International Business: Benefits and Challenges of Strategic Alliances in Aviation Industry

This report examines the benefits and challenges of international strategic alliances in the aviation industry. It explores the motivations behind forming strategic alliances and analyzes their suitability for global expansion. The report also discusses the impact of strategic alliances on market access, customer expansion, and competitive advantage.

International Business

Executive summary
The report has examined in detail varied aspects related to international business goals
within market expansion factors further leveraging varied competencies among strategic alliance.
Further research has concluded analysis in depth of varied advantages. Usage of varied resources
and structural usage of resources for implementation of strategic alliance in UK aviation
industry. It has been found within research optimized among rapport that literature review and
discussion, analysis has fundamentally evolved to generate varied functional scale expansion
within international business goals. Star Alliance, Sky Team and One world are the largest
strategic alliance within UK aviation industry, furthermore proceeding to generate the best
competencies among international business platforms fundamentally.

Table of Content
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
Literature Review.........................................................................................................................4
Analysis and Discussion..............................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
International business can be understood to be one of the most significant aspect widely
growing within companies in recent time period globally, expanding with high scale commercial
competitiveness and strengthened working innovation. Aviation industry internationally is
vividly growing with high scale commercial investments pertaining towards technical functional
strengthened productivity. Furthermore, UK aviation industry is witnessing varied aspects of
strategic alliances coming up among companies for technical productive competitive
functioning. In recent time period, international business entry aspect within strategic alliances is
widely growing for larger scale functional growth. The report will be analysing Star Alliance,
Sky Team and One world as example of international strategic alliance within foreign market
expansion, with detailed focus on motivations behind its benefits and challenges. Study will
identify analysis evolved on alternative market entry strategy in recommendations, for further
synchronised innovations and to strengthen up larger productive engagement. Report also will
further examine suitability of all international strategic alliances methods, benefits and
challenges within foreign market entry aspects fundamentally. Star Alliance, Sky Team and One
world are the largest strategic alliance example in order of size based on capital investment
further exceeding. Report will examine literature review and analysis, discussion based on
competent functional abilities within strategic alliances determining vision oriented growth and
primitive strengthened working benchmarks.
Literature Review
Evaluation of international strategic alliances as an option to foreign markets expansion.
As per the views of Cuellar-Fernández, Fuertes-Callén and Serrano-Cinca (2021),
international strategic alliance is defined as collaborative arrangement between companies for
expanding international businesses platforms and generate functional productivity within

customer target market enlargement. Strategic alliance has role to extensively operate the best
business determinants' growth functional parameters competitively, where foreign market is
widely expanding. As an option to foreign market expansion, strategic alliances further open up
varied scope for strengthening vitality rate of commercial innovation and profit within revenue
targets. One World, Sky Team and Star Alliance is one of the most prominent known strategic
alliance within UK aviation industry parameters, for larger competitive engagement goals within
customer market expansion fundamentally. Author in research papers also examined focus
towards strategic alliance as one of the best competitive foreign market expansion aspect
fundamentally, leveraging significant functional abilities. Example of strategic alliance has been
found to be competitively strong aspect, for technical productive innovation and creative
functional abilities, based on technical strengthened goal networks.
Another author Purkayastha and Kumar (2021), however also examines focus towards
changing aspects within larger scale functional expansion where there are varied market entry
factors which can be segregated on exporting, licensing, partnering and greenfield venturing. The
author in research papers has significantly analysed that other market entry parameters are also
diversified to be further headed on for enlarged productive competitive expansion rapidly. This
can be also analysed that international market entry pathways are widely derived based on
operational plans, productive strengthened usage of scale functional synergies dynamically. With
changing varied business platforms there is functional scope for evolving towards untapped
functional targets, evocatively building up networks. It can be understood that companies further
leverage larger scale competent productive strengthened working potentialities, deriving higher
positives variedly to yield on larger functional rise rapidly.
Decision-making criteria that determines suitability utilised by firms in the partner selection
process
As noted by Zahoor and Al-Tabbai (2021), decision-making criteria that determines
suitability utilized by firms in partner selection has specific role for finalizing business further
international expansion strategy extending commercial business goals. Companies look for
critical business objective parameters, based on competitive advantage and core competencies
factors further expanding key connective goals widely. Partner selection within international
business platforms also has specific influence with varied company’s capital structure tools, new
vivid range of functional abilities and profound structural growth targets. Decision making

