Human Resource Management Research

This assignment focuses on analyzing various aspects of human resource management. It requires students to demonstrate their understanding of core HR concepts, theoretical frameworks, and practical applications within organizations. The analysis should encompass topics such as strategic HRM, talent management, employee engagement, and the role of HR in shaping organizational performance.

Human Resource Development
Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Comparison of different learning styles in an organisation..................................................3
P2. Learning Curve and importance of learning transfer in the workplace................................4
P3. Importance of learning style and theories in planning and designing a learning event........5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P1. Compare training needs for staff at various level in the organisation..................................6
P2. Discuss advantages and Disadvantages of imparting training through various methods.....7
P3. Define a systematic approach to plan training event on any required area...........................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P1. Construct evaluation form mentioning learnings of staff members and feedback about
trainer..........................................................................................................................................9
Evaluation form.........................................................................................................................10
P2. Carry out evaluation process by noticing responses of evaluation form............................11
P3. Review how successful was the Evaluation Form..............................................................11
TASK 4 .........................................................................................................................................12
P1. The role of government with regards to training, development and lifelong learning.......12
P2. The development of the competency movement has impacted public and private sector..13
P3. Assess how contemporary training initiatives by the UK government has contributed To
human resource development....................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Human Resource Development is a very important process of any organisation which
focuses on training and development of personnel to enhance their skills. Human resource is
considered important asset of any organisation as they are the one who will lead to achievement
of final goals and objectives. It is the duty of human resource manager to carry out such
processes and motivate them to attain set targets. This project throws light on Mark and Spencer
company who engages around 20000 employees. Human resource department plays a important
role in such big organisation. This report includes various learning styles that are adopted by
organisation. There is importance of imparting training to employees. Company and government
work together to carry out such process and leads to attain organisation's mission and vision. The
government plays an important role in achieving such goals and objectives. This report also
includes training initiatives used in contemporary or modern time.
TASK 1
P1. Comparison of different learning styles in an organisation
Learning is a process of gaining new concepts and methods to carry out their job in
business. As everyone is different and carry unique attitude for working in organisational culture.
There are number of learning approaches that are evaluated by company and assessed by them to
execute such procedures in system (Knowl, 2014). There are number of learning styles available
which have certain advantages and disadvantages associated with it. As everyone possess certain
attitudes like variant style of grasping power, hearing, listening hence the power of performing
task is also different. Majorly two learning style are discussed below such as:
Honey and Mumford Learning style: this learning style was coined by Peter honey and
Alan Mumford in year 1986. They give division into four parts or stages, they are:
Activist: They are those people which continuously focuses on acquiring new and fresh
knowledge regarding task.
Reflector: It consists of people who have different style of learning skills by observing
and analysing it in proper way. They excel in learning and listening power. As compared to
Activist they have excellent working power.

Theorist: They have logical and analytical skills. Their mind is involved in taking new
challenges. They have unique style of working and keeps on examining new things.
Kolb learning Style: It was coined by David Kolb in 1984. It is also divided in four
stages which are mentioned below:
Divergent: They keep on looking in environment which is dynamic in nature. After
analysing it in proper way they provide their point of view regarding it. Hence, they are keen
observant. One can follow the learning style because it is obvious enough that people can
perform much better in those conditions that needs some generation of ideas. Also, it has been
observed that people with this learning style tends to have wider cultural interests. Also, they
find it interesting to collect the data and information.
Assimilative: This preference is considered to have a logical approach. Instead of some
practical opportunity, such people needs a better explanation of the thoughts and ideas. They
stand apart from rest of the people as they have different thinking process. The reason they act
different is that they keep their focus on sound theories instead of practical factors.
Convergent: they are very practical in nature, apply different methods to adopt
approaches in facing various type of risks associated to it. People with this style are considered
of the capability to solve the issues and problems as they make use of their own thoughts and
ideas to conclude the solution. Such people are more attracted to the tasks, whether they are
practical or technical. Usually more focus is kept on the technical ones.
Accommodation: They are very keen in facing difficult situation and respond it
accordingly (Armstrong, 2014). It is because instead of deciding the factors before and rely on
logic, it focuses on intuitions. Rather than thinking and understanding the issue, usually these
people relies on taking the information from others.
P2. Learning Curve and importance of learning transfer in the workplace
Learning curve can be described as the graphical presentation of the fact that from a
wider experience, how much maximization can be observed in the process of learning. Learning
curve can help one in achieving various factors in an organisation. Some well known examples
of it can be considered as the pricing decision as it is based on the estimation that the company
has made for future costs, Schedule of the whole work force as it is also based on the future
needs and requirements. So, there is a huge importance of the learning curve that helps in

