Lesson Planning: Purpose, Characteristics, Design, Learning Styles, Inclusivity, and Assessment

This article discusses the purpose and characteristics of lesson planning, including how to design lessons that incorporate the goals and needs of learners. It also analyzes learning styles and taxonomies to be included when planning a lesson, and explains how lesson plans can be made inclusive. Additionally, it covers the need for flexibility and adaptability in lesson planning, and how lesson plan design affects the delivery of inclusive teaching and learning. The article concludes with a sample lesson plan that meets the individual needs of learners.

Lesson Planning

Table of Contents
1.1 Explain the purpose of Lesson planning................................................................................3
1.2 Describe the characteristics of an effective lesson plan.........................................................3
1.3 Describing how to design lessons plan which incorporate goals and needs of learner.........4
2.1 Analyse learning styles and learning taxonomies to be included when planning a lesson....4
2.2 Explain how lesson plans incorporate learning styles and taxonomies................................5
2.3 lesson plans are inclusive......................................................................................................5
3.1 prepare effective lesson plan..................................................................................................6
3.2 Analyse the need for flexibility and adaptability...................................................................6
3.3 lesson plan design affects the delivery of inclusive teaching and learning...........................7
4.2 Use lesson plan for monitoring learner's achievement and progress...................................11
4.3 Enable learners and others to provide feedback to inform lesson planning........................11
5.1 (a) Assessment.....................................................................................................................11
(b) Evaluation.............................................................................................................................12
5.2 Different methods of assessment and evaluation.................................................................13
5.3 Differentiated assessment....................................................................................................14
5.4 Analysis of assessment and evaluation................................................................................15
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................17

1.1 Explain the purpose of Lesson planning
It can be defined as instructor’s road map of what students need to learn and how it will
be achieved effectively during class time. Along with this, it allows teacher to design an
appropriate learning activities can develop strategies to obtain feedback on students learning.
Basically a guide that includes learning outcomes, theory a methodology that need to be covers
by teacher in class. The last part of the learning plan will address the evaluation of the session
from learner's and teacher perspective. In addition to this, it needs to be made very carefully by
the teacher so that ITV can achieve the learning outcomes for the session efficiently (Sawyer and
Enwall, 2020). Furthermore, bloom taxonomy is often used for developing learning outcomes as
it helps in identifying progress form the simplest form of learning to the most complex.
Furthermore, the aim of the lesson plan is to increase the knowledge of students as well as to
evaluate it performance in order to identify the strengths and weakness of student.
Along with this, major aim of the learning plan contains linguistic objective that focus on
the system of language like gram, vocabulary and pronunciation. Thus, in the end of the session
student will be better able to understand and use the tenses while speaking and writing. In
addition to this, skill aim focus on languages, reading, writing, listening and speaking. Hence, by
the end of the lesson students need to develop these skills or increase their potential. However,
main aim of learning plan is to encompass the lesson as a whole it can include what part of the
curriculum teacher is teaching as well as to set the path in order to accomplish goals of students
in limited frame of time (Gabriele and Enwall., 2019).
1.2 Describe the characteristics of an effective lesson plan
Some characteristics of lesson plan is that it builds upon prior knowledge such as the
content needs to be relevant and it is related to success of students and it should guide students
about the opportunity that is available in external environment. Along with this, it should provide
more flexibility such as students’ needs an and interest need to be meet. Teacher can organize
various activities and task in lesson that will c help students in interacting with each other.
Moreover, the most important task is to clarify transitions such as major task is to grab
their student’s attention from beginning of the lesson. It is very challenging for teacher can tough
to marinating their attention and engagement throughout its stages. In addition to this, the best
way that teacher adopts for making lesson plan is to clearly stated objectives that teacher wants
its students to learn.