criteria is also influenced by future competitive threat factors and determining strategic
innovation functional abilities, higher synchronized rise on larger functional operatives. Author
within research papers also explained that future strategic options among companies’ business
plans, bring on leveraging scope for wider quest rise paradigms innovatively. Risk mitigation
analysis within longer run company business positioning, is another key factor further
strengthening wide structural larger vivid range of commercial expansion. Furthermore, strategic
alliance further aims to strengthen up key benefits for international expansion productively and
also pertain determinants related to wider competitive viable functional goals.
Another author Mukherjee, Makarius and Stevens (2021). contradicts working aspects
related to decision-making process for suitability within company procedures to choose strategic
partners is widely competitive and time taking with also uncertainty factor involved.
International market is highly structured, based on larger scale functional competitive growth
rise working goals for larger business positioning goals innovatively. This can be also
understood that strategic alliances have specific rising challenges also, with new affirmative
business demands and larger scale competitive factors further determining vision. International
business partner selection has large specific focus enhancing specific key connective targets,
quest evolved capital and resources optimization for stringent innovation. Research papers also
adhere focus on challenging business attributes and specific functional rise on varied new market
entry parameters, for determining key positioning goals and specific key business attributes.
Use of international strategic alliances in foreign market expansion
As illustrated by Yang and et.al (2021), strategic alliance is one of the most common and highly
commercial innovative business international expansion strategy, which provides benefits
such as access to new market and customer target markets. Sharing of capital risks factors,
imperative rise on functional strengthened engagement goals, based on expertise rise
paradigms and competitive advantage aspects within market structure. International
strategic alliance is one of the best aspect evolving within international market expansion
paradigms, where aviation industry has high scope. One World, Sky Team and Star Alliance
is one of the most globally renowned strategic alliance, within UK aviation industry further
heading towards strengthened functional expansion fundamentally. Usage of strategic
alliance as analysed in research papers further brings on technical rise profoundly, based on

commercial resources structural usage actively. Research papers by author --- also
potentially brings on diverse factors such as strengthened functional usage of strategic
alliances opens up new scope for companies to gain higher expertise, best revenue goals and
industrial benchmarks. Aviation international expansion further opens up new determinants,
based on larger scale functional rise goals and primitive connective standards' expansion.
Aviation industry is competitively heading to evolve on larger scope, with collaborations
rising among companies based on competent functional goals and larger paradigms. As per
Purkayastha, Kumar and Gupta, (2021), author presents contradictory aspects where
strategic alliances also bring on further varied challenges and risk factors along, based on
operational goals. Strategic alliances head on competitive focus, where resources planning is
uncertain and time taking factor, further demanding new business goals to be organized
profoundly. This also brings research papers examined by author on focus, where technical
strengthened productive efficacy has to be enhanced effectively for larger professional
expansion.
Benefits and challenges of international strategic alliances
As noted by Macovei and Hagen, (2021),there are varied benefits and challenges for
implementing international strategic alliances within international business competitive
factors extending among aviation industry. Author examines focus towards analysing
benefits of strategic alliance within One World, Sky Team and Star Alliance where
instant market access and new opportunities rise are some of the major benefits.
Increased vital sales and higher commercial expertise factors further open up scope.
Exploiting new opportunities, brings on functional rise towards determinants connected
to functional expansion rapidly and also wider primitive goals formulation aspects.
Author in research papers also extend strengthened focus towards delivering new skills
and technology benefits, with higher customer expansion functionally and rapidly
evolving towards new productive services. There are economic, strategic benefits to
companies for further heading on implementation of strategic alliance factors expanding
towards untapped functional goals rapidly. Uk aviation industry with rapid commercial
innovation has been witnessing large examples within international strategic alliances, to
generate larger scale rapid engagement within international networks.