achieving various factors in a work place. Transfer of learning can be considered as sharing the
ideas, information with some other body. It is also considered as an effective process as it helps
in increasing the knowledge of one because when ideas and thoughts are shared, it automatically
maximizes the inner knowledge. Learning helps in examining something which processes
anything on individuals. Learning curve helps in finding out learning aspects adopted by each
person in effective and efficient manner. This helps in guiding the person and correct direction. It
aids in providing proper path to evolve in excellent manner in achieving set goals and objectives
in set time frame.
Importance of Learning curve: Curve is drafted in graph presentation which renders
content about skills and development of each employee. The final results are calculated which
can be positive and negative. If it is negative in nature, proper steps are taken to overcome such
hindrances. There are various procedures of learning, some are discussed below:
 Face issues or risks: there are number of problems that are rise in front of employees in
the company system. Hence, by drawing learning curve it helps in reducing such
challenges. There are challenges which are not known by business and can arise
suddenly. Therefore, learning curve assist in facing such challenges and difficult issues
(Bratton, 2012).
 Increase in Values: Learning curves are formulated for drawing path that has to be
achieved by each individual and therefore, helps in adding value to their working process.
 Gaining Money Value: Finance is something which is the important asset in any
company. It is very essential to maximise the value of money in each day. Money is
utilised in many business activities like in manufacturing process, attaining raw materials,
providing training to present employee etc. hence, it is the basic aim to utilise such
resource in proper manner.
P3. Importance of learning style and theories in planning and designing a learning event
Learning styles are considered as theories that helps in sharing the knowledge between
individuals. Deciding the learning style is an important step as it depends on the nature of the
situation. The particular learning style is the one that helps in deciding a learning event. So,
while designing a learning event, there is a huge importance of the learning events because they
can help in implementing the operations more efficiently and appropriately. It helps in providing

a base to the designing of the learning event. So, the learning event should be chosen much
efficiently so that it can make the planning as well as the designing more effective.
Learning is a positive process carried out in every organisation. There are number of
theories which have some aims and objectives (Brewster, 2017). It is the duty of organisation to
adapt such theories which helps in accomplishing their vision. Mark and Spencer provide various
actions in achieving objectives and goals. It is the responsibility of human resource manager to
apply learning theory in examining needs and wants of people. There are basically two styles of
learning discussed that is Honey and Mumfold style and Kolb style. These styles are properly
implemented in organisation system so that it can able to reach high targets. Employees are able
to alter their skills and quality so that they can reach to growth and development stage. Learning
event is planning the process of learning that must be deliver to persons of company.
TASK 2
P1. Compare training needs for staff at various level in the organisation
Training process helps in increasing present knowledge level and skills to work in more
effective manner. Training and development programmes are beneficial in all ways. Moreover, it
aids in accepting different challenges and needs of external as well as internal environment
(Anderson, 2013). It also helps in augmenting coordination in working process of employees.
Mark and Spencer engage many employees in their organisation hence, there is need to impart
training at frequent time. Every management is divided in three levels broadly:
Individual : Individual training is the most important training because self learning skills
can help in gaining idea more widely about different factors. Also, it provides a sort of
nourishment to the previous knowledge.
Departmental : Under this segment of management level, training is necessary to
improve present performances in effective manner. This level involves subordinates of top level.
They basically help in carrying out work in achieving final set goals. Hence, training plays a
prominent role at this level.
Organisational : It involves the set of training that is being provided by the company
itself. A proper induction is fixed in order to make the employees aware of their roles and
responsibilities.