1.3 Describing how to design lessons plan which incorporate goals and needs of learner
Along with this, an introduction to the lesson should be included in plan so that student at least
have brief about the subject (Braque-Casallas and Maguire-Garzón, 2020). Furthermore, plan
should include engagement activities in order to build students interest in subject matter.
Lesson plan should be ended with proper conclusion so that students can understand the whole
assessment in short. Lastly, teacher should take feedback form subordinates and provide them
with opportunities to deal with their weakness.
2.1 Analyse learning styles and learning taxonomies to be included when planning a lesson.
Bloom's taxonomy refers as the hierarchy of learning objectives and its main purpose is
to provide educators that can be based on the common language in order to talk about curriculum
assessment and design. There are three levels of learning objectives which are related to
cognitive, affective and sensory domains (Amoebae, 2018). A primary focus of cognitive domain
are listing for primary focus that are related to a traditional education which are frequently used
structure in the curriculum learning objective, activities and assessments. Also help to find right
verbs for learning intentions or objectives. Learning stylers are help in order to encourage
students so that it can help to reflect by preferring ways of learning. Also, it can give the control
or more ownership for learning. Further, it can be working for making the teaching more
enjoyable so that it helps to cop up with the students. According to these taxonomies
motivational theory of Herzberg link with Maslow because they both belief two factor theory of
motivation (Nieves, 2021). Also, they argued for certain business that remained introducing for
directly motivating employees for hard work. Students can understand these learning easily and
it helps in remembering for defining, copying, listening and memorizing.

2.2 Explain how lesson plans incorporate learning styles and taxonomies
The learning style and taxonomies are visual, auditory, write/ read and kinaesthetic styles
that are also known VARK it is the concept of human expression which help for composing
memory and perception. Also,s this is the simple model which combines learner's preference
style in order to exhibit three style and visual learner are depended on ons the spatial and
linguistic channel in student can learn to accord to reading and writing for remembering the
informations. Further, visual spatial can be trouble with a written language that can prefer
videos and also demonstrate learning as the tools (Niemi, 2021). For the visual learner it can be
incorporated for following learnings style or tools in learning environment. In lesson planning
some if the major factors are need to be considered such as for auditory information it can be
related to speaking and listening that are important while teaching online teachings. Also, the
read and write strategy are used for displayed the information so that learner can understand and
with the helps of note takings skill. Lastly, the lasts stage is related to the get the informations by
collecting through experiences on the tactile activities. In these students are sued their experience
for last learnings' session in order to link with new pattern of learning.
2.3 lesson plans are inclusive.
Inclusive learnings are help for providing learning experience which are helps to allow
the learner that are related to any background and learning styler abilities can be successful for it.

Also, in inclusion means to ensure about all the individual are same opportunities for achieve.
This is refers to providing support to the children with educational needs that are help for
creating learning environment which are work all the pupil whether someone disables, speak
English as the additional language or can be the members of minority community (Newman,
2019). Other factors of inclusivity are learning environment because it helps to create positive
environment. The locations of the place are related to be in centre so that learner can available at
places easily. The lighting and ventilation facility are necessary for the classroom because it feels
good atmosphere. The experienced and quality of staffs are helps to more learner and it enhances
their knowledge as well (Niemi, 2021). Also, alls the institution should take care of their culture
in order to understand theirs is no prohibition activity where take action against authority.
Further, the inclusive learning plan are help to identify learnings objectives, plan the specific
learning activities and to assess understandings of learner. Also, it helps for planning the
sequences of lesson in order to engage wits meaningful manner (Deed, 2020). The & E model
are important parts of inclusive lesson plan such as Elicit, engage, explore, explain, elaborate,
evaluate and extend.
3.1 prepare effective lesson plan
There are several steps that are important tos follow for makings effective lessons plan
such as follows-
 To outlining the learning objective including expectation and level of learner.
 Designing the efficient introduction in the learning.
 To plan specific activities with the help of additional resources.
 Checking the understandings and progress of learners.
 Concluded with the definite timeline.
3.2 Analyse the need for flexibility and adaptability
It is related to the open discussions that is important for any sessions because there are
different types of views cans be gets in open discussions. Also, in which all the classroom
activities are necessary to additional classroom tutor supports and it is necessary to adapted or
specific resources that are used for lesson plan because internet or laptop are important source
by which it helps to easy session activity and it cans be flexible to attend class from anywhere
and anytime. All the learner are free to share their reviews as well as it also support peer. The
varied presentations are important factor so that each learner can use the presentations as the

