Table of Contents INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3 TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Explaining legal and regulatory framework of travel and tourism sector............................3 1.2 Surface, sea and air transport law in relation with carriage of passengers within the legal and regulatory framework..........................................................................................................6 TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7 2.1 Evaluating the impacts of the principles of health, safety and security legislation on the travel and tourism sector............................................................................................................7 2.2 Analyzing the legislation related to the equality..................................................................8 TASK 3..........................................................................................................................................10 3.1 Contract legislation in relation to travel and tourism customers........................................10 3.2 Stating consumer protection legislation in relation to travel and tourism customers.........11 TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12 4.1 Analysing ethical dilemmas faced by travel and tourism sector which is published in Travel and Tourism Magazines................................................................................................12 4.2 Analysing the corporate social responsibility of travel and tourism business....................13 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................14 REFERENCES...............................................................................................................................16
INTRODUCTION Travel and tourism is considered as largest service industry in terms of the revenue as well as foreign exchange earning. Further, this industry is also treated as largest employment generator sector in the world. Nation gets more of the revenue when more of the tourists reach to a particular tourist destination and they contribute their best in growth and development of particular nation. On the other side, tourism law forms a certain framework which governs travel agencies, travel ventures, airports, etc. Travel and tourism sector also comprises multi skilled and talented individuals who relatively doing their best in order to increase the Corporate Social Responsibility (Dickinson and Lumsdon, 2010). Apart from it, there also exist some ethical dilemmas which are faced by the tourism industry of a particular country. Thus, it is necessary to avoid common mistakes and provide quality of outcomes for the tourism services. This present report will focus on understanding the legal and regulatory framework regarding the travel and tourism sector. This document will also showcase the contract legislation in relation to the travel and tourism for the customers and also the legislations which related wit the equality. TASK 1 1.1 Explaining legal and regulatory framework of travel and tourism sector Working in a travel law consultant based in London, it is necessary for me to give certain knowledge to travel and tourism students regarding the legal and regulatory framework in the mentioned sector. However, the legislation and tourism industry are generally linked with different ways as one can think for. Tourism industry generally includes suppliers, sellers, contractors, hospitality and different others sections (Battour, Ismail and Battor, 2010). The role of legislation comes into force when any of the stated factors interact with one another. For instance, if the scenario of any hospitality firm restaurant is taken into consideration then it can be said that hospitality venture has to follow various rules and regulations because various parties comes into play in form of suppliers, employees, customers till the final product is given to the customers. Further, the cycle also consist of different factors like in form of hospitality, behaviour of the customers, quality standards for the products and services so rendered, etc. These all factors are also governed by the different legislations and acts.
Some of the legal and regulatory framework within the travel and tourism sector has been discussed down under: Legal framework: Legal framework is considered as broader system which comprises different rules and regulations which are governed and taken into consideration for the effective decision marking. As the tourism sector has increased rapidly, different elements in this sector contributing their best in increasing the nation goodwill and also the revenue and productivity for the nation (Smith, E. and et.al., 2010). Further, the regulation of the tourism sector generally differ from one nation to the other. There exist some national regulations and international one's which each and every travel and tourism organisation has to follow. Development of tourism act, 1969: This act states different rules and regulations for the tourism sector in UK. It also establishes the British Tourist Authority and also the different tourists board for places like Wales, Scotland and England. Law and tourism: There exist different laws which the tourism industry has to follow specifically and the relationship between the tourism and laws is positive. Any operation in the hospitality sector requires proper following of different rules and regulations which is prepared by the state and national bodies. All the nation have their own sector and these sectors have different rules and regulations according to their sectors (Buhalis and Darcy, 2011). Apart from it, there also exist diverse rules which generally affect and influence the functioning of travel and tourism industry. Some of the major rules have been discussed down under: Consumer protection: Here, government body generally protects the rights and interest of customers from the unfair trading and practices which is often regulated by different sections of the travel and tourism sector. Health and safety regulation: The core objective of this act stands on protecting the customers from the risk which exist at business enterprise. Employer is generally liable if any wrongful instance happens at the workplace. Licensing act, 2003: This act states that the hospitality firm can obtain the licence from the government and sale alcohol in the hospitality premises. If any of the hospitality firm
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is not available with the licence and they are selling the alcohol then it will be considered as a offence. Along with these points so stated, travel and tourism sector is also regulated with: HSE: HSE is known as Health and safety executives at work which comes into force in the year 1974. It is one of the single piece of the legislation in UK for the employees regarding their health and safety (Whitfield and Dioko, 2012). Further, this act also gives utmost protection to the health and safety of employees. Health and safety commission: This health and safety commission regulates the health and safety act, 1974 for British people. This commission states that the employer and employee is in legal obligation and both have responsibility for one another when they are at duty. SRA: SRA is strategic Rail Authority which comes into play through Railway act, 1993 and the main objective of this act is to divide BR. In this act, government has made certain amendment in the year 2005 so that the rights and duties of the customers are protected. IATA: IATA stands for International Air Transport Association which is commenced in the year 1945. IATA generally deals with the association of world airlines CAA: Civil Aviation Authority generally deals with the protection of customers when people travel with the help of air transport. CAA is a government agency and the protection is given to the UK people (McCabe, Joldersma and Li, 2010). ABTA: ABTA is Association of British Travel Agency which generally deals with travel agent and operators. Further, the association also has specific control over their travel agents as well as the operators. ABTA has its global presence whole around the world and organisation also works with high standards.