P2. Discuss advantages and Disadvantages of imparting training through various methods
It is the role of Human resource manager to find out the needs of training and set time
accordingly. Skill Enhancement is very much important is today's business environment as it is
dynamic in nature therefore, to meet such challenges increasing ability and cognition is equally
important (Scullion, 2011). Every aspect has two sides, there are number of pros and cons of
training process. There various methods of imparting training system, it is discussed below:
On the job Training: This method defines of providing training while working in job. It
helps in increasing productive employees as they learn while working. There are various
advantages and disadvantages of this method:
Advantages Disadvantages
It helps in inducing new into existing skill
level. People are provided with practical
knowledge.
It is a time-consuming training method. Hence,
it lessens the productiveness of individual.
It is easy task that allows workers to execute
work process and perform according to set
outcomes.
This process is costly in nature. As it has to be
performed during working period of time. If
there can be chances of producing loss and
wastes that results in decreasing ratio.
Off the job training method: Under this method, training sessions are conducted away
from the job location. It is carried out in form of Group discussion, lectures, class room
presentations and other forms.
Advantages Disadvantages
It is time saving technique as no production
activity is taking place.
It is most expensive as separate arrangement
must be made.
It involves no practicality work. It is
completely based on theoretical basis.
Production work activity cannot be undertaken,
because of deficiency of work place area.
The four methods are described as under :

Role playing
By means of it, the workers can experience the roles and responsibilities of other workers
as well. An advantage of this is that they will get to know about some different role as it will
increase their knowledge. A disadvantage of it is that they may take some more time in
understanding the role.
Induction
An advantage of this process will be that employees will get to know about their role.
The disadvantage can be that much amount of information at single time only can make them
feel burdened.
Appraisals
An advantage of this is that it helps the employees in staying focused. Disadvantage can
be that the employees can make benefits as they can focus less after appraisals.
Workshops
An advantage of this can be considered as that employees will get to learn more about the
specific factor. They can gain a huge amount of information. Disadvantage can be that if
employees will not focus on those workshops, it can put the company in loss.
P3. Define a systematic approach to plan training event on any required area
A systematic approach can help in making an efficient and appropriate event. Every
company have to execute in proper way to full fill training needs through aligning their
objectives with company's vision and final objectives (Chelladurai, 2017). In order to plan a
training programme there are certain systematic approaches that has to be followed, some are
mentioned below:
Requirement
it is the human resource manager who have to study the needs and requirement of
training that has to be imparted. There are number of departments in single organisation hence,
they different needs that has to be met. Training areas are thus formulated in that way
(Bamberger, 2014).
Aims and Objectives
Every training programme is developed in order to met certain objectives. As there are
basically two types of methods of training which is discussed above. Company have to choose
that option that fits best in their organisation system.

Development
The action plans are executed in order to execute training plans in the organisation
system. Objectives are set which provide basis for delivering such plans in to real action (Guest,
2011).
Execution
Under this step training is put into action in practical manner. Employees are motivated
to generate thoughts and ideas in order to put it in real work time.
Controlling and examining
This is the last step in training process where mangers have to evaluate the work which is
imparted during training session. It measures the actual performance with the standard action, to
find out the deviations which can be improved in the future. Controlling helps in finding out
lacking areas which has to be control properly.
TASK 3
P1. Construct evaluation form mentioning learnings of staff members and feedback about trainer
Human resource development consists of many roles and obligations. They have to
perform certain functions like recruitment, selection, training and development process. Training
is considered as an essential programme to enhance individual's skills and knowledge.
Evaluation aids in finding out that areas that must be improved in any cost. It is very important to
note down the feedbacks or ideas of individual, to know their idea of thinking process (Daley,
2012).
Mark and Spencer, delivers various types of training programmes to their employees on
basis of Donald Kirkpatrick's framework. This framework provides four models to monitor
performance of employees:
Reaction: As the name suggests, under this phase reaction of individuals are noted down.
It involves collecting feedbacks from people regarding it. To obtain feedbacks there are number
of ways to collect it some are:
 Framing of close and open-ended questionnaires, that require answers in yes or no.
 Use rating system ranging from 1 to 5.