This further heads on profound rise for developing stringent innovation, attaining strategic rise
goals and extending new channels of international domains. However, Ghymers (2021),
contradicts the statement and brings before varied challenges within international
business expansion based on strategic alliance aspects where the resources optimum
utilisation is often at risk. Strategic alliance heads on larger scale changes in complexity
factors based on competitive new goals, evolving among companies which brings on
uncertainty. Author analyses lack of independence factors within business, rapid changes
implications analysis further also reduces functional working operatives dynamically
based on technical functional goals. Future new business opportunities have to be also
worked on strengthening new scale rise evolved as per competitive benchmarks,
leveraging untapped new domains. Los of operational power and economic fluctuations
are some other challenges, based on which usage of strategic alliance becomes difficult
choice. Increased costs of information and technology is also essential aspect, on which
strategic alliance has varied imperative untapped divergence to be analysed based on long
term operatives profoundly (Salvadori, 2021).
Thus, it can be understood that usage of strategic alliance further heads on
profound connective role, for bringing on wider scale profound investments under check and
also functional range of competitive business positioning plans. Companies have to critically
adhere to further in depth focus on determining analysis based on varied benefits and challenges
before heading on towards commercial channels under strategic alliance.
Analysis and Discussion
Understanding of the suitability of international strategic alliances in airlines
international/global expansion
Star Alliance, Sky Team and One world as one of the most globally renowned
international strategic alliance within airlines and aviation industry has been analysed to be
widely known as one of the best international market expansion. International strategic alliances
has scope to generate larger consumers' engagement among business world paradigms to evolve
as best functional rise goals. With new competitive factors evolving, there is further untapped
pace evolving among businesses, based on fundamental working expansion rise rapidly and to
also deliver wider functional goals. International business expansion within aviation industry

further heads on larger pace for companies to extend channels, synchronize new functional
abilities diversely and also strengthen up best determinants.
Star Alliance, Sky Team and One world has further opened up new platforms with
diverse business goals, extended new scale commercial strengthened aspects rapidly for larger
consumer’s goodwill. Suitability of international strategic alliances in airlines global expansion
platforms further open up new scope rise evolved, based on long term positioning goals rapidly.
Implementation of strategic alliances has found out to be widely crucial for strengthening
practical engagement among new domains, bringing new paradigms on advanced business goals
rapidly. Aviation industry further heads on functional expansion within larger vision oriented
benchmarks, synchronise the best optimum productive rise within new standards. Furthermore,
new changes among services within aviation industry also demands competencies to be evolved
on within diverse functional paradigms, synchronizing the best creative innovation goals.
Strategic Alliance, Sky Team and One world strategic alliance has been found to be one of the
most fruitful strategic alliance bringing the best competencies evolved on among new domains.
(Oneworld, SkyTeam and Star Alliance support a globally harmonised approach to health testing
to build a framework of trust, 2020). Commercial expansion further heads on stringent
connective rise rapidly, with usage of strategic alliance goals where international business
determinants have optimum productive role.
Motivations behind formation of international strategic alliance
International strategic alliance heads on larger scale functional rise within commercial
productive benchmarks based on strengthened working diversity targets rapidly, new emergent
evolving among international factors. Strategic alliances are formed to gain market share rapidly
pool new advanced competitive resources within infrastructure and generate access to
competitive market resourcing parameters. Furthermore, aviation industry is widely expanding
on recent working platforms where penetration of new companies further has derived higher
competitive growth diversely. The scope for services enhancement has fundamentally expanded
within recent time periods, where customers also look before diverse competitive world class
diversified services.
Star Alliance, Sky Team and One world furthermore, is globally known to be one of the
most significant example of strategic alliance for stringent functional rise proactively, and larger
working connective rise. Alliance has been also found to possess varied high scale working