1.2 Surface, sea and air transport law in relation with carriage of passengers within the legal and regulatory framework People usually travel from one place to another in relation to some business work or any personal or family reason. Some goes in relation to office work and some for spending their leisure time with the family members or loved ones. Carriage here defines the route or way choose by the individual for covering the distance. It can be road, sea, air, rail, etc. According to the Article 3 of Athens Convention, following will be considered as major liability of carrier: Liabilityto pay all types of loss which is occurred during the course of carriage and the same is resulted because the carrier is neglected (Whittaker, 2010).Individual who is suffering from loss should clearly define the liability of carrier's. Surface law: The international carriage of passenger by Road Act, 1979 shows the surface law of any nation. This law generally formulates and protect passengers who are on onboard by proper permission of carrier. The prior remedy for claim in the present legislation may include the physical and mental disorders. Sometimes loss of luggage is also a problem which is faced by te passenger and the carriage owner will be responsible in order to pay the damages. Sea law: International Maritime Organisation has formed this law and it focuses on safeguarding the safety and security of shipping. This sea law also regulate the environment factors which is generally involved while prior functioning of ships. International convention for the Safety of Life at Sea generally regulates and give functioning relating to the fire protecting measures, major fighting skills for crew members and also the life saving equipment relating to the sea craft which involves around 12 passengers (Gürtin, 2011). Moreover, the passengers rights are also involved in it. Some of the regulations which is applied to passengers who are travelling has been discussed down below: Cruise where the major point of embarkment is located in member state. Through the ferry services where the point of embankment is outside the nation of the member state. The European Regulations (EU) is not applied to the passenger who is travelling: A ship which is certified for carrying 12 passengers Crew member of the ship is responsible and perfectly liable as how ship is operated.
