Human Resource Management and Cyber Security

This assignment focuses on human resource management, covering topics such as strategic human resource management, knowledge-based human resource management practices, intellectual capital, and innovation. It also touches on cyber security, with a mention of a cyber security graduate program. The assignment includes references to various sources, including academic journals and online resources.

Human Resource Management

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART 1............................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
a) Purpose and importance of HR function.................................................................................1
b) Weakness and strengths of current selection methods............................................................2
C) Improvement to enhance selection process............................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
a) Person specification for the role of Receptionist....................................................................4
b) Advantages and disadvantages of current methods of advertising job...................................6
c) Recommendation for placing job advert for vacancy of receptionist.....................................7
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
a) Benefit of graduate training schemes and internships to employees and Microsoft...............8
b) Flexible working arrangements and its benefits to employees and Microsoft.......................9
c) Motivation among workers of Microsoft through designing of job roles.............................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
a) Employee engagement and its importance in employee relationships in Microsoft.............11
b) Approaches to engage workers and its importance in improving communication...............12
c) Key UK employment legislation and their influence on HR decisions................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Management of people at work which includes planning, organising, directing, staffing
is refer to managing humans. It is the sequence of process that binds people with organisation
and help them in acievement of both individual as well as organisational goal. The report will
outline the purpose and importance of HR function of Chocolate presence. ‘Chocolate Presence’
is a company based in North Yorkshire which is expanding it operations with a increasing pace
and speed which provides hand made chocolate-based greetings cards to its customers across
UK.
Also, the study outlines the selection methods which are very important to hire the
appropriate person. The two-selection process will be discussed in project report that are
assessment test and informal interview, and also the advantages and disadvantages will be
discussed in this report. Also, person specification for post of a receptionists will be highlighted
in the report. Even the graduate scheme and apprenticeship programmes of Microsoft and
benefits thereof will be discussed in the adjoining report discussed. With these programmes, the
flexible working arrangement and their benefits are going to be discussed in the report below.
Even how employees will be motivated through designing of job roles will also be a topic in the
following report.
PART 1
TASK 1
a) Purpose and importance of HR function
HR function is charged with finding, screening, recruiting and training job applicants. Its
work is to manage employee from recruitment to retirement (Noe, Hollenbeck, 2017). The
different HR functions in company's context are:
Recruitment and selection of employees
It involves inviting candidates then selecting potemtial candidates for the particular job
requirement bnased on their skills and knowledge. The purpose of recruitment and selection
process is to vacant right person at the correct job at the time when it is required. Their
importance is to find quality candidates to save time and cost of the company.
The current recruitment and selection process of Chocolate presence company is that they
conduct their own assessment test on English and Maths and based on that they recruit
candidates and the candidates who pass go through an informal interview of 15 minutes. On

based on current situation analysis HR manager will change the informal way of interview to
formal way and also rather than selecting candidates based on assessment test, he will judge
them on their chocolate making skills as that is more relevant (Jensen, 2017).

Training and development
It is the process of improving current abilities of employees for efficient working by
training them and providing them with knowledge and skills that will lead to their and company's
development. The purpose of training and development is to enhance skill and growth of
employee and bridging the gap between planning and implementation (Bailey, Mankin, and
Garavan, 2018). The importance of training and development is it led to improvement of
performance and increase productivity.
Currently Chocolate presence does not train its company efficiently and number of
people failed their probationary period. To deal with this problem the HR manager will train the
trainees more effectively by making a proper schedule of training and will keep in touch with the
trainees if they have any queries.
b) Weakness and strengths of current selection methods
Selection methods are the methods by which firm uses specific instruments to choose
from a pool of candidates given company's goal and requirements. The selection methods used
by Chocolate presence with their weakness and strength are -
 Assessment test - The Chocolate presence company for the selection of employees use
assessment method. They conduct assessment test of the employees based on English
Comprehension and Maths. They can give it online or in person. They have fixed 50
percent criteria as passing mark for both the subjects. Those who pass the test get their
references checked and then employees get selected for further training. The advantages
and disadvantages of this process in chocolate presence is as follows:
Advantage Disadvantage
 It helps in testing the knowledge of the
person who will be employed in the
company.
 It is a simple method to select
candidates and does not involve
complexities.
 It is a time-consuming process as it
takes another person to evaluate the
results of candidates who has given the
test. It is also cost ineffective as it
involves the expenditure of paper and
pen.
 It is not an efficient way of selecting
candidates for Chocolate company as it

