, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's two-factor theory, Belbin's team roles, and Handy's four types of cultures. The assignment aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter and its applications.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a) Handy’s cultural typology (1986) to derive organizational culture within BBC...............1
b) The influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour in BBC.............................2
M1 Critical analysis of culture, politics and power of...........................................................3
organisation which influence team behaviour and performance...........................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
a) Motivation theories.............................................................................................................4
b) Improvement in working efficiency among employees of BBC by implementing
motivational techniques..........................................................................................................7
M2 Critical evaluation of influence of the behaviour through implementation of the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models................................8
D2 Critical evaluation the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation....9
PART 2............................................................................................................................................9
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
a) Different types of teams within the BBC and their importance.........................................9
b) Effectiveness of team in BBC with the help of Tuckman and Jensen’s model...............10
M3 Relevant team and group development theories to........................................................10
support the development of dynamic cooperation...............................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
a) Organisational path-goal theory to enhance team performance and productivity within the
BBC......................................................................................................................................11
b) Barriers to effective performance within the BBC..........................................................11
M4 Concepts and philosophies of OB which influence behaviour in both positive and negative
way.......................................................................................................................................12
D2 Relevance of team development theories.......................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is a study of human behaviour in the business environment which
is based on interaction and working spirit of employees (Organisational behaviour, 2017).
Report will implement use of Handy's cultural typology to analyse the organisational culture of
British broadcasting company. The firm has been facing bullying and harassment as well as staff
complaints which were increasing due to lack of control of HR department over super senior
managers of a company. Apart from this, study will evaluate different motivational theories
which can assist HR of BBC in improving working productivity and boosting the morale of
workers. Thus, the report will outline about different teams of BBC which can assist the firm in
enhancing group performance to attain competitive business goals and objectives.
PART 1
TASK 1
a) Handy’s cultural typology (1986) to derive organizational culture within BBC
Organisational typology by Handy is the best strategic model which helps in deriving
effectiveness of organisational culture. The new HR of BBC will implement the use of cultural
typology in order to analyse the cultural problems which are influencing staff turnover of
broadcasting firm. The typology is focused on 4 key areas of culture which are as follows:
 The task culture is where employer aims at grouping employees on one team according to
work. It is done on the basis of skills and capabilities of employees that consists of
maximum 4 to 5 members. In this, the team workers are selected according to their ability
to performance and job functions (Harwiki, 2013). However, Dame Janet Smith
discussed about liberacy, where employee raised the issue of transparency and lack of
communication where voices were not heard. (Paragraph 7.4) Further, in accordance with
this culture, the efforts of one team are aligned in one common direction to attain desired
objectives.
 The power culture is based on responsibilities and authorities among employer,
employees, supervisors, team leaders, etc. In accordance with this, it has been analysed
that the reason behind bullying and harassment in BBC was criticism by supervisors
which led to conflicts and need of redefining organisational structure. The uneven
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distribution of power in broadcasting firm leads to biases and favouritism which impacted
working productivity of staff members.
 Role culture is based on worker’s responsibilities and roles according to job function in
an enterprise. It is defined in an entity to enable power to senior employees for managing
the coordination and cooperation among workers.
 The personal culture of BBC is based on decision making, where the key concern of
management is on employees working ability according to individual job role (Dextras-
Gauthier, Marchand and Haines, 2012). In accordance to, Dame Janet Smith in BBC the
employee questioned the safety of work environment [Paragraph 6.5] In this the focus
manager aim at analysing talented and capable staff members who needs to be prioritise
for management effective process and for maintaining positive work environment.
 Apparently, from the analysis of British broadcasting company, it has been derived that
power culture in an enterprise is the major typological factor which can assist the
management in reducing bullying and discrimination among staff members. Division of
power among top members will restrict the authority of decision making for employees
among supervisors, which will aid in managing equivalent environment for workers.
b) The influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour in BBC
Culture, politics and power in business play a crucial role in controlling the employee’s
working productivity. In accordance with the analysis, it has been identified that these are the
core factors which have impacted organisational culture of broadcasting company. As per new
HR director, Valerie Hughes-D’Aeth, it has been discovered that there is a need to focus on three
areas of BBC that is redefining the BBC’s structure, improvised programming and content as
well as revamping its culture [Paragraph 3.3]. During revision, new HR will ensure that decision
making power will only be in the hands of top manager. With regard to determined changes, it
can be said that it is necessary for employer to make changes in functioning to protect interest of
staff members who are demotivated and wanted to leave the firm (Bae, Song and Kim, 2012).