Air law: Air transport generally includes various laws and regulations. These are usually made by local as well as legislative body in order to have prior functioning. Some of them are:Warsaw Convention 1929:It is an international convention. With this convention, passengers are protected when they use air transport. Person who is travelling from any air transport can claim for any sort of damages incurred. Passengers are also required to carry their ticket while travelling from one place to the another (Roy, 2011). Denied boarding compensation scheme:This board generally has duty to protect the passengers and also focusing on raising the standard of passengers who uses the air transport. This board also focuses on protecting the passengers if any of the flight is delayed or has been cancelled for some reasons. TASK 2 2.1 Evaluating the impacts of the principles of health, safety and security legislation on the travel and tourism sector Described case situation presents that, it is highly required for the travel agency to make compliance with the health and safety legislation. Now, during the purchasing of travel packages customers give high level of importance to the health and safety aspects. In this, Thomas Cook can build or sustain distinct image in the mind of target market by making compliance with the all the laws and legislation which are framed by UK government in relation to the health and safety aspects (Cohen, 2014). Thus, by taking into consideration all the below mentioned laws and legislation Thomas Cook can attract both existing and potential tourist (Foster, McCabe and Dewhurst, 2010). Along with this, it is also the responsibility off the employer to make proper safety arrangements for the personnel which prevents injury at workplace. Vicarious Liability Act According to this act, employer will be held vicariously liable for the undesirable act or performance of their personnel. In the context of Thomas Cook, company is required to frame and introduce strict policies for making control on undesirable performance aspect of the employees (Cohen, 2013). In this, if any injury suffered by the guest or tourists due to illegal act of the human resources then owner of Thomas Cook will be entitled to give compensation to the
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injured party for the loss suffered by them. In this way, by restricting the illegal act company can offer highly safe environment to the guests or tourists (Tribe, 2015). Occupiers liability Act (1984) This Act entails that business unit needs to make proper health and safety arrangements for the guests by evaluating the level of hazards. Through this, Thomas Cook become able to reduce the number of accidents to the large extent (Guttentag, 2015.). In this, company is liable for giving compensation to the injured party due to its negligence. In contrast to this, if guests do not comply with the safety aspect then there will be no compensation offered by the company. Data protection Act (1998) On the basis of this act, Thomas Cook needs to maintain database of their customers in relation to their identity, stay information etc. for the period of 5 years. In addition to this, company is also accountable for building and maintaining confidentiality in relation to the personal information of the guests (Lee and Tsang, 2013). Further, it is also the liability of the firm to take permission of the guests before giving information to other about them. Health and Safety laws (1974) As per this Act, Thomas Cook requires making safety arrangements for both guests and employees. For this purpose, it is highly required for Thomas Cook to conduct training session for the personnel. It develops ability of the personnel to deal with the electronic equipment more effectively and efficiently. This in turn prevents accidents at workplace to the significant level. 2.2 Analyzing the legislation related to the equality There are several laws and legislation which are introduced by UK government in relation to the equality. Thus, Thomas Cook needs to consider all the following legislation while making the recruitment and selection of personnel. Through this, company would become able to attract the high talented personnel (Fenclova and Coles, 2011). Moreover, employees prefer to work with the organization who treat them on the basis of equality. In this, Thomas Cook can build competent workforce by practising the laws which are enumerated below: Racial discrimination Act (1956) On the basis of this Act, Thomas Cook should not discriminate people on the basis of theirrace,religion,colour,nationalityetc.Ifbusinessunitfoundtodosuchkindof discrimination then it will be liable for giving penalty (Harpur and James, 2014). Sex Discrimination Act (1975)
This Act entails that Thomas Cook requires equal employment opportunity to both men and women. Thus, they should place high level of emphasis on skills and abilities during the recruitment rather than sex such as male, female etc (Camus, Hikkerova and Sahut, 2012). In this way, it promotes high level of equality within the business organization by preventing the sex discrimination. Employment protection Act (1998) As per this act, company needs to provide leave and other benefits to the human resources. Aspects of such legislation entails that maternity leave should be offered by Thomas Cook to both men and women. Moreover, it is the responsibility of both men and women to take care of their child. In this way, such act offers high level of benefits to the human resources of firm.In addition to this, employees of Thomas Cook also has right to demand for the pension benefits (Stevenson, Rowbotham and Lowther, 2015). This in turn will provide high level of protection to the personnel in relation to their near future. Further, employer also accountability to develop and offer harmonious working environment to the employees (Crawford, 2016). Moreover, employees can perform their act more effectively and efficiently only when they are highly satisfied with the working environment and condition. Human Rights Act (1988) This act has been introduced by UK government in 1988 which offers high level of protection to the employees. In accordance with such Act, human resources of the firm have right to provide information to the management about the difficulties which are facing by them at workplace. For instance: If personnel face difficulty in coping up the working environment then they have right to give feedback about such aspects to their respective authority or higher management. Further, human resources of the firm also has right to take action in against to the undesirable act of management. Disability discrimination Act According to this, business organization cannot make discrimination on the basis of disability. By considering such aspect, it can be said that Thomas Cook also needs to offer equal opportunity to the personnel who are physically handicapped if they have ability to perform organizational activities and functions. (Disability Discrimination Act,2016). In this way, such act offers several rights to the disabled person which offers high level of protection to them.