need innovation and skills not aptitude.
 Informal interviews – Informal interviews are the interviews conducted between
employer and employee informally. The Chocolate presence company has also used this
method to select their candidates (Brewster, 2017). In this method the company just take
the interview for 15 minutes in a form of chat. They talk with employees and create a
friendly and comfortable environment. The advantages and disadvantages of this process
are -
Advantage Disadvantage
Creates a friendly and comfortable
environment for employees.
The duration of interviews is very small which
can lead to wrong selection of employee and
can affect the productivity of company
C) Improvement to enhance selection process
The 2 improvement to enhance the selection process of Chocolate Presence can be -
 The assessment instead of based on English comprehension and Maths should be based
on questions related to cooking, baking, flavours of chocolates and ingredients used in
chocolates to make sure that whoever the company is hiring has a basic knowledge about
chocolates. Also, while taking an assessment online and in person, it can focus on just in
person because in online test there is a chance of misconduct whereas in person employer
gets a chance to judge the person, his knowledge, personality and skills. This will
enhance selection process (Barrena-Martinez, ópez-Fernández and Romero-Fernandez,
2018). Also, before taking any assessment test of the candidates they should be given
details about the job. They must know the designation and description of every aspect of
position, how much experience is needed, job expectations, and daily tasks to be
performed
 The process of informal interview can be changed to enhance selection process. The
informal way of interview is a nice technique to interview candidates as it creates relax
and comfortable atmosphere for candidates and they feel confident and free to share their
views but the only problem in this process is insufficient time given to the interview.

Instead of 15 minutes it can be increased to 30 minutes so that employer gets a clear idea
about the person and his attitude and knowledge about the work. The more time
employer will take to interview the candidate and selecting him the less time he will have
to take in train them. Interview is also a two-way process and it should work like that.
Enough time should be available for both employer and employee to ask each other
questions and queries. By improving this process selection process can be enhanced.
TASK 2
a) Person specification for role of Receptionist
Person specification – Receptionist
The post holder require to be able to demonstrate the various qualities and skills to a high
level and use this efficiently in their profile of work (Brewster, 2017). It is more important than
to have direct experience in the field. of job content, and company will be looking for following
competencies during the process of selecting candidates. Qualities to have in the candidate are-
Attributes Item Relevant criteria Essential/
Desirable
Core
competencies
 Customer focus (Should be able
to deal with problems and queries
of customers regarding quality of
chocolates, packaging on calls
and in person) etc.
 Good and adequate
communication skills with
fluency.
 Self-motivated and should
motivate others as well with good
attitude towards work.
 Ability to work unsupervised and
sincerely.
E
E
E
E

Skill and
abilities
 Communication skills.
 Ms Office knowledge (Ms Word,
Ms Excel, Ms power point)
 Language proficiency with
certificate.
 Answering & forwarding calls to
respective departments.
 Maintaining stock of client
stationary.
 Completing administrative
paperwork.
 Have the ability to deal with
difficult situations in case of
customer's complaint.
E
E
D
E
D
E
D
General and
specialist
knowledge
 Knowledge about HR system of
company.
 Knowledge about operational
systems and processes of
company.
E
E
Relevant and
experience
 Ability to promote company's
image to customers.
 A good standard of image
presentation.
 Experience of greeting customers
and making them feel welcome in
positive and friendly manner.
D
D
D

 Hold a certificate from
recognised organisation. D
Special
requirement
s
 Proficiency in other languages
with certificates to deal with
customers outside the country.
 Degree of college from
recognised university.
 Certificates of participation in
culinary activities.
D
b) Advantages and disadvantages of current methods of advertising job
Current methods of job advertising used by Chocolate presence are internally within the
organisation and by inviting candidates outside the organisation by placing noticeboard outside
the organisation(Sparrow and et.al, 2016. ). The Chocolate presence company use both the ways
to invite applicants for jobs.
Within the organisation – In this process the job vacancy circulates internally within the
existing employees by promotion or by inviting their relatives and friends so that if new person
will join the organisation it can be easy to train them as the person joining will already be related
to existing employees.
Advantages Disadvantages
This process is cost effective in nature as no
training or a very little training is required.
This process initiates lack of knowledge,
creativity and innovation.
It saves the time and energy of employees and
employer.
It circles around limited people of the
organisation and hence lead to less diversity.
Notice board outside the organisation – In this process the Chocolate presence company
placed notice board outside the organisation to invite job applicants from outside the
organisation (Eaton, 2017). As the company need employees for its production and
administration area and the company is situated in the area where people are highly unemployed