consistency within system, based on international expansion functional aspects productively
pacing growth targets in formats of larger revenue paradigms. Rising economies of scale within
enhanced competitive aviation industry is also one of the ley aspect, where setting new working
paradigms within technology standards usage is also functionally crucial. Overcoming new
competition in aviation market, further demands new scale divergence within airlines companies
on which alliances implementation evolves on towards diverse functional rise goals. With
increasing capital structure functional rise, strategic alliances further strengthen up key
benchmarks rapidly towards untapped new business derivatives, higher scale commercial
productive rise factors. Furthermore, motives such as wider customer target market expansion
diversely, entrance within untapped markets and to leverage new key domains further strengthen
up leveraged scope among new strategic alliances (Where are the top 10 fastest emerging
markets in aviation, 2020).
Strategic Alliance, Sky Team and One world strategic alliance, within aviation industry
has been determining new rapid consumers and stakeholders engagement factors, extending
varied commercial business networks rapidly.
Benefits and challenges analysis
There are various benefits and challenges within business strategic alliance factors, where
it can be analysed on basis of further strengthened working rise efficacy paradigms and varied
untapped new targets. Startegic Alliance, Sky Team and One world strategic alliance has been
highly successful, on which benefits of higher rapid commercial innovation has rose for larger
primitive functional optimization. Benefits such as larger customer’s expansion based on revenue
rise and competitive goodwill further has opened up new pace networks widely, as aviation
services are further also expanded within new domains. There is also benefit of larger scale
functional growth rapidly based on international working benchmarks, larger performance
targets and to strengthen up key potential working goals. Aviation industry heads on towards
functional rise goals proactively connecting towards targets, extending new channels and best
primitive quality services engagement determinants rapidly. With competitive commercial
expertise channels, functional synergy to evolve on international business platforms is wide
emerging rapidly on wider goals and quality benchmarks (Best of 2020: Our top 10 most popular
international business articles from the past year
,2020).

Challenges such as rising high structured competitive factors impact companies, on
which strategic alliance further holds uncertainty factors based upon the best expertise paradigms
innovatively. There is also challenge of economic fluctuations, within business international
platforms where strategic alliances demand international countries competent productive rise for
technical strengthened goodwill targets. This further also heads on specific focus on challenges
such as less market autonomy factors, further reducing efficiency parameters which further
reduces commercial stability. It can be analysed that there is challenge of varied scale change
within changing external factors, on which fluctuations on economic parameters have strong role
to synchronize higher strategic competencies. Aviation industry also face challenges such as
rising competitive pressure, on which there is also challenge evolving within strategic alliances
fundamental operational reach goals. This further heads on varied functional rise towards
challenge of fluctuating economic business paradigms, based upon wider technical productive
targets (Migdadi., 2021)
Recommendations for new alternative market entry strategy
There are varied international market entry strategies which can be analysed based on
functional rise gals within business world, on which expertise factors have to be further revived
based on commercial scope. Aviation industry has been competently growing on which, there are
other modes of international market entry strategies such as acquisition, joint venture and
greenfield venturing. Strategies of advanced international business frameworks holds specific
role for evolving on towards untapped commercial growth goals, generating higher expertise
within customer market targets. Analysing advantages and disadvantages will further enable
companies to head on larger focus towards strengthened functional benchmarks, yield specific
key standards operatively. By choosing another alternatives of market entry strategies, there is
further scope for evolved productive untapped efficiency targets and leveraged functional rise
profoundly within aviation industry (Hiltunen, 2021).
Greenfield venturing: The greenfield venturing is form of market entry strategy, for establishing
key new wholly owned subsidiary in foreign country by constructing facilities with high
innovations ad creative working benchmarks. Business enters new international market with high
specifications, including control relative investing and in existing business domains diversely.
There is also opportunity to form marketing partnerships, avoid intermediary costs which further