TASK 3 3.1 Contract legislation in relation to travel and tourism customers Contract is defined as legal agreement between two or more parties in relation to goods and services which is exchanged for the consideration which is generally enforced by the law. Each and every travel organisation has binding contract with the customers setting the details of payment and services. Some important points which can be derived from contract are stated down under: Passenger as well as travel company should know that they are legally bounded with one another. The travel company has assured right for claiming up the payment under the contract so made (Crozier and Baylis, 2010). Travel company in UK is also required to communicate the legal terms and conditions of the contract to the customers. Further, every travel contract has certain terms and conditions which is attached with it. This can be in form of place of destination, departure, arrival, duration as well as the cost of stay. However, in order to the failure of set conditions, customers ave equal right to withdraw the contract at anytime. Contract further comprises of different elements and some of them has been discussed down under: Offer- Offer is made by the offeror and the same is accepted by the offeree. On acceptance of the offer, party is said to be in the contract. It should further have presence of both the parties and a legal and necessary condition to accept the offer. For instance, staying in hotel. Acceptance: When the offer so made is accepted then it is considered as acceptance. In the travel and tourism, when family head make certain decision with the travel agent relating to the tour package, the decision of buying that tour package will considered as acceptance. Consideration:There need to be legal considerationfor a valid contractand this consideration is necessary in order to complete the acceptance. For instance, in the holiday contract, charges of holiday took by the travelling agent will be considered as legal consideration (Hall, Gossling and Scott, 2015).
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Travel and tourism sector includes different industries like aviation, hospitality, food and beverages, etc. Organisation usually aims in making a loyal base of the customers so that they will be able to enhance their revenue and productivity for long time period. In relation to the above topic, a letter has been prepared for sending to travel assistant in order to explain the different legislation relating to customers (Aradhya and Acharya, 2012). To, The Board of Directors of Travel Agent, Date: 27thJuly 2016 Considering the case scenario which is given in the study, a customer who has taken tour package from a travel assistant for Spain was not happy relating to the services which is been offered at resort. He also claimed that he has been given false information provided by the travel agent at the time of the booking. Working as a travel consultant, it would be a mere suggestion that organisation as to follow different contract legislation for achieving the success in competitive business environment. Contract of supply of goods states that customer can expect a reasonable price of goods and services and it need to be provided to customers with prior care and certain skills. When a certain contract is made in relation with accommodation, the hotel room should be of decent condition and should possess decent condition and also follow certain rules for cleanliness standard. Holiday contract is also given by travel agent which includes all the inclusive amount from fair charges, accommodation to sight seeing. However, travel agent is generally responsible to give clear price of the product and services and that should be properly included in te tour packages. I hope you people will now consider the expectations of customers in travel and tourism sector and will focus on giving them best of the services in coming time period. Your faithfully James Thomas (Travel consultant) 3.2 Stating consumer protection legislation in relation to travel and tourism customers The consumer protection legislation emphasise on protecting the rights as well as interest of the customers from being affected from business ventures and travel agents. The trade
description act 1968 restricts on false prices of goods and services, accommodation and other services. It generally sets various responsibilities on Trading standard officers and they have to check many a things. Some of them are as following: Application of false trade description Supply relating to which the false trade description is been implied on Putting false statements relating to the provision of services, facilities as well as the accommodation Consumer protection act, 1987 also focuses on protecting the interest of the customers. Managers of business ventures are liable to give best quality of products to customers. When the customers buy any product then they have all the equal right to know each and every quality of the product. Moreover, the product need to be of hygiene quality as well so that best of the benefit can be derived to customers and they become loyal customer base for the business enterprise.Moreover,managerisalsoliabletoputessentialinformationrelatingtothe ingredients, price, manufacturing and expiry date, etc. TASK 4 4.1 Analysing ethical dilemmas faced by travel and tourism sector which is published in Travel and Tourism Magazines Ethical dilemmas sometimes presents situations where ventures have to select one best alternative from different solutions. In the scenario, one option shows negative impact whereas other focuses on giving huge amount of benefit. Further, there exist various situations where travel and tourism sector faces problem in order to implement the best plan due to the ethical dilemma. In the current time period, business organisation focuses on giving best of the services to the customers so that they become loyal customer base for the enterprise (Zywicki, 2013). Apart from it, it is also necessary to give customers best product at an affordable price so that more of the customers get attracted towards the firm. With it, firm will also gain competitive advantage over the rival competitors who are working in the same industry. Further, the travel and tourism sector is generally very much complex and one has to understand different elements and the role and functioning of them. Different types of sectors like hospitality, management, employment, logistics are dependent of various factors and they are inseparable (Schwarcz, 2013). Moreover, there exist different situations which global hotels