therefore the company focuses on inviting applicants outside the organisation because as people
are unemployed, they won’t demand high salary.
Advantages Disadvantages
As new people join the company, it leads to
more talent and creativity.
Company is situated in the area of
unemployment, it will lead to employment
opportunities for people and efficient working
of company.
It will lead to loss of resources and time as
trainers will train the new candidates which
will affect human resources of the company
and also will be time consuming and cost
inefficient.
It will lead to increase in competition as new
employees will join the company, existing
employees will feel competent and work might
suffer.
c) Recommendation for placing job advert for vacancy of receptionist
Through Local Newspapers
To select the most appropriate person for the job of receptionist at the Chocolate
Presence Company should give their advertisement in newspapers so that it will find more
candidates. The company should choose that Newspaper that have advertisers similar to the type
of company or the job they need to fill.
Through online sites of job
There are a lot of of job websites where Chocolate Presence Company should advertise
the vacant profile which is usually free of cost, usually every industry has one or more job
websites focused toward specific types of jobs (Kianto, Sáenz, and Aramburu, 2017). The
websites normally charge a fee to post a job, but it is a reasonable cost for reaching such a wide,
targeted audience in one step. The online job advertising helps in poling diverse range of
candidates for particular job.
Through Trade Publications
The Chocolate Presence Company can search the publications that read or scan regularly
for the business, whether in print form or online. The chances are high that job seekers find the

advertisement ans apply for the job (McPherson, 2017). Many print publications are available as
well which are same as print media or somewhat different. The Company can give the
advertisement in both the mediums of publication to attract more applicants.
Through Social Networking sites
The Chocolate Presence Company should post receptionist job openings on social
networking sites to pool diverse range of candidates. These sites are used by wide range of
people so job seekers will be targeted in huge proportion. The Company can post vacancy on
blogs, Facebook, Instagram, etc.
PART 2
TASK 3
a) Benefit of graduate training schemes and internships to employees and Microsoft
The graduate training scheme provided by Microsoft includes Cyber Security Graduate,
2019. Specifically, for Security candidates where employees develop knowledge and awareness
of the cyber threat landscape. This is in the context of supported customer solutions and their
business impact (Cyber Security Graduate, 2019.). It will include investigation and analysis of
potential alerts/security incidents. Here training is given for Windows Server, Windows Client,
TCP/IP networking, AD management, MCSE/MCITP or equivalent, VMware and Cloud
technologies, Windows 8, Exchange 2007 or above, and Cyber Technology
Benefit to employees: Benefit is that the employees are trained on the job which supports
individual learning. They do not have to take leave from the job and then go for training
program. They get thorough knowledge of all the recent developments in the environment.
Benefit to Microsoft: the company is benefitted from the fact that all the employees will get
trained and will work exceptionally well because in the training they will be educated to the
latest trends (Howells, 2016).
Microsoft also launched Microsoft Apprenticeship Programme in 2010 to give,
motivated and promising young people a vital first step in their ICT careers. Apprenticeship is a
system of training with on- the job and often some accompanying study (Microsoft wants more
students to ‘earn and learn’ in apprenticeships, 2018).
Benefits to employees: It builds skills among the employees, increases their productivity and
competitiveness and creativity.

Benefits to Microsoft: Benefit to the company is that it attracts numbers of highly qualified
applicants, increase productivity, reduce absenteeism, reduce turnover,, and improve employee
relations and also reduce the cost of training (Karadjova, 2016. ).
b) Flexible working arrangements and its benefits to employees and Microsoft
Flexible working arrangements provide a management alternative for niche situation. The
working arrangement of Microsoft is as follows: -
Flexible Working
Arrangements
Benefits to Employees Benefits to Microsoft
Stay healthy and plan for
future: Whatever is the goal
of the employees, Microsoft
offers plenty of ways to help
employees to save for the
future.
Benefit to employee is that his
goals and objectives are
achieved with less efforts.
Benefit to the company will be
that as the employees are
satisfied, so, they will not
switch the job. Hence it will
lead to labour retention for
Microsoft.
Take time away: Microsoft Benefit is that employees job Microsoft enjoys the benefit of
Illustration 1: Flexible working arrangement in Microsoft
(Source: Make the most of life, 2019)