opens up wider competitive scale expansion rapidly among new benchmarks (Cui and Li, 2021).
However, disadvantage is that it is the riskiest form of FDI and international market expansion
strategy, which further brings barriers to entry and potential high market entry cost.
 Merger and Acquisition: The merger and Acquisition can be understood as consolidation
of company and assets through various types of financial transactions, mergers and tender
offers, which strengthens amalgamation of competitive expertise. Advantages of M&A is
that it improves revenues, increases market vitality factors rapidly and also enlarge best
competitive investments rapidly. However, it is widely time taking option, needs
immediate actions and consumer’s services needs enlarged scope for strengthened
functional expansion. It can be understood that M&A further also optimises stringent
growth paradigms innovatively, based on international business expansion goals further
strengthening corporate productive avenues rapidly.
From the above analysed working determinants analysed among corporate
business targets, it can be understood that greenfield venture is highly competitive to be
adopted within aviation industry targets. Furthermore, implementation of international
business targets further strengthen commercial channels profoundly based on specific
quest paradigms diversely (Boniecki and Marciszewska, 2021)
CONCLUSION
From the above analysed aspects within report, it can be concluded that international
business holds specific role to bring on technical productive engagement rise rapidly within
recent tine periods dynamically. Aviation industry is being productively expanding within varied
high scale international market entry aspects, where scenarios and resources optimum usage
panning plays specific role. This further has been concluded in report, where detailed optimistic
expansion factors within UK aviation industry domains. Report further concluded operatives of
strategic analysis within Star Alliance, Sky Team and One world, where literature review further
conclude analysis in depth based on structural optimum productive targets and higher resource's
optimization factors diversely. Study further concluded that strategic alliances has varied benefits
to generate revenue benchmarks rise in competitive optimum format, and deliver technical
strengthened working range targets dynamically. Report also further concluded discussion and
analysis research factors, on which suitability and motives deriving international strategic
alliance heads on competitive role, which further opens up new platforms scope. Research has

concluded greenfield venturing and mergers, acquisition as other international market entry
parameters further having integral role of strengthened engagement rise profoundly.
REFRENCES
Books and Journals
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Strategic Interactions between Airline Joint-Venture Alliances. European
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entrepreneurs: The importance of brick-and-click and internationalization
strategies. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications. 46. p.101035.
Cui, Q. and Li, X. Y., 2021. Which airline should undertake a large emission reduction allocation
proportion under the" carbon neutral growth from 2020" strategy? An empirical
study with 27 global airlines. Journal of Cleaner Production. 279. p.123745.
Ghymers, C., 2021. Operational Proposal for an EU-CELAC Strategic Alliance. In Financial
Crisis Management and Democracy (pp. 361-377). Springer, Cham.
Hiltunen, R. T., 2021. The Value Relevance of Intangible Assets and Goodwill: Evidence from
the airline industry.
Macovei, V. and Hagen, B., 2021. Entrepreneurial Logics in International Entry Mode
Decisions. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics (IJABE).
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Migdadi, Y. K. A. A., 2021. The Impact of Airline Alliance Strategy on the Perceived Service
Quality: A Global Survey. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality &
Tourism, pp.1-32.
Mukherjee, D., Makarius, E.E. and Stevens, C.E., 2021. A reputation transfer perspective on the
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Purkayastha, A. and Kumar, V., 2021. Internationalization through foreign listing: A review and
future research agenda. Journal of World Business. 56(3). p.101189.
Purkayastha, A., Kumar, V. and Gupta, V. K., 2021. Emerging market internationalizing firms:
Learning through internationalization to achieve entrepreneurial
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Salvadori, T., 2021. Internationalization decision models of international new ventures. In Open
Internationalization Strategy (pp. 240-256). Routledge.
Yang, W., and et.al, 2021. International Airline Alliance Network Design with
Uncertainty. Applied Sciences. 11(7). p.3065.
Zahoor, N. and Al-Tabbaa, O., 2021. Post-entry internationalization speed of SMEs: The role of
relational mechanisms and foreign market knowledge. International Business
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