Learning stage: this stage involves examining learning which is imparted to their
candidates. Superior can use various techniques like skill testing etc.
Behaviour: Under this, trainer will evaluate their trainees for longer period. It is
important to study the behaviour of candidates.
Result: It concentrates on getting the desired results after delivering training sessions.
The results can be focused on reducing turnover, absenteeism or maximizing quality to
significant level. These results provide help in finding out deviations to solve such situation in
appropriate manner (Meredith Belbin, 2011).
Evaluation form
Seminar E-Learning Session and action
learning
Subject  Selecting
 Recruiting
Computer
information and
understanding
Well communication
Learning Employees get aware
of their role
Clearing the tests
after learning E-
Learning modules
Feedback is taken
from employees
Behaviour Implementation of
new modules and
approaches
Modified tools are
being used
Learning can be
analysed from the
confidence of the
employees.
Reaction Employees to stay
active in sessions.
Employees finding
their interest.
A well and effective
interaction

Results Implementation of
the new approaches
have been successful
Improvement in the
format of the report
Improvement can be
seen in the confidence
of the employees at
individual level
P2. Carry out evaluation process by noticing responses of evaluation form
Mark and Spencer highlight the importance of evaluation process. It helps in examining
the performance level of their employees. Training should aim in increasing their current
position to higher level. Responses of everyone is assessed in evaluation form. HR department
got an opportunity to measure everyone's level of knowledge and skill. There are certain steps
that has to be followed correctly:
Creation of Evaluation form: This form is created by HR manager that includes some
elements that has to be made in order to evaluate performances of each individual. Evaluation
form basically aims in finding out the perceptions of people regarding it.
Looking for Performance tools: This manager examines the job description of every
person and choice those elements that has to be properly measured. There are various kinds of
tools available to measure performance at individual and organisation level.
Plan regarding feedbacks: Feedbacks helps in finding out the problem that is associated
with working of workers. HR manager should provide feedback form to their employees and
helps in full-filling their feedbacks in proper way. Plans are formulated in strategic way, so that
feedbacks which is of negative nature can be met out in proper manner. On the other hand,
positive feedbacks can be taken into consideration.
Draft an Evaluation agenda: This is done after carrying out above steps in proper and
accurate method. Many companies have different methods of evaluation. They have to choose
according to their policy in company. For example, Institution have to carry out such process
within 30 days or more than that.
P3. Review how successful was the Evaluation Form
Evaluation is a process of studying the outcomes that are achieved in training programs.
Evaluation is the areas which can be study in effective way so that phases that need lots of
improvements. These are areas that contains some importance in it. Feedbacks helps in getting

information or details regarding that concepts that has to be successfully evaluates in effective
and efficient manner. The issues that can be arise is known after taking feedbacks from every
individual. As every people is different from each other, hence their point of view is also
different in various measures. It is the obligation of Human resource department to create plans
for such execution of feedbacks. These feedbacks can be positive or negative which has to be
solved accordingly. Like negative responses has to be analysed in proper way to remove such
issues on the other hand positive feedbacks are welcomed in development process. In relation to
mark and Spencer company, feedbacks are very essential as it is a large-scale company which
involves many numbers of employees engaged in different departments. There is necessity to
evaluate their performance and increase their productivity level in significant manner. The
evaluation always aims in obtaining set targets and objectives that are of strategic nature. These
responses are very necessary as it helps in taking graph at higher level. The evaluation form is
very successful after providing training needs to their persons of organisation. It may be possible
that training does not meet requirement of person (Ployhart, 2011). The evaluation form was
enough successful because it involves all the necessary factors that are to be involved for the
employees such as induction etc. Induction is very important for the new employees because by
this means, they get aware of their role and responsibility. Also, it involves the learning and
behaviour of the employees working in the company as it helped in making better evaluations.
TASK 4
P1. The role of government with regards to training, development and lifelong learning
Government of UK put its efforts to reduce unemployment level within country. For this
it implements various types of training and development programmes for its people. Various
initiatives were taken by government to creates lots of opportunities for the people. Government
implement idea of life-long learning which aids to promote employment. The main objectives of
lifelong learning are given below:
 Government can increase the demand of learning by providing vocational learning which
create a type of entertainment stimulating the process of learning.
 Government took initiative steps develop advance training centre to satisfy domestic
market of UK and Europe as per need of economy.