offer generous vacation, and
holidays to spend with family
or pursue interest outside of
work.
satisfaction increases and
because of that they work to
their fullest capacity.
less labour turnover as the
employees are satisfied, they
do not leave the organisation.
Job sharing: Microsoft uses a
policy of job sharing which
means if one employee has
more work than he can share it
with other employee.
Benefit is that employees will
think that the organisation
thinks about him and cares for
him, so he will perform well.
Company is benefitted by the
fact that coordination will
increase among peer
employees and team
development will take place.
Safe and productive
workplace: Microsoft
maintains a work environment
which motivates every
employee to do their best
work. A safe workplace
encourages trust and allows
everyone to contribute and
succeed in their work.
Employees inculcate the
feelings of belongingness
among all the peers and
colleagues.
For Microsoft, coordination is
improved among employees
and employees treat each other
with respect.
c) Motivation among workers of Microsoft through designing of job roles
Motivation is the reason for people doing any work or willingness to achieve the goals or needs.
These needs can also be named as wants or desires which are fulfilled through influence of
culture, society, lifestyle, etc. Job design is a core function of human resource management and it
is related to the specification of methods, contents, and relationship of jobs. Motivation among
workers through designing of job roles can be as follows:
Job Rotation: It means exchanging employees from one job role to another job at regular
intervals. It is a good way for employees to acquire new skills and in turn for organisation to
increase the overall skill level of their employees. When employees move to different positions,
they are trained to perform different tasks, which increases their skills (Liu, Gong, and Huang,
2017). In addition, job rotation is a way of transferring knowledge between different

departments. Rotation may also have the benefit of reducing employee boredom. Job rotation is a
motivational technique for the employees of Microsoft because they acquire new skills that keep
them marketable in the long run.
Job Enlargement: It refers to increasing the level of task performed by employees and
add more variety to the job. Job enlargement may have similar benefits like job rotation, because
it also involves teaching employee multiple tasks. Research shows that when jobs are enlarged,
employees view themselves as being capable of performing a broader set of tasks. Job
enlargement is beneficial for employee motivation because it is positively related to employee
satisfaction and higher quality customer services.
Job Enrichment: It is a type of job design which allows the worker to have more control
over how they perform their own task (Mosier, and Skitka, 2018). As an alternative to job
specialization, companies using job enrichment may experience positive outcomes, like reduced
turnover, increased productivity and reduced absenteeism. This may be because employees who
have the authority and responsibility over their work can be more efficient, eliminate
unnecessary task, take shortcuts and increase their overall performance.
TASK 4
a) Employee engagement and its importance in employee relationships in Microsoft
Employee engagement is the extent to which employees feels passionate about their jobs
and work culture. It is the efforts made by employer of firm to involve employee in business
decision making processes. Employee Engagement is a fundamental concept showing
relationship between Employee and the Microsoft Organisation in the effort to understand and
describe, both qualitatively and quantitatively nature in terms of Employee commitment. It also
shows their level of motivation, involvement and emotional commitment.
Employee engagement strategies is being important part of Microsoft because it helps in
reducing labour turnover, improve productivity and efficiency and to earn more profits.
Engaging employees in Microsoft is crucial as it helps in empowering and connecting workplace.
It increases the organizational efficiency by sharing common resources and applications. It helps
in training, communicating and sharing information with streams. It creates transparency and
keeping everyone from leadership. It is important for Microsoft to create more and better work,
stay long with their organization and to win the best customers for the future.

The Employees are truly engaged with the Microsoft Organisation and the company’s
reports is being improved. The Microsoft Company is gaining Employees retention through this
Employee Engagement Strategy. Further, engaging employees support earning customer
satisfaction because in this all the employees work collaboratively on queries and issues. Their
sales metrics is being improved and they are earning overall profitability (Rees, and Smith,
2017). The great workplace culture of the Microsoft company treats employees as stakeholders
of their future. The Microsoft Company is meeting employee engagement by putting their
attention on concrete performance and management activities, such as clarifying work
expectations, getting employees what they need to do in their work, providing development
opportunities, and promoting positive co-worker relationships. As a result, their employees are
creating more and better work environment and staying longer with the Microsoft Organisation.
b) Approaches to engage workers and its importance in improving communication
The approaches which help Microsoft in employee engagement and communication are as
follows: -
YAMMER- It encourages employees to communicate openly to build transparency,
create stronger communities by sharing best practices. Yammer helps to improve engagement
with everyone in organisation. Yammer helps you improve engagement with everyone in your
organization through social networking. Build communities of employees who have same
interest to bring employees together around shared topics, interests, or areas of practice. After
that it gathers ideas and feedback from across network of colleagues to build on the work of
others and achieve better outcomes.
The hub for teamwork- it is an approach which helps in communicating though
threaded and persistent chat and keep everyone in the knowledge. Microsoft team has designed
for all the types of meeting needs, like team meetings to live streaming, dialling into a
conference call, or hosting a meeting with Skype room system. It helps in making
communication more effective and helps in keeping the team secure.
Share point- It share and manage content, knowledge, and application to empower
teamwork, quickly find information and seamlessly collaborate across the organisation. It aims at
connecting the employees at workplace with a modern natively mobile intranet. It increases the
organizational efficiency by sharing common resources and applications on portals of every