Decision making of manager in BBC will be based on the following factors:
Power in BBC: As per division of power in broadcasting company, it has been analysed
that power among superiors is being misused. As per the identification, it can be said that for
motivation and appreciation, employee’s performance was neglected and personal relation was
considered as a priority. Degradation of staff members by supervisors on the basis of personal
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grudges was the biggest misuse of power which led to employee retention and need of redefining
power culture of BBC. Thus, it can be said that the major cause of bullying, discrimination and
harassment in enterprise was control of power.
Culture in BBC: The lack of interaction among workers is another problem which is
recognised in culture. However, from this evaluation, it has been analysed that the staff of BBC
only share formal relation of communication. Further, the workers are bound under the
boundaries of discipline and tall structure which restricts communication. Due to strict
functioning and management, employees hide their relationship which has developed a negative
image among staff for the management.
Power in BBC: Uneven distribution of power among manager and supervisors in BBC is
the major cause of politics. In this, supervisors became biased ruler who used to instruct the
employees (Cilliers and Flotman, 2016). The increase in biased decision making increased
workload and restriction for employees which led to development of political environment in
BBC. In this, the focus of administrator was on satisfying top managers which increased
workload over employees and lead to demotivation, retention and decreasing working
productivity.
Hence, as per the evaluation of culture, politics and power in BBC, new HR manager will
be focusing on restructuring power structure where every employee will be authorised. This will
help the manager in managing a healthy working environment. Further, for managing
employee’s satisfaction, the focus of firm will be on reducing pressure of supervisors. Thus, it
can be said that controlling power distribution will assist Human resource manager in managing
stability in politics, cultural and power of supervisors against employees.
M1 Critical analysis of culture, politics and power of
organisation which influence team behaviour and performance
Culture, power, politics are three crucial elements of business which helps in maintaining
effectiveness in team performance. These are the factors which aims at motivation and
demotivation of employee. However, in accordance to analyse, it has been analysed that BBC
was influenced with power culture where employee were suppressed and has no involvement in
decision making. Moreover, the culture of organisation was turning safe as the employees were
bullied and harassed by supervisors. Thus, with the change in management the focus of HR is on
layering department and restructuring power distribution for which mangamnet can make use of
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Hofstede cultural difference approach in order to manage effective in team performance and
employee working productivity. Hence, it can be said that changes assist the firm managing
employee satisfaction and interest towards competitive goals of business.
TASK 2
a) Motivation theories
Motivation is the core of an organisation where the focus of management is on boosting
morale of employees in order to attain goals of company. There are various motivational theories
which can be implemented to motivate workers and boost performance of staff members.
Theories which can helps BBC in managing staff satisfaction are as follows:
Hertz berg theory of motivation
This theory is based on hygiene and maintained factor of employees and motivational
factors (Fuchs, 2011). These are two core elements of business practices which are directly
related to employee satisfaction. In accordance with this theory, two factors for BBC are as
follows:
Motivational factors: In this focus of management is boost employee morale toward
organisational goals and objectives. The focus of factor is based on job satisfaction where the
manager will ensure sense of achievement and personal growth among employees. Further, the
manager will make sure even distribution of power ad responsibility in order to encourage
interest of employees for organisational functions
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Hygiene factors: Hygiene factors plays a critical role in managing job satisfaction of
staff members. However, to ensure safety in work environment of employees, management of
British broadcasting company will be focusing on improving working conditions, developing co-
worker’s relations and improve base wage and salary of workers in order to gain their trust.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a content theory of motivation
This is another theory of motivation which aims at protecting self-esteem, dignity and
respect of employees at workplace. In accordance with the case, it is necessary of the manager to
focus on serving self-esteem needs to employees because due to uneven distribution of power
and politics impacted positivity of culture which was the major cause of worker’s dissatisfaction
and retention. However, with the help of Ma-slow 5 steps the Hughes-D’Aeth’s will be aiming at
serving employee satisfaction for the following:
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Illustration 1: Hertz berg theory of motivation
Source: (Two Factor Theory by Frederick Herzberg, 2018)

Physiological needs: It will be based on regular breaks and intervals during working
hours to fulfil basis needs of hunger and thirst of workers.
