Leadership and Management in Contemporary Business Environment
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This article discusses the factors that impact operational management and decision-making for the leaders and managers of Marks and Spencer. It also explores the relationship between leadership and management in the wider context of corporate social responsibility, ethics, culture, values, and sustainability.
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MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3 LO 4.................................................................................................................................................3 P6: Leadership and management in contemporary business environment..................................3 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION Leadership and management play a very significant role in the organisations whether large or small. The managers where are responsible for developing the strategies and policies for achieving the goals of the organisation, the leaders takes the responsibility for motivating and encouraging the employees to strive hard to achieve the organisational goals. Marks and Spencer is headquartered in London and is one of the well-known retailer companies in UK which sells clothes, home and food products along with having a label on its every product. The section below describes the factors which impacts the operational management as well as the decision- making of the leaders and managers in the company Marks & Spencer. It will also highlight the relationship between the leadership and management in the wider context. LO 4 P6: Leadership and management in contemporary business environment Factors that impact operational management and decision-making for the leaders and managers of Marks and Spencer: Organisational issues: Factors in context of Marks & Spencer that can affect the decision- making of leaders and managers areresources of the organisation, various policies and organisational procedures, organisational hierarchy and politics within the organisation.Policies and proceduresof M&S are formalised and documented which guide managers to take appropriate decisions, follow guidelines for business operations, solving conflicts and common problems (Aithal, 2017). Organisations have various levels of management and authority is set accordingly. Thedegree of authoritydirectly impacts on the operational management. For example, a sales manager in Marks and Spencer cannot decide marketing objectives, which is the authority of Senior managers of marketing department. Organisations consists of managers and leaders with different interests, beliefs and values and are driving forces behindorganisational politics. For example, resource allocation can be influenced using politics and decisions of senior leaders (Dźwigoł, 2017). External environment factors: The major environmental factors that effect operations of Marks & Spencer are the market of Marks and Spencer, the economic conditions, government legislation, political climate and consumer behaviour. Other factors include, market trends, stakeholders and 3
technological changes.Political factorslike the impact of Brexit may change the ways in which marketing heads devise their pricing policies due to disruption in supply chain.Social factors like the response to marketing strategies may lead to a change in allocation of budgets in the company etc.Technological factorslike decisions regarding upgradation of automation or RFID technology in the outlets of M&S.Legalitiessuch as change in the standards of sustainability, endorsements, outsourcing or labour laws can impact the operations of the retail company (Zinovieva and et.al., 2016). Market trendsare dynamic in nature and managers have to continuously change and upgrade their operations to be in sync with the latest fashion trends which have to analysed and requirement s of customers have to be evaluated.Stakeholderswhich consist of employees, customers,investors,suppliersandgovernmentinstitutionsaffectthedecisionsofthe organisation as whole. Relationship between leadership and management in wider context In contemporary business environment, relationship between leadership and management affect the organisation in wider communities and business environment in context of corporate social responsibility, ethics, culture, values and sustainability as well as stakeholders. Leaders and mangers are dependent upon each other and have their own job roles and responsibilities and decision-making practices. The leaders take strategic decisions, predict futuretrends,setobjectivesandpoliciesanddevisecorporatestrategies.Managersare responsiblefortakingcareofresources,managingtheworkforceandimplementingthe strategies by taking care of each and every activity. The powers of the managers in Marks & Spencer are decentralised so that mangers can fulfilling the goals and organisational objectives. In context of CSR, leaders and mangers must adopt business approaches that are sustainable in nature as CSR activities impact local community. Culture is an important part of management operations which impact decisions of various levels like production and marketing as well as workforce management. Ethics, values and sustainability have to be in line with the management operations and should fulfil the sustainability goals of Marks & Spencer (Engelbrecht, Heine and Mahembe, 2017). 4
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REFERENCES Books and Journals Aithal, P.S., 2017. Impact of Domestic, Foreign, and Global Environments on International Business Decisions of Multinational Firms: A Systematic Study.International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS),2(2), pp.93-104. Dźwigoł,H.,2017.Organisationalstructurewithintheprocessofor-ganisation management.Adres redakcji 00-099 Warszawa, ul. Canaletta 4, p. 301 tel.(22) 827 80 01, w. 314 faks (22) 827 55 67 e-mail: mir@ pwe. com. pl, (7), p.172. Engelbrecht, A.S., Heine, G. and Mahembe, B., 2017. Integrity, ethical leadership, trust and work engagement.Leadership & Organization Development Journal. Zinovieva, C.G., and et.al., 2016. Study of external and internal factors affecting enterprise’s stability.Advances in Systems Science and Applications,16(1), pp.62-71. 6