source of module. It can be possible that the time reduces or add according to the demand of
class. Being teacher it is necessary to being flexible for balancing several responsibilities so that
students are able to feels appreciated. The effectiveness emerging that teacher should be mature
in her role and gains more experience with new challenges and class. Along with this its helps to
customize lesson for meetings individual needs (Oboko, 2021). The flexibility let turns the
attention for the student who need the most. Also, adaptability are essentials for teachers in given
or constantly changing demand of teaching work. When the student is adaptable they can better
understanding for controlling exercise over the environment and resources. It is necessary to
avoid dynamic which are lead to failure such as uncertainty, failure, procrastination and anxiety.
3.3 lesson plan design affects the delivery of inclusive teaching and learning.
There are some factors which necessary to considers such as to know the student and
there levels, background, attention spans. The ability works together in the group and the prior
knowledge which are necessary to learning experience so that it helps to consider the level of
student and then the lessons plan will make accordingly. All the content of lesson plan
accommodations for storing the data so that teachers can clears the doubts of students anytime.
Learning preferences is different for all the learner but it is necessary to understand the average
topic which can be easy to understand by all the student otherwise it cans be affects the
inclusivity.
4.1 Design a lesson plan that meets the individual needs of learners
Lesson plan
Name: John Date: 20/02/22
Course: Grammar Duration:
Topic: Phrases and clauses
Learning aim: Learner would be able to develop the
knowledge related to clauses and phrases.
Learning objectives Identify the difference between phrases and
clause.
To understand preposition phrases.
Also, learn about the different types of phrases
such as noun, verb, prepositional and gerunds

etc. A student will learn with examples which
are help for better understanding.
Assumed prior knowledge It can be analysed that student has basic
knowledge about the topic.
Resources Pen, whiteboard, music player, laptop, internet,
chart paper, presentation, notebook etc.
(Aheisibwe, Kobusigye and Tayebwa, 2021).
White board, Flip chart papers, use of power
point slides, materials used for solving
puzzles.
Assessment (how learning will be recognized) Creating more depth knowledge with difficult
exercise with the help of example as well as
discuss the best example in class.
Differentiation (addressing all learners’ needs) Identify how it will differentiate in the lesson
session
Exercise that included noun and pronoun
phrases for better understanding
Solve the various puzzles can be used and
strategies to solve the puzzles.
Skills for Life / Key Skills to be addresses Various examples in order to solve the exercise
of proposition phrases with the helps of
practical experience.
Group discussion with other students
Information Technology Assignment will be submitted through Moodle
Knowledge of word processed assignment

Time Content Teacher
activity
Student
activity
Resources Learning
checks
10.00 am Attendance
Register,
student
assessment
Recap for
yesterday's
lesson.
Taking part in
Question and
answer
Laptop with
internet,
attendance
register,
internet
connection
Discussion
with class,
Question and
answer
10.05 am To identify the
strength and
weakness of
the students
with the help
of open
discussion
Head catch
answer
questions of
phrases (Hu
and et. al.,
2021)
To complete
the task brain
warm
Virtual class
rooms, internet
and laptop,
PPT
Online quiz,
assignment
exercise,
group activity
10.15 am Plan specific
learning
activities
Describing
different types
of theme to the
students,
They will
choose the
topic
according to
there interest
such as noun,
pronoun,
propositional
or gerund. All
the project
based on the
Digital board Then identify
issues in
project
completed by
students.

specific topic
such as
playground,
school, novel,
writings etc.
10.25 am Lessons
objectives
Demonstrate
example for
understanding
noun
You could say,
''I met Parker
at
playground''.
In this
example
Parker is a
nouns and the
place where
they met is
playground.
Classroom
activities
Online quiz,
assignment
exercise,
group
activities
10.45 am Pronoun Blue thinking
style
She loves
reading books,
especially if it
is interesting,
in this
example the
pronoun are
she which
describe the
girl and her
interest in
books.
Evaluation the
presentations
with exercise
Online quiz,
assignment
exercise,
group
activities
10.50 am Gerund
example
Re-visit
learning
Eating cold
coffee on a
Evaluation the
presentations
Feedback for
project