Safety needs: In accordance with this the manager will be focus on providing job
security to employee which will helps in reducing impact of harassment and bullying face by the
staff members.
Social needs: In this HR will aim at develop both type of relationship with labours that is
formal and informal (Okurame, 2012). This strategy will assist the management in developing
sense of belongingness among employee which will help in developing interest of workers in
organisational functions.
Esteem needs: This will be based on protecting self-esteem and self-respect of employee
at workplace.
Self-actualization: In this the manager will aim at making employee analyse their worth
to overcome change of business environment. It will help to promote interest of workers in
business goals and objectives.
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Illustration 2: Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Source: (Fuchs, 2011)

Adopting to Ma-slow hierarchical model will help the management in developing sense
of belongingness and respect among employee after the case of harassment and bulling faced by
workers. In addition, to promote working spirit of workers the focus of manager will be on
encouraging communication and organising rewards and benefits.
Process theory of motivational
This theory of motivation will be implemented by HR of BBC to establish comparison
between motivation of employee in comparison to past management current style of
management. It is done on the basis of Equity and Inequity where equity helps in deriving
current situation of motivation whereas inequity will help in level of motivation required to
reduce inequity like, changing in working pattern, outcomes perception etc.
However, with the help of process theory, HR team of BBC was able to make forensics
decision to take back management and employee motivation in organisation [Paragraph 11.1].
Moreover, transactional HR, recruitment and resourcing support were taken into consideration
by Birmingham service centre that assisted in handling 9,000 queries a week which helps in
managing inequity in management of BBC [Paragraph 11.4,5].
Further, there is three dimensional theory of motivation which is proposed by Weiner B.
In this theory the motivation is based on three factors that is, stability in attributes of workers to
increase their working efficiency. In accordance to this theory the manager will be focusing on
boosting employee’s performance with the help of stability internal business environment by
redefining policies and restructuring power structure [Paragraph 3.2]. Thus, with the help of this
theoretical process the management will aim at controlling performance of workers by regularly
monitoring and reviewing. As per the learning over motivational theory, it has been determined
that it is essential for the British broadcasting firm to implement the use of theories in order to
stabilise micro environment factors. The manager will implement the use of motivation theories
for managing effective in restructuring and redefining of business process (Pan, Qin and Gao,
2014).
b) Improvement in working efficiency among employees of BBC by implementing motivational
techniques
Implying to motivation theories will assist BBC in managing job satisfaction of worker
which will assist in attaining competitive business goals and will help the firm in promoting
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reputation of company among stakeholders (Perkins, 2013). Improved level of motivation in
BBC will be recognised by manager on the basis of following:
 Increased interest of employee: Increasing interest of employee in business functions
and targets will help the HR in analysing effectiveness of motivational techniques.
Further, productive growth and increasing participation of workers in work is the best
strategy which helps the management in determining workers job satisfaction.
 Improved efficiency: Implying to motivational theories helps in determining
individual’s performance of workers. Analysis of interest ad performance of staff is the
best way to evaluate effectiveness and stability of organisational culture (Ankli and
Palliam, 2012). Similarly, offering rewards and schemes to employee on the basis of their
performance is another motivation tactic which will be implemented by manager to boost
interest and efficiency of workers with BBC. Redefining the BBC’s structure is assisting
firm in providing fantastic programming and content to revamping culture of BBC
[Paragraph 3.2,3]
 Increasing communication and reduction in conflicts: Implication of motivation
theories with restructuring and redefining power will help BBC in encouraging
communication among workers. Increasing interaction without disciplinary barriers will
help the manager in protecting interest of staff again barriers created by supervisors.