faces in running their day to day business operations. Sometimes, these difficulties also arise due to the ethical dilemmas. Some of the factors which is faced by Intercontinental hotel group has been discussed down under:Protectionofenvironmentissue:Withthehighemergenceofglobalizationand liberalization in recent time period, various ventures who are working in travel and tourism sector are now able to expand their business operations and have different chain in various countries. However, the major problem is faced relating to the garbage or waste material which may be result into the pollution. Hospitality firm have to implement different procedures in order to reduce the waste which is so generated. Environmental issues is considered as the major factor which is restricting the business venture to enter into new arena or location (Idris and et.al., 2012).Social and cultural factors:Social and cultural factors are based on institutions, society as well as the host communities which can be tangible or intangible depends on the destination that where it exists. Government also make intervention in form of Visas and Passports and therefore people face difficulty in documenting their records and reach to particularlocation.SomelocationshaveeasydocumentaryprocesslikeNepal, Bangladesh,Myanmar,etc.whereassomecountrieshavecomplexdocumentary procedure like USA, UK, etc. These countries usually have strict tourism regulations which need lots of documentation and paper work and all need to be submitted in advance. Political pressures:Travel and tourism is one of the major sector which contributes their best in the growth and development of a particular nation. Therefore, it is clearly evident that hospitality firms have to promote their services in cost effective manner which will assist them to make a large base of their loyal customers (Pingle, 2012). Considering the above explained dilemmas into consideration, IHG need to properly follow the clear concept of ethical consumerism. Further, they are also guided to develop the ethical practice in significant manner. Apart from it, all the scarce resources also need to be utilised in effective way so that business venture gets best of the benefit. 4.2 Analysing the corporate social responsibility of travel and tourism business Corporate Social Responsibility is considered as a social responsibilities which is adopted by business venture in order to payback their share in community. Some of the activities which
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are taken into consideration relates with the protection of environment, equal opportunities and practice of the sustainable development. Moreover, CSR also aiming at the careful use of social, cultural as well as the environment source for avoiding the wastage, conserving of bio diversity as well as the cultural heritage. Moreover, with the CSR, organisation generally becomes liable towards the society as well as the environment (An Effective Corporate Social Responsibility Programme.,2013). In the current time period, large organisation give more of their emphasis on CSR activities with an clear aim to build broad image in the eyes of their potential stakeholders. IHG is considered as one of the largest hospitality firm which has its effective operations in more than 60 countries. For increasing their revenue, turnover, productivity and brand image, cited firm follows Corporate Social Responsibilities. These responsibilities help them in increasing their stakeholders who will contribute their best in the long run of the enterprise. Further, IHG focuses on promoting their CSR activities every year by year. These responsibilities include: Promoting the social and cultural values Giving right rates regarding the hospitality services for customers Moreover, if the CSR of Thomas Cook is taken into consideration then it can be found that the organisation has found more than 80% of the local label sustainable execution for the year ended 2014. Cited firm has also launched one million heart program in order to promote and foster the relationship between the customers as well as employees. Apart from it, firm has also set target for coming 10 year plan and it focuses on employee engagement, promoting in charities and raising funds by increasing shareholders (The travel and tourism industry,2016.). CONCLUSION From the above report, it can be concluded that travel and tourism sector can enhance its customer base by making compliance with the laws and legislation. Further, it can be inferred that companies which are operated in the tourism sector needs to follow surface, sea and transport law. This in turn provides assistance to the business organization in enhancing the productivity and profitability by offering the quality services. It also can be stated that Thomas Cook can build effectual brand image at marketplace by following the equality laws and legislation. Further, company can also influence the decision making aspect of customers by taking into account the legal framework in relation to the health and safety aspects. It also has been articulated that IHG can build or sustain competitive edge over others by performing the
CSR practices. Along with this, company also needs to consider the ethical dilemmas while formulating the strategic and policy framework.
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