windy days
cans be messy
experience for
girls.
with exercise
10.60 am Discussion
with group
Visits learning
objective
Group
discussion
Evaluation the
presentations
with exercise
Group activity
and Q and A
4.2 Use lesson plan for monitoring learner's achievement and progress.
There are different ways that are helps to monitor the learner's progress and achievement
such as curriculum based measurement (CBM), this method will help to use in the short term
assessment which are related to maths, reading, spelling and writing. From the above lesson plan
it has been analysed that it provides deep knowledge to the student that will be helps for
understandings the same major aspects of English. Also, it is necessary to determine the current
level of the learner's performance so that it can help for identifying the goals that are need to be
taken. To measure the performances on the regular basis are help to work according to expected
performance so that it helps tos achieve the objective. SWOT analysis is one of the important
tool which are helps to know about the strength and weakness of the learner that are help to
works on the basis of given opportunities.
4.3 Enable learners and others to provide feedback to inform lesson planning.
The effective lesson plan can be help for judging the feedback of the learners it can be
possible that learner has the issue regarding the topic so it is important clear the doubt throughout
the day. It is not possible that everyone has same choice so it is important to provide lessons
according to needs of the learner such ass some want traditional method of teaching because it
helps to clear the doubts in the classroom. On the other hand moderns method of teaching help
tos increase the knowledge of digital technology that is common for now-a-days.
5.1 (a) Assessment
Assessment in education is defined as the wide variety of methods and tools that is
applied by the professional for evaluating and examining the learning progress, skill and
educational preferences of the students which help in their further growth and development. It is
the systematic procedure of documentation of data in order to measure the skills, knowledge and
attitude of the students. The main purpose of taking assessment, it enables the teachers to

improve the learning capability of the students. It focuses on the individual leaner or can be
group of persons such as institution etc. Assessment refers to the process of collecting data in
order to better understand the capabilities and weakness of the students (Ferreira, et.al, 2020). It
plays a very major role in learning and motivating the students. It is mandatory for the teachers
to identify the assessment strategies for better and proper evaluation of the students. There are
various types of assessment such as :
 Formative Assessment
 Summative assessment
 Work Integrated assessment
 Diagnostic assessment
 Dynamic assessment
 Synoptic assessment
Assessment helps in improving the learning skills of an individual as it involves the process of
planning and analysis of data. The assessment allows the student to engage in the process of
learning as it enable the students to analyse the real world situations and find the solution to the
problem (Lysaght, et.al, 2019). Every student has its own goals and objectives that helps and
individual to acquire success and the goals will help to encourage learning more and improve
the skills and knowledge of the students.
(b) Evaluation
It can be defined as the process which the formal academic achievements of the students and
helps in the development and capabilities of an individual. Evaluation plays a very important role
in teaching and learning process. Evaluation in learning contributes in the formation of the goals
and also designing the learning experience of the student (Yıldırım, 2021). It helps in fulfilling
the various aspects of the education system that is improvement in the quality of education and
also assists in taking decisions regarding the success of the activities to be achieved in near
future. The purpose of evaluation is to make reliable decision about educational planning. It also
helps in identifying the growth of the students in acquiring the desired knowledge, skills and
attitude of the students. Through evaluation teachers can determine the effectiveness of the
techniques and learning materials applied in their teaching. It also helps in encouraging the
students to develop a sense of discipline and focus towards improving their learning and move
towards achieving the objectives they desire (Herwin, and et.al., 2020.). It focuses on shaping

the educational objectives and to make teaching methods simpler which can help the student to
understand easily. For example with the help of effective lesson plan it help in understanding
different types of phrases such as noun, verb which will help in enhancing the knowledge of the
student and will help to improve the grammar as knowledge of grammar is required in every
field. By conducting the various assessment the teacher can identify the points of difficulty of
the students and finding ways to improve those section. For example, Using the space for
reflecting on lessons. What went well? Why? Problems faced by students while making the
lesson. What would differently from other lessons? Why choosing all the examples and best
practice in order to enhance the learning of the student.
5.2 Different methods of assessment and evaluation
 Initial Assessment: It is defined as the concise assessment that is carried out at the
beginning of the any learning program. It is a process which is the first stage in the
learning cycle. The purpose of initial assessment the confidence among the students and
also helps in improving the learning abilities of the students. These assessments to
identify the students skills, interests and learning experiences and needs that are related to
goals of the students (Coelho, and Sousa, 2018). These assessments help the students to
gain as many knowledges from learning programs and also saves the time of the teachers
which can be used in further planning of various assessment.It helps in identifying the
requirements of the students and plan accordingly in order to meet the leaning needs of
the students. It helps in finding the motivation and expectation of the students in order to
enhance the area of knowledges and capabilities of the students.
 Diagnostic assessment: Diagnostic assessment helps the teachers to identify and
examine the skill, areas of knowledge, strengths and weaknesses of the students It is a
form of pre- assessment and is written at the beginning and end of the course. With the
help of these assignments teachers can plan more productive and effective instructions in
order to provide students with better and meaningful learning experience of the students.
The teacher can identify the area where the students are getting difficulty to understand
and plan and guide the students to manage and overcome the difficulty level. Diagnostic
assessment benefits both the teacher and students and it allows the teachers to examine
the capabilities of the students and make plans and instructions more effectively as focus
in on providing experience which enhances their skill and knowledge through better