Further, HR is focusing on reorganisation of the BBC into new splits in order to bring
together specialities and promotes communication [Paragraph 5.2]. In addition, has aimed
at delayering by reducing senior managers by 40 percent to reduce control over employee
which was the major cause of dissatisfaction [Paragraph 5. 3,4].
Hence, improved functioning and management of employees with regard to business
functions is are the practices which helped HR in setting competitive targets and meeting goals.
M2 Critical evaluation of influence of the behaviour through implementation of the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models.
In accordance to implementation of motivation theories and models, it can be said that,
there are approaches which aim at basic workplace needs of employees and therefore assit in
managing motivation of employees. However, in accordance to the situation of BBC, it can be
said that it was important or the HR to make use of concept and process theory altogether, in
order to manage motivation and satisfaction of psychological needs of staff members.
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D2 Critical evaluation the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation
Motivation of employee is reflected with organisational culture, politics, power.
Therefore, it is important for the management to ensure positivity in work culture ad
environment. Effective communication among employee is source which helps in managing
positivity at workplace as it promotes employee participation in organisational function
regardless of their differences.
In accordance with changes in BBC motivational concepts and politics, culture and
power distribution, it can be recommended that management can also focus on organising team
building activities to analyse employees interest towards business.
PART 2
TASK 3
a) Different types of teams within the BBC and their importance
The business focus on developing different team in and organisation in order to gain
interest of employees and to serve customer satisfaction. Group formation in an organisation is
done on different basis which are as follows:
 Problems solving teams: These are the temporary team of an organisation where the
focus of management is on resolving employees conflicts by assigning them wok as a
team (Fuchs, 2011). The collaboration of individuals on the basis of work helps the firm
in managing effectiveness in work and improving employee relation.
 Functional team: These team are formed by manager for the specific purposes where the
focus of manager is collaborating of different skills and capabilities to attaining
competitive business goals. Theses team of BBC are specially for online broadcasting,
television service management and radio news management.
 Virtual teams: It is the technical team of an organisation where the focus of management
is on coordinating skills of employee in one direction to manage online projects and
services which are consumer centric (Jain, 2015). However, these teams of the firm are
responsible for managing online consumer queries in order to promote business.
 Project teams: These team are formed for specific purpose which is linked to business
goals and objectives. The work of these team in BBC is on the basis of time constraint,
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where the coordination and cooperation of skills and employees plays a necessary role.
These team are handles by supervisors who keeps a check on work in progress.
Thus, as per group formation of BBC, it has been analysed that the management aims
analysing skills of employees in order to coordinate employee efforts towards organisational
goals and objectives.
b) Effectiveness of team in BBC with the help of Tuckman and Jensen’s model
Tuckman and Jensen’s model of team development helps in group formation according to
different stages of work. It is implemented by HR of BBC because it helps the management in
generating high performance of employee by establishing improvement in working efficiency
(Okurame, 2012). Implication of this model helps BBC in managing effectiveness in team work
which is derived in following steps:
Forming: In this stage of team development the focus of manager is to develop skills and
capabilities of employee working in group in order to make them attentive for future challenges
and hindrance in business goals. Formation stage is basis on analysis of skills and of workers on
the basis of their job function in BBC.
Storming: In this stage the focus of management is on developing the group work by
establishing coordination and by providing training and development to employees. This
storming helps the organisation is easy management of change.
Norming: In this stage of model the manager aims at resolving group conflicts in order
to maintain effectiveness in team work (Oplatka and Stundi, 2011). Further, this is done to
enhance employee relationship in order to maintaining stability in business process.
Performing: It is the stage of execution where team performs given task by coordinating
efforts. Performance is the key step of model of team development which helps in deriving
effectiveness in team working.
Adjourning: It is the final stage project teams exist for only a fixed period and gets
disbanded through BBC restructuring.
Thus, the Tuckman model of team Management is effective for planning and forming
team as per the requirement of work. However, it is necessary for the BBC to comply with team
role shared by Beblin where, it is important for the BBC to ensure there are equal growth
opportunities and the team is working with complete motivation. Further, BBC need to focus on
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managing team development and work for which the firm will be focusing on cooperative,
perceptive and diplomatic style of management.