employee. It includes finding content and expertise with personalized, intelligent search with
help of Office 365.
Microsoft stream- It means communicating and inspiring with the employees with help
of intelligent videos. It means creating, discovering and sharing videos within a small team, or
across an entire organisation. It is a modern approach of employee engagement by using video
for training, communication and sharing information with stream. Make your communications
by reaching the entire company and keeping everyone connected, bringing even remote teams
together with the personalized power of video.
c) Key UK employment legislation and their influence on HR decisions
UK employment legislation influencing HR decision making are specifically based on
recruitment, training and development and reward. Some of the common employment
legislation complied by HR manager of Microsoft are discussed below:
 National Minimum Wage Act 1998: Any worker which is recruited from 1st April 2018
has been given £7.83 per hour for workers aged over 25, £7.38 per hour for workers aged
21 to 24, and £5.90 per hour for workers aged 18 to 20 by the Human Resource
Management Department. This Act influence the decision making of Human Resource
department in conducting Recruitment and training process (Brewster, 2017).
Recruitment process of Microsoft has become costly after this amendment but workers
are feeling highly motivated after the increment in their wages which is being beneficial
in their training process done by the Human Resource department.
 Equality Act 2010: The Equality Act 2010 legally protects employees and workers from
discrimination practices in the Organisation (Horwitz, 2015). The employees belong to
different culture backgrounds which is making difficult for Human Resource department
to tackle their employees in the training process because everyone is known with
different languages of their region so it is the harder task to explain particularly in one
language. In accordance with Equality and diversity the focus of Human Resources
department is on making use of similar language in training sessions which is understood
to all like English. Treating employees equally is the biggest concern of Microsoft to
promote diversity, innovation and shared practices at workplace (Wright, 2018.).
 Employment Rights Act 1996: The Act is impacting the decisions of Human Resource
Management Department including particulars of employment recruitment, leaves, study

or training process and termination of the Employees. The Act also provides protection of
wages and payments so the Human Resource Department need to take care of that fair
wages and payments is being made to new recruited employees. In Microsoft HR
manager is responsible for communicating changes to employees which includes unfair
dismissal, reasonable notice before dismissal, time off rights for parenting, redundancy
and ensuring flexible working time to the Employees (Adjibolosoo, 2018).
Further, the legislation and tax changes impacting reward since from April 2018, Certain
changes are being made in tax and legislation reward from 1 April 2018, statutory maternity, sick
paid leave is being increased from £89.35 a week to £92.05 a week from 6 April 2018 (Scott,
2018). The Human Resource department is being managing the pay leave of the Employees in
accordance with this law. The lifetime allowances for pension saving is being increased by 3%,
from 6 April 2018 which is being given by Human Resource Department. The tax-free personal
allowances are being raised from £11,500 to £11,850 from April 2018.
CONCLUSION
After doing the analysis the report 'Human Resource Management', the report concludes
about human resource function which is very important for every organisation. Also, it outlined
the selection methods are very important to hire the appropriate person. The two-selection
process discussed in project report are assessment test and informal interview, also the
advantages and disadvantages are discussed in the report. Also, person specification for post of a
receptionists is highlighted in the report. Even the graduate scheme and apprenticeship
programmes of Microsoft and benefits thereof have been discussed above. With these
programmes, the flexible working arrangement and their benefits are discussed in the above
report. Even how employees will be motivated through designing of job roles is also discussed in
the adjoining report. Also, employee’s engagement and approaches to engage employees are also
discussed.

REFERENCES
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Jensen, R.S., 2017. Pilot judgment and crew resource management. Routledge

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