learning programs. It also helps in identifying the information regarding English and
other communication skills of the students.
 Formative assessment: It refers to the various methods that the teachers adopt in order
to conduct the in- process evaluation of the learning needs and progress of the students
during their learning sessions. It helps the teachers to identify the areas where the
students are finding difficulty to understand and the skills they want to achieve
(Schildkamp, and et.al., 2020). This type of assessment helps the teacher to focus on the
core areas which can help to improve the learning experiences and skills of the student.
It helps the teacher to provide information regrading the capabilities of the students as it
helps the teacher to plan and focus on improving the areas of knowledge of the students.
It provides motivation to the students in the areas where improvement is needed.
 Summative assessment: Summative assessment helps to evaluate the knowledge gained
and learning of the students at the end of the learning program introduced in order to
enhance and improve the capabilities of a student. It helps in examining the students
learning progress and effectiveness of the learning program. It is a effective strategy
organized by teachers in order to judge the knowledge area of the students and learning
experience from programs. The main purpose of summative assessment is to rank the
students as per their understanding and helps to predict the progress of the candidates
and make plan for future development of the students and organizing effective learning
programs.
5.3 Differentiated assessment
In Differentiated assessment teachers modify and match the assessment in order to meet the
individual needs and goals of the students and enhancing the learning ability of the candidates.
Every student has its own ability regarding the learning experience, styles, preferences, strength
and weaknesses . Teachers consider different strategies in order to understand the needs of the
students and plan learning programs to improve the capabilities of the students.
 Equality and diversity is related to the ideas of promoting and accepting the differences
among the students and ensure that every candidate is treated equally and fairly and
should not be discriminated on the basis of age, race, disability etc. It is very important
for the teacher to promote equality and diversity in classroom as it will benefit the
teachers as well as the students(Nichols, 2020) . It helps in maintaining a good

environment in the classroom and helps in understanding the individual characteristics
rather than opposing it.
 Instructional materials plays a very important in teaching and learning process and
teacher can use a wide variety of tools by using appropriate methods and providing
teaching guide and various other audio and visual aids so that students are equipped with
new tools and methods for improving and enhancing the area of knowledge and skill
which can further help in the development of the student and prepare for the future.
 With the help of this assessment, teachers can identify the skill, knowledges, skills and
abilities of the students and plan the learning programs to improve the areas of
knowledge of the students. It also helps in identifying the areas where the students are
facing difficulty in understanding and make effective learning programs so that the
students can gain advantage from the new learning programs.
5.4 Analysis of assessment and evaluation
A lesson plan is considered as the most important of achieving the well-defined planned
lesson as it allows the teacher to teach particular lesson in order to achieve the goals and also to
enhance the area of understanding of the students. Assessment can be done in the beginning and
at the end of the session and when the assessment are conducted at the beginning of the session,
teachers can easily identify the strength and weaknesses of the students. The purpose of the
assessment is to gather the information about the progress of the students. With the help of
assessment and evaluation the teacher can identify the weaknesses of the students and guide so
that they can compete with their competitors in future and attain success(Piper, et.al, 2018). The
main purpose of these assessments is to improve the area of knowledge of the student so that
they gain more experience and gain confidence where they are lacking. The aim of the these test
so that students are able to gain maximum benefit without wasting much time. The teacher
should make efficient use of methods and tools to enhance the learning area of the students. The
main purpose is to examine whether the students are gaining benefit from various learning
programs which will help to achieve the goals and objectives for their development.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that lesson plan help for developing the new idea for the students
so that it can help to encouraging the additional activities. There are also included models,
theories, taxonomies etc. that are easy to apply for teachers. The main aim is to help for

increasing the knowledge and skills of the students. Further, report explained practice and
principle of learning that are including significance of different techniques of assessment.

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