Apart from this, Belbin shared the concept of coordinator where, it is necessary for BBC
to assure confidence among group members which will assist the employees in cooperating
coordinating job function with maturity, skills and individual talent (The Nine Belbin Team
Roles, 2018). Thus, it can be said that, it is important for the management of BBC, to promote
monitor team functions by keeping a logical eye, making impartial judgements and deriving
corrective measure for different business situations.
M3 Relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic
cooperation.
It is necessary for the firm to make use of communication of technique with group
development theories in order to manage effectiveness in employees efforts. Like training with
group development plays a vital role in improving performance and interest of workers. Further,
informal meeting for group development can also assist BBC in development of dynamic
cooperation.
TASK 4
a) Organisational path-goal theory to enhance team performance and productivity within the
BBC.
Path Goal Theory states that the leader is in charge of certain responsibilities which
includes responsibility of providing information and support which is essential for the
employees. BBC will implement the use of this theory to focus on employee management needs
in order to keep a check over their performance. The term path goal itself explains that the leader
must choose a path for his followers which would lead his followers towards success (Daft,
2010). The path goal theory also states that the leader should clarify the subordinates about the
actions and the behaviour, he should make the followers aware about what is right and what is
wrong for them, which is followed by the followers will lead to the achievement of objective.
The theory suggests the various styles which can be followed by the leaders-
Directive Leadership: A directive leader is in charge of letting subordinate know about
their work and what is expected from them in return.
Supportive Leadership: This type of leader in BBC will aim at proving support and take
care of employee regardless of power (Pan, Qin and Gao, 2014).
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Participative Leadership: This type of leader asks for suggestions from his subordinates
and also allows him to make decisions on his own.
Achievement Oriented Leadership: This type of leader sets challenging goals for the
subordinate and expects them to perform well. They also encourage and motivate the subordinate
to achieve his objectives.
b) Barriers to effective performance within the BBC
It is essential for the business to analyse barriers to successful team performance in order
to resolve issues at initial level to minimize errors (Hashim and Wok, 2014). The focus of firm is
on creative ambition, trying new things, sharing ideas and involving others and implementing
use of advanced new technology. In accordance with team working and development of BBC,
HR analysed the barriers which can hinder team working spirit of employees which are as
follows:
 Conflicts in ideas and opinions of different employees of different department.
 Increasing work pressure impact coordination and cooperation of team performance
where the focus on individual employee is on finishing own work and not on
coordination with team efforts (Ankli and Palliam, 2012).
 Misuse of power to put forward own opinion and idea for team work is another barrier
which hinder storming and performance of group working in BBC.
 Increasing pressure on workers impacts their efficiency of performing with quality as the
workers are focused on serving quantity of work.
M4 Concepts and philosophies of OB which influence behaviour in both positive and negative
way
Organisational behaviour plays a vital role in managing behaviours of employees towards
organisation. OB depends on complexity of situation and individuals expectation from
management. As per path goal theory, it has been derived that style of leadership plays a vital
role in managing employee expectation and positivity negativity of employee behaviour.
Leadership style of supervisors plays a vital role in deriving employees expectation and
behavioural changes
D2 Relevance of team development theories
Team development theories plays crucial role in managing employee interest with
business goals. Further, team activities helps the management in managing stability in employee
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working. It promotes positive work culture and assist in managing shared perspective and values
business goals. Apart from this, team development in BBC is an effective approach because it
will help the management reducing misuse of power, work pressure, employee conflicts etc.
Thus, it can be said the team development theories are effective because it supports leadership,
job enrichments and goals setting objective of management.
CONCLUSION
The report summarized about the organisational behaviour which palsy an important role
in managing functioning of business enterprise. The report is based on OB of British
broadcasting firm which is one the leading broadcasting corporation who serves its services
across the globe. It identified about the management issues of firm which led of employee
conflicts and has impacted organisation culture. It evaluated the change in structure, values m,
power and concepts manage by new HR to maintain effective of business process and to serve
job satisfaction. Thus, it concluded by different motivation and team formation model which
assist BC in managing improvement in services such as Maslow hierarchical theory, Tuckman
and Jensen’s model and Hertz berg theory of motivation.
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