 Give opportunity to those people who have not properly trained, they got chance to
redevelop their skills, without continuation of course (Flatten, 2011).
There are five groups which helps UK government to give training to the employee which are
given below: Community based learning and development: Employee of Mark and Spencer and UK
government conduct training session of some specific job. UK government afford all
expenses of training. National occupation Standard: UK government determine the necessity to give training
which aids to develop job description. Job expert deputed to train the employees.
 Skill funding agency: These agencies sponsor the funds for training and development to
employee of Mark and Spencer. These agencies help different colleges of UK to provide
better training and should employed there where they get training. The government has
started various initiatives in which they provide the required funding to the company so
that they can provide all essential processes and procedures for understanding their roles.
P2. The development of the competency movement has impacted public and private sector.
Impact of competency movement on economy of both public and private sector which
determine by everyone (Bhamra, 2011). This is very essential for the individual to become a
skilled person in the poor workforce which lead to destruction of organisational objectives. Mark
and Spencer apply different strategy to make skilled worker so that employee can sustain in the
organisation. Organisation focus on to develop the skills and knowledge of the employee. M&S
puts different methods of evaluation which help company to develop skills and knowledge of
employee:
Competency based performances: The supervisor help employee of organisation to enhance
their performance by implementing some extent of plan for employee to check the performance
of employee.
Competency – Based Evaluation: Competition between employees of organisation bring out the
forth products which enhance the performance which are related to assigned task and their
duties.

Core competencies: This is essential characteristics which attribute to improve knowledge and
skills of employee. Government implements various initiative to improve the performance of
employees (Crouch, 2011).
Improve productivity: As the competition is increasing day by day in the market, so it helps in
involving various factors that can help in maximizing the overall productivity rate. Due to high
competition rate and good collaboration among employee aids to enhance the productivity of
assigned job which give positive impact of competency between different employee of same
organisation. It leads to establish better collaboration in performing task which aids to increase
the productivity of products.
Benefits: Competency enhance performance of employee working in organisation. It aids to
enhance performance of employee working in the public sector as well as private sector. It plays
an important role in assessing the job performance and their skills after attaining training
(Alarcon, 2011).
Competency framework : A competency framework is considered as a framework that helps in
defining and understanding the roles and responsibilities of the organisation more effectively and
appropriately. It also helps in providing a set of factors such as abilities, experience and
attributes.
P3. Assess how contemporary training initiatives by the UK government has contributed To
human resource development
The intention of UK government is to impart training programmes to every organisation
whether it is small or large, private, public. Government focus on overall development of people
as they must consider their citizens of country. They cannot be ignored in any case. It is basic
duty to full fill aim of growth and development in area. For Mark and Spencer, it is useful to
collaborate with government to enhance quality and performance of every individual. These
sessions of training and development programs are initiated to improve the existing performance
and skills of people in productive manner. Mark and Spencer carry out training plans in securing
significant level. Every company aims to grow in particular time period and reach their targets.
Contemporary initiatives have directly linked to human resource development. This department
is concerned with employees or workers of organisation hence, UK government always make
changes to enhance real situation (Crouch, 2011). Every organisation has to align their work with
government rules and regulations to perform at best level and utilize their efforts significantly.

There are number of steps which are focused majorly like proper salary system of employees,
safety work place, healthy working environment. Labour turnover is also one of major problem
faced by many company hence, policies are made regarding it which has to followed by every
industry. Mark and Spencer have certain policies regarding issues related to human resource.
These have to be incorporated in prominent way.
CONCLUSION
From the above prepared report, it has been noted that Human resource development has
been observed that it is very important function implemented in organisational system. Training
and development process has been implemented in almost organisation to carry out the work
process in effective and efficient level. It is also concluded that evaluation form also plays
prominent role in finding out issues regarding their work performance. There are respective
initiatives carry out by government along with company system to full-fill their set objectives
and goals. This assignment also helps in knowing certain aspects and concepts related to
particular company system.

REFERENCES
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